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#LyX 1.4.0cvs created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 245
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Tutorial de LyX
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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\series bold
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por Amir Karger y el Equipo de LyX
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\series default
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\newline
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traducci<EFBFBD>n al castellano: Sergio Garc<72>a Reus
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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Introducci<EFBFBD>n
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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<EFBFBD>Bienvenido a LyX!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Este fichero ha sido dise<73>ado para todos aquellos que nunca han o<>do hablar
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de LaTeX, o no lo conocen muy bien.
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No tengas miedo, no tendr<64>s que aprender LaTeX para poder usar LyX.
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Ese es, al fin y al cabo, el punto fuerte de LyX: proporcionar un interfaz
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casi WYSIWIG (
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\emph on
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What You See Is What You Get
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\emph default
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) para LaTeX.
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Sin embargo, hay algunas cosas que necesitar<61>s aprender para usar LyX de
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forma eficiente.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Probablemente has acabado consultando este documento porque has intentado
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poner dos espacios despu<70>s de un punto, o tres l<>neas en blanco entre dos
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p<>rrafos.
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Tras mucha frustraci<63>n, has comprobado que no se puede.
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De hecho, descubrir<69>s que la mayor<6F>a de los peque<75>os trucos que estabas
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acostumbrado a usar con otros procesadores de texto no funcionan en LyX.
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La raz<61>n es que la mayor<6F>a de los procesadores de texto que has usado hasta
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ahora necesitaban que el usuario hiciera a mano todo el espaciado, los
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cambios de tipo de letra, etc.
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As<41>, no s<>lo se escrib<69>a el documento, sino que adem<65>s se acababa realizando
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todo el trabajo de formato y composici<63>n.
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LyX realiza este trabajo por t<> de forma consistente, dejando que te centres
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en lo m<>s importante: el contenido del documento.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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As<EFBFBD> pues, ten paciencia con nosotros y sigue leyendo.
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Merece la pena que leas este tutorial.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Qu<EFBFBD>
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\emph on
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es
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\emph default
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este tutorial y qu<71>
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\emph on
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no
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\emph default
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\emph on
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es
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Antes de que empecemos con esta secci<63>n, queremos hacer un peque<75>o apunte.
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El
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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usa la notaci<63>n se<73>alada en la
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\emph on
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Introducci<EFBFBD>n
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\emph default
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.
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Si has llegado a este manual primero, ve y lee la
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\emph on
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Introducci<EFBFBD>n
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\emph default
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.
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S<>, ahora.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Una vez que ya sabes qu<71> significa cada tipo de letra, vamos a hablar un
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poco sobre la finalidad de este
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Para aprovechar al m<>ximo el tutorial
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Este
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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se compone de ejemplos y ejercicios.
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Para obtener el m<>ximo provecho de este documento, deber<65>as leerlo todo,
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tecleando todos los peque<75>os detalles que te vayamos explicando (por simples
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que sean) e intentando hacer todos los ejercicios para comprobar que lo
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entiendes.
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Por comodidad, puede interesarte imprimir la versi<73>n PostScript<70> de este
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documento.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Si est<73>s familiarizado con LaTeX, probablemente podr<64>s leer el
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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m<>s deprisa, ya que muchas de las ideas de LyX son realmente ideas de LaTeX
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disfrazadas.
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No obstante, LyX no tiene peculiaridades
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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o dicho de manera m<>s optimista,
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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caracter<EFBFBD>sticas
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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que tengas que aprender.
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Incluso aunque no te apetezca leer el resto del
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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, har<61>as bien en mirar la secci<63>n
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:latexusers}
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\end_inset
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, que ha sido escrita espec<65>ficamente para usuarios experimentados de LaTeX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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La secci<63>n
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:what-is-lyx}
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\end_inset
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ha quedado sin actualizar de una versi<73>n anterior del
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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, y es un poco general.
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A<>n as<61>, es una buena introducci<63>n
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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panor<EFBFBD>mica
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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a LyX, as<61> que deber<65>as echarle un vistazo para ir haci<63>ndote una idea
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sobre <20>l.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Qu<EFBFBD>
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\emph on
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no
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\emph default
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vas a encontrar
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Las lecciones masticadas y dadas de comer con cuchara.
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Standard
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La tendencia actual
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Nota de
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\noun on
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John
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\noun default
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Weiss: \SpecialChar \ldots{}
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bueno, al menos en Estados Unidos, donde reducimos todo al m<>nimo
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com<6F>n denominador\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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\end_inset
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en la literatura autodidacta inform<72>tica parece ser:
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Se asume que el usuario tiene el coeficiente intelectual de un mosquito
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Nosotros no vamos a hacer eso.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Por otro lado, somos conscientes de que la mayor<6F>a de los usuarios acuden
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a un manual, especialmente a un tutorial, cuando se encuentran perdidos.
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As<41> pues, asumiremos que t<>, el usuario,
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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no
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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eres est<73>pido, pero entenderemos que puedas estar un poco despistado o
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confuso.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2006-01-02 02:29:55 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Instrucciones de c<>mo usar el rat<61>n o el teclado.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si todav<61>a no has aprendido a usar tu ordenador no podemos ayudarte, est<73>
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m<>s all<6C> del alcance de estos manuales.
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Adem<EFBFBD>s de que, si est<73>s usando LyX para empezar, seguramente tienes m<>s
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de medio cerebro en la cabeza.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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2006-01-02 02:29:55 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Explicaci<EFBFBD>n detallada de todas las caracter<65>sticas de LyX.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>Qu<EFBFBD>? <20>quieres la
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dos veces?
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Hablando en serio, nuestro objetivo con este tutorial es prepararte para
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que s<>lo necesites la
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Tratar de duplicar toda la informaci<63>n sobre las caracter<65>sticas de LyX
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aqu<71> ser<65>a redundante, demasiado largo y estar<61>a siempre obsoleto.
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Todo lo que pretendemos es introducir las cosas; como puedes imaginar,
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hay un
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ver
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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al final de cada secci<63>n.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2006-01-02 02:29:55 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Explicaci<EFBFBD>n detallada de LaTeX.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Innecesario.
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Si de verdad tienes curiosidad por aprender algunos de los trucos que puedes
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hacer con LaTeX, siempre puedes conseguir un libro espec<65>fico.
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Hay varios libros buenos sobre el tema en el mercado.
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Despu<70>s de todo, no hay necesidad de volver a inventar la rueda\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2006-01-02 02:29:55 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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As<EFBFBD> pues, esp<73>ritu intr<74>pido, es hora de seguir adelante.
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Puedes hacer una breve excursi<73>n por la siguiente secci<63>n, o puedes continuar
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con la secci<63>n
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:first-doc-ex}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>Qu<EFBFBD> es LyX?
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:what-is-lyx}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Visi<EFBFBD>n general
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Parte del reto inicial de usar LyX surge del cambio en la manera de pensar
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que t<>, el usuario, debes hacer.
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En su momento, todo lo que ten<65>amos para crear documentos eran m<>quinas
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de escribir, as<61> que aprendimos verdaderas artima<6D>as para evitar sus limitacion
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es.
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Subrayar, que es poco m<>s que sobreescribir con el car<61>cter
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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_
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, se convirti<74> en un forma de resaltar texto.
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Para crear una tabla, establec<65>as a mano el ancho de cada columna y pon<6F>as
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las tabulaciones necesarias.
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Lo mismo se aplicaba para cartas y otros textos sangrados a la derecha.
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Adem<65>s, la ruptura de palabras al final de l<>nea requer<65>a ser muy cuidadoso
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y previsor.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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En otras palabras, todos hemos sido entrenados para preocuparnos por los
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peque<75>os detalles de
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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qu<EFBFBD> caracter va en qu<71> lugar
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Como consecuencia, casi todos los procesadores de texto se basan en esta
|
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mentalidad.
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Todav<61>a usan tabuladores para a<>adir espacios en blanco.
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Todav<61>a te tienes que preocupar de en qu<71> parte exacta de la p<>gina saldr<64>
|
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cada cosa.
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Resaltar texto significa cambiar el tipo de letra, similar a cambiar la
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rueda de una m<>quina de escribir.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Aqu<EFBFBD> es donde LyX difiere de un procesador de texto corriente.
|
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No te tienes que preocupar de que una letra vaya en un sitio determinado.
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Le dices a LyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lo que est<73>s haciendo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y <20>l se preocupa de todo lo dem<65>s, siguiendo un conjunto de reglas llamado
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estilo.
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Veamos un peque<75>o ejemplo.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Sup<EFBFBD>n que est<73>s realizando un informe.
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Quieres que comience con una secci<63>n llamada
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Introducci<EFBFBD>n
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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As<41> pues, te diriges a cualquiera que sea el men<65> de tu procesador de texto
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que cambia el tama<6D>o de fuente y eliges un nuevo tama<6D>o.
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Despu<70>s cambias tambi<62>n a negrita.
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Seguidamente escribes:
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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1._Introducci<63>n
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Por supuesto, si m<>s tarde decides que esta secci<63>n pertenece a alguna
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|
otra parte del documento, o bien insertas una nueva secci<63>n anterior a
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<20>sta, tienes que cambiarle la numeraci<63>n a ella y a todas las posteriores,
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adem<65>s de las correspondientes entradas en el <20>ndice.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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En LyX, te diriges a la lista situada a la derecha de todos los botones
|
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y eliges
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Secci<EFBFBD>n
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, y escribes
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Introducci<EFBFBD>n
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Eso es todo.
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Si cortas y pegas la secci<63>n en otra parte, todo es renumerado autom<6F>ticamente.
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Se puede hacer incluso que LyX actualice cualquier referencia a la secci<63>n
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que est<73> dentro del fichero.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Con el procesador de texto tradicional hay problemas de consistencia.
|
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|
Cinco d<>as m<>s tarde, abres tu informe y comienzas la secci<63>n 4.
|
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Sin embargo, has olvidado que estabas usando la letra en negrita de 18
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puntos, y usas la de 16, as<61> que acabas escribiendo el encabezado de la
|
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|
secci<63>n 4 con un tipo de letra distinto al que usaste para la secci<63>n 1.
|
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Este problema ni siquiera existe en LyX.
|
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|
El ordenador se encarga de todo el tedioso trabajo de llevar la cuenta
|
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de tama<6D>os y fuentes, no t<>.
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Al fin y al cabo, para eso est<73> hecho.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Otro ejemplo.
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|
Sup<75>n que est<73>s haciendo una lista.
|
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|
En otros procesadores de texto una lista es s<>lo una mera secuencia de
|
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tabuladores y saltos de l<>nea.
|
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|
Necesitas pensar d<>nde poner la etiqueta de cada elemento de la lista,
|
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|
qu<71> debe ser esa etiqueta, cu<63>ntas l<>neas en blanco hay que poner entre
|
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|
cada elemento, etc.
|
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|
Con LyX, s<>lo tienes dos preocupaciones: qu<71> clase de lista es, y qu<71> vas
|
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|
a poner en ella.
|
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Eso es todo.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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As<EFBFBD> pues, la idea esencial detr<74>s de LyX es especificar lo que se est<73> haciendo,
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no c<>mo hacerlo.
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En lugar de un procesador
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lo que ves es lo que obtienes
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(WYSIWIG, What You See Is What You Get), el modelo de LyX es
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lo que ves es lo que quieres decir
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(WYSIWIM, What You See Is What You Mean).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Diferencias entre LyX y los procesadores de texto usuales
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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No, no estamos intentando empezar (o ganar) una guerra santa.
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Pero pensamos que es importante describir las caracter<65>sticas de LyX, y
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una de las principales, WYSIWIM, es un concepto radicalmente diferente
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del que el 99% de la gente tiene del proceso de texto.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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He aqu<71> una lista de cosas que no encontrar<61>s en LyX:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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La regla (para medir m<>rgenes)
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabuladores
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacios en blanco adicionales (i.e.
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pulsar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Intro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dos o m<>s veces)
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Los tabuladores, as<61> como la regla (que te muestra la posici<63>n de cada elemento
|
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en la p<>gina), son in<69>tiles en LyX.
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El programa se preocupa de d<>nde tiene que ir cada cosa, no t<>.
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Con los espacios en blanco adicionales ocurre lo mismo; LyX los a<>ade conforme
|
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son necesarios, seg<65>n el contexto.
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Al principio puede resultar molesto no poder escribir dos l<>neas en blanco
|
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seguidas, pero cobra mucho m<>s sentido una vez que empiezas a pensar en
|
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t<>rminos WYSIWYM.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Y aqu<71> tienes algunas cosas que presenta LyX pero que no se usan como podr<64>as
|
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|
pensar:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Controles de sangrado
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Saltos de p<>gina
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Espaciado entre l<>neas (i.e.
|
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|
espaciado simple, doble, etc.)
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio en blanco, horizontal y vertical
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tipos de letra y tama<6D>o
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Estilo de letra (negrita, cursiva, subrayado, etc.)
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Aunque aparecen en LyX, no se necesitan normalmente.
|
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|
|
|
El programa se preocupa de estas cosas por t<>, actuando en consecuencia
|
|
|
|
|
seg<65>n lo que est<73>s haciendo.
|
|
|
|
|
Diferentes partes del documento son autom<6F>ticamente puestas en diferente
|
|
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|
|
tama<6D>o y estilo.
|
|
|
|
|
El sangrado de cada p<>rrafo es dependiente del contexto; cada tipo de p<>rrafo
|
|
|
|
|
se sangra de manera diferente.
|
|
|
|
|
Los saltos de p<>gina se manejan tambi<62>n de forma autom<6F>tica.
|
|
|
|
|
En general, el espacio entre l<>neas, entre palabras y entre p<>rrafos es
|
|
|
|
|
variable, elegido por LyX.
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Se pueden ajustar todas estas caracter<65>sticas (s<>lo el ajuste de unas pocas
|
|
|
|
|
requiere conocimientos de LaTeX), tanto para todo el documento como para
|
|
|
|
|
una parte concreta.
|
|
|
|
|
Ver Gu<47>a del Usuario para m<>s detalles.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Por <20>ltimo, <20>stas son las <20>reas en las que LyX (y LaTeX) sobrepasan a muchos
|
|
|
|
|
procesadores de texto:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Separaci<EFBFBD>n de palabras a final de l<>nea
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
Listas de cualquier tipo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Matem<EFBFBD>ticas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Tablas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
Referencias cruzadas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Por supuesto, muchos procesadores de texto modernos manejan s<>mbolos matem<65>ticos
|
|
|
|
|
, tablas, separaci<63>n de palabras a final de l<>nea, e incluso comienzan a
|
|
|
|
|
aproximarse a las definiciones de estilo y el concepto WYSIWYM.
|
|
|
|
|
Sin embargo, acaban de empezar a incluir estas caracter<65>sticas, mientras
|
|
|
|
|
que LyX est<73> construido sobre el sistema de proceso de documentos LaTeX.
|
|
|
|
|
<20>ste lleva m<>s de 10 a<>os con ellas, y
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
funciona
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
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|
|
Todos los errores han sido subsanados hace tiempo.
|
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|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
De acuerdo, nada es perfecto, pero LaTeX es lo m<>s cercano a un programa
|
|
|
|
|
libre de errores que se puede conseguir.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
<EFBFBD>Qu<EFBFBD> diablos es LaTeX?
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
LaTeX es un sistema de preparaci<63>n de documentos dise<73>ado por Leslie Lamport
|
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|
|
en 1985.
|
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|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
La informaci<63>n de esta secci<63>n ha sido extra<72>da de
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
A Guide to LaTeX2e
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
|
, de Helmut Kopka y Patrick Daly, documento incluido en la bibliograf<61>a
|
|
|
|
|
de la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Fue construido gradualmente sobre un lenguaje de composici<63>n de documentos
|
|
|
|
|
llamado TeX, creado por Donald Knuth en 1984.
|
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|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
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|
TeX
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
se pronuncia como
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
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|
|
blech
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
en ingl<67>s
|
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|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
El ruido que se hace cuando se come algo con mal sabor, especialmente los
|
|
|
|
|
ni<6E>os peque<75>os cuando no les gusta la comida.
|
|
|
|
|
(N.
|
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|
del T.)
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Sin embargo, muchos no comprenden qu<71> es exactamente.
|
|
|
|
|
TeX toma una secuencia de <20>rdenes de composici<63>n escritos en un fichero
|
|
|
|
|
ASCII, y los ejecuta.
|
|
|
|
|
Es m<>s complicado que una m<>quina de escribir, pero sin llegar a la especializa
|
|
|
|
|
ci<EFBFBD>n y complejidad de una aut<75>ntica imprenta.
|
|
|
|
|
En cualquier caso, produce como salida un fichero de formato llamado
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
independiente de dispositivo
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, o
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
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\family default
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para abreviar.
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El fichero
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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puede ser le<6C>do depu<70>s por otro programa que acepte este formato, o convertido
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a otros formatos, como PostScript<70>.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si no tuviera m<>s caracter<65>stica que <20>sta, ser<65>a un mero motor de composici<63>n.
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Sin embargo, TeX tambi<62>n permite definir macros.
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Aqu<71> es donde comienza la acci<63>n.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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La mayor<6F>a de la gente que usa TeX est<73> usando realmente un conjunto de
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macros que Knuth cre<72> para ocultar muchos de los detalles de composici<63>n.
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Esto es en lo que piensa la gente cuando habla de TeX.
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Los usuarios normales no trabajan con TeX puro, un esqueleto desnudo formado
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<20>nicamente por comandos de composici<63>n.
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S<>lo aqu<71>llos que crean conjuntos de macros lo hacen.
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Y aqu<71> es donde Leslie Lamport entra en nuestra historia.
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<20>l quer<65>a macros que fueran m<>s orientadas al usuario y menos a la composici<63>n,
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un conjunto de comandos que sirvieran para componer secciones, tablas o
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f<>rmulas matem<65>ticas de una forma consistente y uniforme, sin demasiadas
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complicaciones.
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As<41> naci<63> LaTeX.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ahora, de manera simult<6C>nea al desarrollo y crecimiento de LaTeX, otras
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personas est<73>n creando sus propios paquetes personalizados de macros para
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TeX, algunos para realizar trabajos en publicaciones matem<65>ticas y cosas
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as<61>.
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Unos usaron TeX directamente, otros comenzaron a modificar LaTeX.
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Para tratar de unificar este l<>o, un equipo de expertos en LaTeX (incluyendo
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a Lamport, por supuesto), empezaron a trabajar en LaTeX2e, la versi<73>n actual
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del programa, a finales de los ochenta.
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Esta nueva versi<73>n posee comandos que proporcionan una interfaz m<>s f<>cil
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para la creaci<63>n de macros, ayuda para usar las nuevas fuentes, y m<>s mejoras.
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De hecho, LaTeX es en s<> mismo un vasto lenguaje por derecho propio.
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Usuarios de todo el mundo han estado creando sus propios a<>adidos para
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LaTeX, adem<65>s de los est<73>ndar.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Existen dos formas de extender LaTeX: las clases y los estilos.
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Una
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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clase
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es un conjunto de macros de LaTeX (y de TeX) que describen un nuevo tipo
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de documento, como un libro o un art<72>culo.
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Hay clases para transparencias, para publicaciones de f<>sica y matem<65>ticas\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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<20>algunas universidades tienen incluso una clase para su propio formato
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de tesis! Un
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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estilo,
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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a diferencia de una clase, no define un nuevo tipo de documento, sino un
|
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nuevo tipo de
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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comportamiento
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, que puede ser utilizado por cualquier documento.
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Por ejemplo, LyX controla los m<>rgenes de p<>gina y el espaciado entre l<>neas
|
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usando dos ficheros de estilo diferentes de LaTeX, dise<73>ados para este
|
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fin.
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|
Hay ficheros de estilo para gran cantidad de cosas: imprimir etiquetas
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o sobres, cambiar el sangrado normal del texto, a<>adir nuevos tipos de
|
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|
letra, manipular gr<67>ficos, dise<73>ar elaborados encabezados de p<>gina, personaliz
|
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ar bibliograf<61>as, alterar la posici<63>n y apariencia de notas a pie de p<>gina,
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tablas y figuras, personalizar listas, etc, etc.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Aqu<EFBFBD> tienes un resumen:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout List
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
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|
|
TeX: Lenguaje de composici<63>n con capacidad para uso y creaci<63>n de macros.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout List
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
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|
LaTeX: Paquete de macros construido sobre TeX\SpecialChar \@.
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout List
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
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|
clases: Descripciones de un tipo de documento, usando LaTeX\SpecialChar \@.
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout List
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
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|
estilos: Alteran alg<6C>n aspecto del comportamiento normal de LaTeX.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout List
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
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|
|
LyX: Procesador de texto visual, WYSIWYM, que usa toda la potencia de LaTeX
|
|
|
|
|
para realizar el trabajo de composici<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
La idea de esta secci<63>n ha sido tratar de explicarte
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
por qu<71>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
LyX funciona de manera diferente a otros procesadores de texto.
|
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|
|
La raz<61>n es simple: usa LaTeX como motor de composici<63>n.
|
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|
|
Como este <20>ltimo, se centra en el contexto de tu escritura
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
(lo que
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
est<73>s escribiendo).
|
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El ordenador se encarga entonces de c<>mo debe aparecer.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Ah, una cosa m<>s.
|
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|
|
LaTeX se pronuncia como TeX.
|
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|
Rima con
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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hey blech
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Estos detalles de pronunciaci<63>n no son relevantes para hispanohablantes.
|
|
|
|
|
TeX, LaTeX y LyX tienen pronunciaci<63>n directa en espa<70>ol (N.
|
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|
|
del T.)
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Lamport, sin embargo, dice en su libro que
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
lay
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
-tecks tambi<62>n es posible
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
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|
Por otro lado,
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
LyX
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
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|
se pronuncia como
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
|
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|
licks
|
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
,
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
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|
|
lucks
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
o
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
looks
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, dependiendo de la pronunciaci<63>n de cada pa<70>s\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
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|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Chapter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Empezando con LyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tu primer documento LyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:first-doc-ex}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Muy bien\SpecialChar \@.
|
|
|
|
|
Ya est<73>s listo para empezar a escribir.
|
|
|
|
|
Sin embargo, antes de que lo hagas hay un par de cosas que debemos decir,
|
|
|
|
|
y que esperamos har<61>n el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tutorial
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
m<>s instructivo, <20>til y divertido.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Como hay mucha informaci<63>n que no te vamos a dar aqu<71>, lo primero que tienes
|
|
|
|
|
que hacer es encontrar los otros ficheros de ayuda.
|
|
|
|
|
Afortunadamente, esto es muy simple.
|
|
|
|
|
Arranca LyX.
|
|
|
|
|
Elige la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
en el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
A
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
y
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
uda
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Tambi<62>n puedes cargar el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tutorial
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(si es que no lo est<73>s leyendo ya desde ah<61>).
|
|
|
|
|
De esta forma, puedes leerlos mientras escribes tu propio fichero
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tambi<EFBFBD>n pueden servir como buenos ejemplos de uso de las caracter<65>sticas
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de LyX.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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Ten en cuenta que, una vez que tienes m<>s de un documento abierto, puedes
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usar el men<65>
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\family sans
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D
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\bar default
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ocumentos
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para alternar entre ellos.
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El
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tutorial
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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no va a cubrir en detalle aquellos temas que sean tratados en otros manuales
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de LyX.
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Esto puede complicarte la vida al principio, pero evita que el
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tutorial
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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se haga muy extenso.
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Te acostumbrar<61> tambi<62>n a usar los dem<65>s manuales, lo cual ---a largo plazo---
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te ahorar<61> mucho tiempo.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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En este
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, vamos a asumir que tienes instalada una versi<73>n de LyX funcionando perfectamen
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te, as<61> como LaTeX,
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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xdvi
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o cualquier otro visor de ficheros dvi,
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\family typewriter
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dvips
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o alguna otra forma de convertir documentos
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\family typewriter
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dvi
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\family default
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a PostScript<70>, y una impresora.
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Esto es asumir mucho.
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Si alguna de estas condiciones no se cumple, t<> mismo deber<65>s configurar
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aquello que falte (o bien tu administrador del sistema).
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Encontrar<61>s informaci<63>n sobre configuraci<63>n en otros manuales.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Finalmente, hemos preparado un fichero para que practiques tus habilidades
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con LyX en <20>l.
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Se llama
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\family typewriter
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
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\family default
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.
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Imagina que fue escrito por alguien que no conoce ninguna de las magn<67>ficas
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caracter<65>sticas de LyX.
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Conforme vayas aprendiendo nuevas funciones te iremos sugiriendo que corrijas
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las partes correspondientes del fichero
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\family typewriter
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Adem<65>s, contiene
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sutiles
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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trucos sobre c<>mo arreglar las cosas
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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Los trucos se encuentran en
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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notas
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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amarillas.
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Puedes leerlas pulsado con el rat<61>n sobre ellas.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Si quieres hacer trampa (o comprobar lo que has hecho), hay tambi<62>n un
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fichero llamado
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_con_lyx.lyx
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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que contiene el mismo texto, pero escrito por un experto en LyX.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Los ficheros de ejemplo se pueden encontrar en el directorio
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\family typewriter
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examples/
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, que puedes conseguir seleccionando
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\family sans
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\bar under
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A
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\bar default
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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\bar under
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A
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\bar default
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brir
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y pulsando el bot<6F>n
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\family sans
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Ejemplos
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Abre el documento sin procesar (
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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), y usa el men<65>
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Guardar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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omo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para guardar una copia en tu propio directorio para que puedas trabajar
|
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con <20>l.
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Conforme vayas arreglando el documento, comprueba c<>mo los cambios afectan
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a la salida dvi (
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Ver dvi
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Por cierto, el directorio
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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examples/
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
contiene muchos otros ficheros de ejemplo que te ense<73>ar<61>n c<>mo hacer con
|
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|
LyX algunas cosas bastante elaboradas.
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Son especialmente <20>tiles para mostrar aquello que no cabr<62>a en la documentaci<63>n
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(por su extensi<73>n u otras razones).
|
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Despu<70>s de leer el
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tutorial
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, o cuando est<73>s confundido a la hora de hacer algo complicado con LyX,
|
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echa un ojeada a estos ficheros.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Escribiendo, viendo e imprimiendo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Abre un fichero nuevo con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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N
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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uevo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Escribe una frase:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>Este es mi primer documento LyX!
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\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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De acuerdo.
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Realmente puedes escribir lo que quieras.
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No importa.
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Nos disculpamos por la estupidez de esta frase, y de todas las que te vamos
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a pedir que escribas de aqu<71> en adelante.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Guarda el documento con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Guardar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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omo\SpecialChar \@.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejecuta LaTeX para crear un fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Ver dvi
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\SpecialChar \@.
|
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|
Puedes ver que se imprimen algunas l<>neas en la ventana desde la que has
|
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ejecutado el comando lyx.
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Se trata de mensajes de LaTeX, que por ahora puedes ignorar.
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LyX lanzar<61> el programa
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(o alg<6C>n otro visualizador de ficheros
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), que abrir<69> una nueva ventana mostr<74>ndote el aspecto de tu documento cuando
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Puedes ahorrar tiempo dejando que
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(o restaurarla) cuando LaTeX termine de ejecutarse.
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Imprime con
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Im
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rimir
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y pulsa
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OK\SpecialChar \@.
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\begin_layout Standard
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<EFBFBD>Enhorabuena! Has escrito e impreso tu primer documento LyX.
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Todo lo dem<65>s son detalles, a cubrir por el resto del
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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, la
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\emph on
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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y el
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\emph on
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Manual de Referencia
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Operaciones sencillas
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\begin_layout Standard
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Por supuesto, LyX puede realizar la mayor<6F>a de las cosas a las que est<73>s
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acostumbrado con tu procesador de texto.
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Separar<61> las palabras y justificar<61> los p<>rrafos autom<6F>ticamente.
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Basta que accedas a un par de men<65>s
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Si eres como tantos usuarios de
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unix
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, lo habr<62>s hecho ya mucho antes de empezar a leer el
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\emph on
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Tutorial
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\emph default
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\end_inset
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para que veas c<>mo la mayor parte de los comandos simples (i.e.,
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Salir,
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Im
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\bar default
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rimir)
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tienen los nombres que esperas que tengan, est<73>n en el men<65> donde esperas
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que est<73>n, y funcionan tal y como esperas que funcionen.
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A continuaci<63>n tienes una descripci<63>n r<>pida de c<>mo realizar algunas acciones
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sencillas.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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Deshacer LyX tiene capacidad para
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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deshacer infinitas veces
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, lo que significa que puedes deshacer todo lo que lo que hayas hecho desde
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que empezaste la sesi<73>n actual, aplicando una y otra vez
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Deshacer
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Si deshaces demasiado, elige simplemente
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ehacer
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para recuperar los cambios.
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Actualmente, el comando deshacer est<73>
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\emph on
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limitado a 100 pasos.
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Tampoco funciona
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\emph on
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para todo
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(por ejemplo, en los cambios de formato de documento).
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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Cortar/Pegar/Copiar Utiliza
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ortar
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egar
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, y
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piar
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para cortar, pegar y copiar.
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O pega autom<6F>ticamente el texto seleccionado con el bot<6F>n central del rat<61>n.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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Buscar/Reemplazar Utiliza
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Reemplazar
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para realizar una b<>squeda sensible a las may<61>sculas.
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En el men<65> que se despliega a tal efecto, puedes desplazarte hacia delante
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y hacia atr<74>s en la b<>squeda mediante las flechas, y reemplazar aquellas
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palabras que hayas encontrado con el bot<6F>n
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\family sans
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R
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\bar default
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eemplazar
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\family default
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.
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Cierra la ventana cuando hayas acabado, o d<>jala abierta si lo encuentras
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m<>s conveniente.
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La mayor<6F>a de los men<65>s contextuales de LyX (incluyendo los de
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\family sans
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\bar under
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B
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\bar default
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uscar\InsetSpace ~
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y\InsetSpace ~
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Reemplazar, <20>ndice\InsetSpace ~
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Gener
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\bar under
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a
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\bar default
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l
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\family default
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y
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\family sans
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\bar under
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F
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\family default
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\bar default
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ormato, as<61> como los de matem<65>ticas) son ventanas que pueden ser apartadas,
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en vez de cerradas.
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Unos pocos men<65>s como
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\family sans
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\bar under
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A
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\bar default
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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\bar under
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A
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\bar default
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brir
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\family default
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, no te dejar<61>n escribir nada en la ventana principal hasta que los cierres.
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Aseg<65>rate de que el foco est<73> en la ventana correcta cuando est<73>s tratando
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escribir en la ventana principal de LyX o introduciendo un comando en alguna
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ventana de di<64>logo.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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Formato\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
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caracteres Puedes
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\emph on
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resaltar
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\emph default
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texto (lo que normalmente significa poner los caracteres en cursiva), ponerlo
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en
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\series bold
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negrita
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\series default
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, o en
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\noun on
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Estilo Nombre
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\noun default
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(habitualmente en min<69>sculas, para nombres propios de personas) desde los
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botones interruptor en el men<65>
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\family sans
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\bar under
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F
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\bar default
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ormato
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\family default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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Barra\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
|
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herramientas Sus botones (justo debajo de los men<65>s) te permiten
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realizar las funciones m<>s usuales, como
|
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\family sans
|
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Pegar
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\family default
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e
|
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\family sans
|
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Imprimir
|
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\family default
|
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.
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Si mantienes el cursor del rat<61>n sobre alguno de los botones de la barra,
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una peque<75>a nota amarilla te informar<61> sobre la funci<63>n concreta del bot<6F>n.
|
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
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Minibuffer
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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La franja gris en la parte de abajo de la ventana de LyX recibe el nombre
|
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de
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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minibuffer
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Se encarga de mostrarte toda clase de informaci<63>n <20>til.
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Por ejemplo, cuando guardas, te dice el nombre del fichero que acabas de
|
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guardar.
|
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|
Tambi<62>n muestra algunos mensajes de error.
|
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|
Observa que puedes escribir en <20>l.
|
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|
Esto te ofrece una gran funcionalidad, incluyendo la posibilidad de estropear
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el documento.
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En otras palabras, no escribas en el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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minibuffer
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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a menos que sepas lo que est<73>s haciendo.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Por supuesto, todav<61>a no has escrito suficiente para encontrar <20>tiles todas
|
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estas funciones.
|
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|
Conforme vayas escribiendo m<>s, prueba a deshacer, copiar, pegar, etc.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
|
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WYSIWYM: el espacio en blanco en LyX
|
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:whitespace}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Una de las cosas m<>s dif<69>ciles para los nuevos usuarios es acostumbrarse
|
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a la forma en que LyX maneja el espacio en blanco.
|
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|
Por mucho que pulses
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Retorno de carro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, s<>lo conseguir<69>s una <20>nica l<>nea en blanco.
|
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|
Por mucho que pulses la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Barra espaciadora
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, s<>lo conseguir<69>s un <20>nico espacio en blanco.
|
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|
En una l<>nea vac<61>a LyX no te dejar<61> poner ni siquiera un espacio.
|
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|
|
El
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
no te adelantar<61> ning<6E>n espacio, <20>de hecho no hay tabulaci<63>n! Tampoco hay
|
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|
|
ninguna regla en la parte superior de la p<>gina que te permita definir
|
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tabulaciones o m<>rgenes.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Muchos procesadores de texto comerciales est<73>n basados en el principio WYSIWYG:
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
lo que ves es lo que obtienes
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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LyX, por el contrario, est<73> basado en el principio
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lo que ves es lo que quieres decir
|
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Escribes lo que quieres decir, y LyX se preocupar<61> de la composici<63>n por
|
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|
t<> para que el resultado final quede bien.
|
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|
Un
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Retorno de carro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
gramaticalmente separa p<>rrafos, y de la misma forma un
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
separa palabras, as<61> que no hay ninguna raz<61>n para poner varios seguidos;
|
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|
un
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
no tiene funci<63>n gramatical alguna, as<61> que LyX no los usa.
|
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|
|
Con LyX emplear<61>s m<>s tiempo en el contenido del documento, y menos en
|
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|
|
la forma.
|
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|
Ver Secci<63>n
|
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|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:what-is-lyx}
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
para m<>s informaci<63>n sobre el concepto WYSIWYM.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
LyX tiene (muchas) formas de ajustar al detalle el formato del documento.
|
|
|
|
|
Despu<70>s de todo, podr<64>a no imprimirse exactamente lo que quer<65>as decir.
|
|
|
|
|
La
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
contiene informaci<63>n sobre eso.
|
|
|
|
|
Incluye espaciado vertical y horizontal ---mucho m<>s potentes y vers<72>tiles
|
|
|
|
|
que m<>ltiples espacios o l<>neas en blanco--- y formas de cambiar tama<6D>o
|
|
|
|
|
y estilo de letra y alineaci<63>n de p<>rrafos a mano.
|
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|
La idea es que puedas escribir todo el documento concentr<74>ndote en el contenido
|
|
|
|
|
, y solamente te preocupes de ajustar los detalles al final.
|
|
|
|
|
Con los procesadores de texto convencionales, el formato te distrae continuamen
|
|
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|
te.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Entornos
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Las diferentes partes de un documento tienen prop<6F>sitos diferentes; llamaremos
|
|
|
|
|
a estas partes
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
entornos
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
La mayor parte del documento est<73> formada por texto normal.
|
|
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|
|
Los t<>tulos de secci<63>n (cap<61>tulos, subsecciones, etc.) permiten al lector
|
|
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|
|
saber que se va a tratar un nuevo concepto o idea.
|
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|
Ciertos tipos de documentos tienen entornos especiales.
|
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Un art<72>tculo de peri<72>dico tendr<64> un resumen y un t<>tulo.
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Una carta no tendr<64> nada de eso, pero probablemente contendr<64> un entorno
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para la direcci<63>n del remitente.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Los entornos son una parte importante en la filosof<6F>a
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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lo que ves es lo que quieres decir
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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de LyX.
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Un entorno dado puede requerir un cierto estilo o tama<6D>o de letra, sangrado,
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espaciado y otras caracter<65>sticas.
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Este problema se agrava cuando el formato exacto de un entorno puede cambiar:
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un peri<72>dico puede usar letra en negrita, de 18 puntos con p<>rrafos centrados
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para los t<>tulos, mientras que otros pueden usar p<>rrafos justificados
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con letra cursiva de 15 puntos; idiomas distintos pueden tener diferentes
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convenios para el sangrado; y los formatos de bibliograf<61>a pueden variar
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ampliamente.
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LyX te evita tener que aprender todos los diferentes estilos de formato.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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La caja de
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Entorno
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\family default
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se sit<69>a al final a la izquierda en la barra de herramientas (justo debajo
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del men<65>
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A
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rchivo
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\family default
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).
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Indica qu<71> entorno est<73>s usando en cada momento.
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Mientras escrib<69>as tu primer documento, dec<65>a
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Standard
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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(normal), que es el entorno por defecto para texto.
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Ahora vas a usar varios entornos en el nuevo documento para que puedas
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ver c<>mo funcionan.
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Lo har<61>s con el men<65>
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Entorno,
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\family default
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que puedes abrir pulsando sobre el icono con
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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la flecha hacia abajo
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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justo a la derecha de la caja de
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Entorno.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Secciones y subsecciones
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Escribe la palabra
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\family typewriter
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Introducci<EFBFBD>n
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\family default
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en la primera l<>nea de tu fichero LyX, y elige
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\family sans
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Section
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\family default
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(secci<63>n) en el men<65> de entorno
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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No tienes que seleccionar la l<>nea.
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Si no hay nada seleccionado, LyX cambia el p<>rrafo en el que est<73>s escribiendo
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ahora al entorno elegido.
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Alternativamente, puedes cambiar varios p<>rrafos seleccion<6F>ndolos antes
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de elegir el nuevo entorno.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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LyX numera la secci<63>n como
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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1
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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y escribe el encabezado (t<>tulo ) en un tipo de letra mayor (por supuesto,
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el encabezado aparecer<65> de esta forma en el fichero
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\family typewriter
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dvi
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\family default
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y en el documento impreso).
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Ahora pulsa
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Retorno de carro.
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\family default
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Observa que la caja de entorno cambia de
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Section
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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a
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Standard
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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.
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Se asume que los t<>tulos de secci<63>n, como muchos entornos, terminan cuando
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introduces un
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\family sans
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Retorno de carro
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Ver
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\emph on
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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\emph default
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para poder escribir t<>tulos de m<>s de una l<>nea.
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Desde luego, el entorno
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Standard
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\family default
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puede continuar a lo largo de varios p<>rrafos.
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Los entornos de listas (ver m<>s adelante) tampoco terminan con
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\family sans
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Retorno de carro.
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\family default
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Siempre puedes saber el entorno en el que est<73>s mirando la caja de
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\family sans
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Entorno.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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\family default
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Escribe la introducci<63>n del documento:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Esto es una introducci<63>n a mi primer documento LyX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Pulsa
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\family sans
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Retorno de carro
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\family default
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otra vez, y elige de nuevo
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\family sans
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Section
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\family default
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en el men<65> entorno.
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LyX escribe un
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y espera que intoduzcas un t<>tulo.
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Escribe
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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M<EFBFBD>s cosas
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, y ver<65>s que de nuevo lo establece como t<>tulo de secci<63>n.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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La cosa mejora.
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Ve al final de la secci<63>n 1 otra vez (tras
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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mi primer documento LyX
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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), pulsa
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\family sans
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Retorno de carro
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\family default
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, y selecciona
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\family sans
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Section
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en el men<65>
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\family sans
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Entorno
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Una vez m<>s, LyX escribe
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y espera a que introduzcas un t<>tulo.
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Escribe
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Acerca de este documento
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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La secci<63>n
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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M<EFBFBD>s cosas
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, que antes era la secci<63>n 2, <20>ha sido autom<6F>ticamente renumerada a secci<63>n
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3! De una forma verdaderamente WYSIWYM, s<>lo necesitas identificar los
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t<>tulos de las distintas partes de que se compone el texto, y LyX se encarga
|
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de la numeraci<63>n de secciones y su formato.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Pulsa
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Retorno de carro
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\family default
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para volver al entorno
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\family sans
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Standard
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\family default
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y escribe las siguientes cinco l<>neas:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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Secciones y subsecciones se describen m<>s adelante.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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Descripci<EFBFBD>n de secci<63>n
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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Las secciones son mayores que las subsecciones.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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Descripci<EFBFBD>n de subsecci<63>n
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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Las subsecciones son menores que las secciones.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Col<EFBFBD>cate en la segunda l<>nea y elige
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\family sans
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Subsection
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\family default
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(subsecci<63>n) en el men<65>
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\family sans
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Entorno
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\family default
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.
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LyX numera la secci<63>n como
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2.1
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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, y la escribe con un tama<6D>o de letra mayor que el de texto regular pero
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menor que el de un t<>tulo de secci<63>n.
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Cambia tambi<62>n el entorno de la cuarta l<>nea a
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\family sans
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Subsection
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\family default
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.
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Como probablemente esperabas, LyX la numera autom<6F>ticamente como secci<63>n
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2.2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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.
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Si pones una secci<63>n m<>s antes de la secci<63>n 2, <20>sta ser<65> renumerada como
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secci<63>n 3, y sus subsecciones corespondientes como
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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3.1
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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3.2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Niveles m<>s profundos de secci<63>n son la subsubsecci<63>n (
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
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Subsubsection
|
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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), el p<>rrafo (
|
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\family sans
|
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Paragraph
|
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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), y el subp<62>rrafo (
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Subparagraph
|
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
|
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Dejaremos que juegues t<> mismo con ellos.
|
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|
Notar<61>s que los t<>tulos de p<>rrafo y de subp<62>rrafo no est<73>n numerados por
|
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defecto, y que los subp<62>rrafos est<73>n sangrados; ver
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
para cambiar esto.
|
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|
Los encabezados de cap<61>tulo (
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Chapter
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
) son realmente el nivel m<>s alto de la jerarqu<71>a, por encima de las secciones,
|
|
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|
|
pero solamente se pueden utilizar en ciertos tipos (clases) de documentos
|
|
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|
(ver Secci<63>n
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|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:textclasses}
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Finalmente, puede que quieras usar secciones y subsecciones sin numerar.
|
|
|
|
|
Existen entornos para esto tambi<62>n.
|
|
|
|
|
Si cambias uno de los encabezados de secci<63>n al entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Section*
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
(puede que tengas que bajar en el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
para encontralo), LyX usar<61> el mismo tama<6D>o de letra que en las secciones
|
|
|
|
|
normales, pero no la numerar<61>.
|
|
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|
|
Tambi<62>n est<73>n los entornos
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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no numerados
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
correspondientes a
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Subsection
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Subsubsection
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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.
|
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|
|
Intenta cambiar alguna de tus secciones o subsecciones a entornos no numerados,
|
|
|
|
|
y comprueba c<>mo los dem<65>s n<>meros de secci<63>n se actualizan.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
: Arregla los encabezados de secci<63>n y subsecci<63>n del fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Listas y sublistas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
LyX tiene diferentes entornos para componer listas.
|
|
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|
|
Los variados entornos de listas te evitan tener que pulsar el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
un mill<6C>n de veces cuando est<73>s escribiendo un esquema, o de renumerar
|
|
|
|
|
toda la lista cuando quieres a<>adir un nuevo punto en mitad de ella.
|
|
|
|
|
As<41> puedes concentrarte en el contenido de la lista
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
S<EFBFBD>, estamos recalcando una y otra vez este punto a lo largo de todo el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tutorial
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
.
|
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|
Pero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
es
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
la principal filosof<6F>a de LyX, as<61> que por favor, disc<73>lpanos.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
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|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Distintos tipos de documentos requieren, l<>gicamente, entornos de lista
|
|
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|
|
diferentes:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Una exposici<63>n de diapositivas podr<64>a usar las listas simples (etiquetadas
|
|
|
|
|
con bolos) del entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Itemize
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
para describir los diferentes puntos.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Un esquema usar<61>a las listas numeradas (y sublistas etiquetadas con letras)
|
|
|
|
|
del entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Enumerate
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(enumeraci<63>n).
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Un documento que describa varios paquetes de software usar<61>a el entorno
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Description
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(descripci<63>n), en el que cada elemento de la lista comienza con una palabra
|
|
|
|
|
en negrita.
|
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|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
El entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
List
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(que no existe en LaTeX) es ligeramente diferente al entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Description
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Vamos a escribir una lista de razones por las que LyX es mejor que otros
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procesadores de texto.
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En cualquier parte de tu documento escribe:
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX es mejor que otros procesadores de texto porque:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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y pulsa
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\family sans
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Retorno de carro
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\family default
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.
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Ahora elige
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\family sans
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Itemize
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\family default
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en el men<65> de
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\family sans
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Entorno
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\family default
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.
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LyX pondr<64> un bolo (realmente un asterisco, que se convertir<69> en un c<>rculo
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en la salida final) en la l<>nea.
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Introduce tus razones:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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LyX realiza la composici<63>n por t<>.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Las matem<65>ticas son WYSIWYG
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>Las listas son muy f<>ciles de crear!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Los entornos de listas, al contrario que los encabezados, no terminan cuando
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introduces un
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Retorno de carro
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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En vez de eso, LyX asume que vas a introducir el siguiente elemento de
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la lista.
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La anterior resultar<61> ser una lista de tres elementos.
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Si deseas m<>s de un p<>rrafo en un solo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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elemento
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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de la lista, una forma de conseguirlo es mediante un
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Retorno de carro protegido
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, pulsando
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\family sans
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C-Retorno de carro
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Para salir de la lista tienes que volver a seleccionar el entorno
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Standard
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(o usar la combinaci<63>n de teclas
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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M-p\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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s
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Has conseguido una bonita lista simple.
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Puedes ejecutar LaTeX para ver c<>mo aparece en la salida impresa.
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Pero, <20>y si quer<65>as numerar las razones? Bien, simplemente selecciona toda
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la lista
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX no te dejar<61> seleccionar el primer bolo a menos que selecciones el p<>rrafo
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anterior a la lista, que probablemente no es lo que quieres hacer.
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De forma similar, no puedes seleccionar el n<>mero en el t<>tulo de una secci<63>n.
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No te preocupes de eso.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y elige el entorno
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Enumerate
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en el men<65>.
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<20>Incre<72>ble! Como ya dijimos, si a<>ades o borras un elemento de la lista,
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LyX arregla la numeraci<63>n.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Mientras la lista est<73> selecionada, puedes cambiar a los otros dos entornos,
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Description
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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List
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, para ver c<>mo son.
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Para ambos, cada elemento de la lista est<73> compuesto por un t<>rmino, que
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es la primera palabra del elemento, seguido de una definici<63>n, que es el
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resto del p<>rrafo (hasta que pulses
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Retorno de carro
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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El t<>rmino se escribe en negrita (
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Description
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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) o separado por un
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabulador
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Pero un tabulador de composici<63>n, que cambiar<61> para ajustarse al tama<6D>o
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del mayor t<>rmino de la lista, no un r<>gido, inmutable y pat<61>tico
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabulador
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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de m<>quina de escribir.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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List
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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) del resto del p<>rrafo.
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Si quieres m<>s de una palabra en el t<>rmino, separa las palabras con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Espacios\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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protegidos
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, que se obtienen al pulsar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C-Espacio
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y aparecen como peque<75>as
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ues
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rosas.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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: Escribe correctamente la lista en el fichero
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Puedes anidar listas unas dentro de otras en toda clase de formas interesantes.
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Un ejemplo ser<65>a escribir esquemas.
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Las listas simples y numeradas tendr<64>n diferentes tipos de bolos y diferente
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numeraci<63>n en las sublistas.
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Ver
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para los detalles de los distintos tipos de listas, as<61> como ejemplos de
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c<>mo usar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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mucho
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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anidamiento.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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M<EFBFBD>s entornos: estrofas, citas y otros
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Hay dos entornos para separar las citas del texto que las rodea:
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Quote
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para citas cortas y
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Quotation
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para las m<>s largas.
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El c<>digo de ordenador (el entorno
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX-Code
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, usado tambi<62>n en este
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tutorial
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para ejemplos largos) se escribe en letra de
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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m<EFBFBD>quna de escribir
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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; este entorno es el <20>nico sitio en LyX donde se permite usar varios espacios
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seguidos para permitir el sangrado del c<>digo.
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Puedes incluso escribir poes<65>a
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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suponiendo que seas lo suficientemente creativo para comenzar escribiendo
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poes<65>a.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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mediante el entorno
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Verse
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(estrofa), usando
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Retornos de carro
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para separar los versos, y
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C-Retorno de carro
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para separar l<>neas dentro de un verso.
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Ver Gu<47>a del Usuario para una descripci<63>n m<>s completa de todos los entornos
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|
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disponibles en LyX.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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: Usa los entornos
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Quote, LyX-Code,
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Verse
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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donde corresponda en el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Escribiendo documentos
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Esperamos que el cap<61>tulo anterior te haya servido para acostumbrarte a
|
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|
esribir con LyX.
|
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|
Te hemos presentado las operaciones b<>sicas de edici<63>n, as<61> como el potente
|
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m<>todo de escribir con entornos.
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Sin embargo, la mayor<6F>a de la gente que usa LyX querr<72> escribir documentos:
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|
peri<72>dicos, art<72>culos, libros, manuales o cartas.
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Este cap<61>tulo pretende que pases de escribir simple texto a escribir un
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documento completo.
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Te presentar<61> las clases de texto, que te permiten crear distintos tipos
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de documentos, y te describir<69> muchas caracter<65>sticas nuevas que convierten
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texto en un documento, como t<>tulos, notas a pie de p<>gina, referencias
|
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cruzadas, bibliograf<61>as e <20>ndices.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Clases de texto y modelos
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:textclasses}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Diferentes tipos de documentos deben componerse de forma diferente.
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Por ejemplo, normalmente los libros se imprimen a doble cara, mientras
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que los art<72>culos se imprimen a simple.
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Adem<65>s, muchos documentos contienen entornos especiales: las cartas tienen
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entornos (como la direcci<63>n del remitente o la firma) que no tienen sentido
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en un libro o un art<72>culo.
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Las
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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clases de texto
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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de LyX
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Para usuarios de LaTeX: equivalente a las clases de documento de LaTeX (
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
documentclass
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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se encargan de estas grandes diferencias entre cada tipo de documento.
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|
Este Tutorial, por ejemplo, se ha escrito con la clase de texto
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Book
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(libro).
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|
Estas clases son otro de los grandes pilares de la filosof<6F>a WYSIWYM; le
|
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|
|
dicen a LyX c<>mo tiene que componer el documento, as<61> que t<> no necesitas
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saberlo.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tu documento se est<73> escribiendo seguramente con la clase
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Article
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(art<72>culo)
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\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Normalmente el art<72>culo es la clase de texto por defecto, aunque puedes
|
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|
establecerla en tu fichero de configuraci<63>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lyxrc
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Prueba a cambiar a otras clases (usa el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lase
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dentro de
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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F
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ormato\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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D
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ocumento
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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) para ver c<>mo se compone cada una de ellas.
|
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|
|
Si la cambias a
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Book
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y miras en el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
, ver<65>s que la mayor<6F>a de entornos permitidos son los mismos.
|
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|
Sin embargo, ahora puedes utilizar el entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Chapter
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(cap<61>tulo).
|
|
|
|
|
Si alguna vez no est<73>s seguro de cu<63>les tienes disponibles en una clase
|
|
|
|
|
de texto dada, s<>lo tienes que consultar el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
El tama<6D>o de letra, la impresi<73>n a una o dos columnas, o los encabezados
|
|
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|
|
de p<>gina son s<>lo algunas de las cosas en las que difiere el formato de
|
|
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|
|
composici<63>n de los distintos peri<72>dicos.
|
|
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|
|
Conforme la Era Digital ha ido madurando, <20>stos han empezado a aceptar
|
|
|
|
|
presentaciones electr<74>nicas, creando
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
ficheros de estilo
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LaTeX para que los autores puedan enviar sus art<72>culos correctamente maquetados.
|
|
|
|
|
LyX tambi<62>n est<73> preparado para esto.
|
|
|
|
|
As<41> por ejemplo, ofrece soporte para composici<63>n (y entornos adicionales)
|
|
|
|
|
para los peri<72>dicos de la Sociedad Americana de Matem<65>ticas mediante la
|
|
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|
|
clase de texto
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family sans
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|
Article\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
(AMS).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
A continuaci<63>n te damos una breve referencia r<>pida de algunas clases de
|
|
|
|
|
texto.
|
|
|
|
|
Como siempre, dir<69>gete a la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
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|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
para m<>s detalles.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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|
\align center
|
2006-01-02 02:29:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
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|
|
<features>
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|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
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|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
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|
<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
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|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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|
\begin_inset Text
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Nombre
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
</cell>
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|
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|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Comentarios
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
</cell>
|
|
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|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row topline="true">
|
|
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|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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|
\begin_inset Text
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
article
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
art<EFBFBD>culo --- simple cara, sin cap<61>tulos
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
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|
</cell>
|
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|
</row>
|
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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article (AMS)
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\end_layout
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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formato y entornos de la Sociedad Americana de Matem<65>ticas
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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</cell>
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</row>
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<row topline="true">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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report
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\end_layout
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</cell>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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informe --- m<>s extenso que el art<72>culo, doble cara
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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book
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</cell>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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libro --- informe + portada y contraportada
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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</cell>
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</row>
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<row bottomline="true">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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slides
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</cell>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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transparencias (incluyendo FoilTeX)
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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</cell>
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</row>
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<row bottomline="true">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_layout Standard
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letter
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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</cell>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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carta --- entornos adicionales para la direcci<63>n, la firma\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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</cell>
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</row>
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</lyxtabular>
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Modelos: escribir una carta
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Una de las clases de texto m<>s populares es la carta.
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Una forma de escribir una carta ser<65>a abrir un
|
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\family sans
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\bar under
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N
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\bar default
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uevo
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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fichero, y elegir
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Letter
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en el men<65>
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C
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\bar default
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lase
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dentro de
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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F
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ormato\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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D
|
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ocumento
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Aunque esta es la manera m<>s obvia de hacerlo, supone trabajo de m<>s.
|
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|
Cada vez que escribes una carta de negocios pones tu direcci<63>n, la del
|
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destinatario, el cuerpo, la firma, etc.
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Por tanto, LyX ofrece un
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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modelo
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para cartas, que contiene un ejemplo de carta; una vez que tienes el modelo,
|
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|
s<>lo tienes que sustituir un par de cosas cada vez que quieras escribir
|
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|
una nueva carta.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Abre un archivo nuevo con
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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Nuevo\InsetSpace ~
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basado\InsetSpace ~
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en\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Modelo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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|
Tras decidir un nombre para el nuevo fichero, elige
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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latex_letter.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Seleccionar\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Modelo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
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|
Guarda e imprime el fichero para ver c<>mo se componen los distintos entornos.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si te fijas en el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
, ver<65>s algunos entornos, como
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
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|
My\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Address
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
(direcci<63>n del remitente), que no est<73>n disponibles en otras clases.
|
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|
Otros, como
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Quote
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Description
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
, son familiares.
|
|
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|
|
Puedes jugar con ellos para ver c<>mo funcionan.
|
|
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|
|
Comprobar<61>s, por ejemplo, que en el entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Signature
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
(firma) la palabra
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Signature:
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
en rojo antecede al texto de la firma.
|
|
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|
|
Esta palabra no se muestra en la verdadera carta, como podr<64>s ver si imprimes
|
|
|
|
|
el fichero.
|
|
|
|
|
S<>lo est<73> ah<61> para que sepas d<>nde va la firma.
|
|
|
|
|
Ten en cuenta tambi<62>n que no importa d<>nde est<73> situada la l<>nea
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Signature
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Recuerda que LyX es WYSIWYM, as<61> que puedes poner el entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Signature
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
en el lugar que quieras, <20>l sabe que en la salida impresa la firma debe
|
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|
|
ir al final.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Un modelo es simplemente un fichero de LyX.
|
|
|
|
|
Esto quiere decir que puedes completarlo con tu direcci<63>n y tu firma y
|
|
|
|
|
guardarlo como un nuevo modelo.
|
|
|
|
|
A partir de ahora, siempre que quieras escribir una carta ahorrar<61>s tiempo
|
|
|
|
|
usando tu nueva plantilla.
|
|
|
|
|
Probablemente no necesitamos sugerirte que hagas un verdadero
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
ejercicio
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, <20>escribe una carta a alguien!
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Una advertencia si est<73>s escribiendo a partir de un modelo.
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Si borras todo el texto de un entorno ---por ejemplo, si borras todo el
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campo
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My\InsetSpace ~
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Address
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para poder poner tu propia direcci<63>n--- y entonces mueves el cursor sin
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escribir nada, el entorno podr<64>a desaparecer.
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Esto se debe a que muchos entornos no pueden existir sin contener texto
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alguno.
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Para restituirlo, solamente tienes que volver a seleccionarlo en el men<65>
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\family sans
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Entorno
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Los modelos pueden ahorrar much<63>simo tiempo, as<61> que te instamos a que los
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uses siempre que puedas.
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Adem<65>s, te pueden ayudar a usar algunas de las clases de texto m<>s elaboradas
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y complejas.
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Finalmente, pueden ser <20>tiles para alguien que quiera configurar LyX para
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un grupo de usuarios poco experimentados con los ordenadores.
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A la hora de empezar a trabajar con LyX, resulta mucho menos intimidatorio
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tener, por ejemplo, un modelo de carta personalizado para tu empresa.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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T<EFBFBD>tulo del documento
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX (al igual que LaTeX) considera el t<>tulo ---que puede incluir el t<>tulo
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propiamente dicho, el autor, la fecha e incluso el resumen del documento---
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como una parte independiente.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Vuelve a tu documento
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\family typewriter
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nuevo-archivo.lyx
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\family default
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y aseg<65>rate de que est<73> usando la clase de texto
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\family sans
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Article
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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No debes usar la clase carta, ya que <20>sta no permite t<>tulos.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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Escribe un t<>tulo en la primera l<>nea, y c<>mbiala al entorno
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\family sans
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Title
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\family default
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(t<>tulo).
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En la siguiente l<>nea escribe tu nombre y c<>mbiala a entorno
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\family sans
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Author.
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\family default
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En la siguiente escribe la fecha con el entorno
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\family sans
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Date
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\family default
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(fecha).
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Escribe un p<>rrafo o dos resumiendo el contenido de tu documento y usa
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el entorno
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Abstract
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\family default
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(resumen).
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Ahora mira c<>mo queda una vez impreso.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\series bold
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Ejercicio
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\series default
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: Arregla el t<>tulo, la fecha y el autor en
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\family typewriter
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Etiquetas y referencias cruzadas
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:labels}
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Puedes etiquetar una secci<63>n de tu documento (o una subsecci<63>n, o incluso,
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con menos frecuencia, un fragmento de texto cualquiera).
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Una vez que lo hagas puedes hacer referencia a esta secci<63>n desde otras
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partes del documento mediante referencias cruzadas.
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Puedes referirte al n<>mero de secci<63>n o bien a la p<>gina donde aparece.
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Como suced<65>a con las secciones y las notas a pie de p<>gina, el propio LyX
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se encarga tambi<62>n de las referencias.
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La gesti<74>n autom<6F>tica de etiquetas y referencias cruzadas es una de las
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mayores ventajas de LyX (y LaTeX) sobre los procesadores de texto convencionale
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s.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection*
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Tu primera etiqueta
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Vamos a marcar nuestra segunda secci<63>n, cuyo t<>tulo es
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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Acerca de este documento
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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.
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Pincha al final de la l<>nea del t<>tulo, y selecciona en el men<65>
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\family sans
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\bar under
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\bar default
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Etiqueta
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\family default
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.
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Se deplegar<61> una ventana de di<64>logo pregunt<6E>ndote el nombre de la etiqueta.
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Escribe
|
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sec:acercadeldocumento
|
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, que parece una etiqueta suficientemente descriptiva para evitar confusiones
|
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con otras que podamos a<>adir m<>s adelante
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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Escribimos
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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sec:
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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porque tambi<62>n podemos etiquetar ecuaciones, tablas y figuras.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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Cuando pulses el bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
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OK
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, el nombre de la etiqueta se situar<61> en un recuadro cerca del t<>tulo de
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la secci<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Por cierto, tambi<62>n puedes colocar la etiqueta en cualquier lugar de la
|
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|
secci<63>n; las referencias a secci<63>n se referir<69>n a la <20>ltima cuyo encabezado
|
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vaya antes que la etiqueta.
|
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|
Sin embargo, ponerla en la misma l<>nea que el t<>tulo (o bien en la primera
|
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|
l<>nea de texto) asegura que las referencias a p<>gina se refieran al comienzo
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de la secci<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Hasta ahora no hemos hecho nada (el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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tiene el mismo aspecto, ya que las etiquetas no se muestran en el documento
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impreso).
|
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|
Pero has a<>adido una, y ahora puedes hacer referencia a ella.
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Vamos a hacerlo a continuaci<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection*
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tu primera referencia
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Sit<EFBFBD>a el cursor en alg<6C>n lugar de la secci<63>n 2 de tu documento.
|
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Escribe
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si quieres saber m<>s acerca de este documento, ve a mirar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\newline
|
2006-01-02 02:29:55 +00:00
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la secci<63>n , que
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se puede encontrar en la p<>gina .
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ahora ---con el cursor tras la palabra
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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secci<EFBFBD>n
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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--- elige
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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I
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Refe
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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r
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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|
encia\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Cruzada
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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|
Aparecer<65> la ventana
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family sans
|
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|
Insertar\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
referencia
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
.
|
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|
<20>sta muestra una lista de etiquetas posibles a las que puedes hacer referencia.
|
|
|
|
|
Por el momento s<>lo hay una,
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sec:acercadeldocumento
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Selecci<63>nala (estar<61> seleccionada por defecto) y pulsa el bot<6F>n
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\family sans
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Insertar\InsetSpace ~
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refe
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\bar under
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r
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\bar default
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encia
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Ahora sit<69>a el cursor tras la palabra
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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p<EFBFBD>gina
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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, y pulsa el bot<6F>n
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\family sans
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Insertar n<>mero\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
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\bar under
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p
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\bar default
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<EFBFBD>gina
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en la misma ventana.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX coloca las referencias dentro de un recuadro en el lugar donde estaba
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el cursor.
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En el documento impreso, cada marcador de referencia ser<65> reemplazado por
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el n<>mero de p<>gina o de secci<63>n (seg<65>n lo que hayas elegido en el men<65>
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Insertar\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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referencia
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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De manera muy pr<70>ctica, las referencias act<63>an como enlaces hipertexto
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cuando est<73>s editando el documento con LyX; pinchar sobre una de ellas
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mover<65> el cursor hasta la etiqueta referenciada.
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Utiliza
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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Actualizar\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, y ver<65>s como en la <20>ltima p<>gina hacemos referencia a la
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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secci<EFBFBD>n 2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y la
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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p<EFBFBD>gina 1
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(o cualquiera que sea la p<>gina en donde aparezca el t<>tulo de la secci<63>n
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2).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection*
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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M<EFBFBD>s diversi<73>n con etiquetas
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Te hemos dicho que LyX se encarga <20>l solo de la numeraci<63>n de las referencias
|
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cruzadas; ahora podr<64>s comprobarlo.
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A<>ade una nueva secci<63>n antes de la secci<63>n 2.
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Ahora vuelve a ejecutar LaTeX, y ---voil<69>!--- la referencia ha cambiado
|
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a la secci<63>n 3.
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Convierte
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Acerca de este documento
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en una subsecci<63>n, y la referencia indicar<61> ahora la subsecci<63>n 2.1 en lugar
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de la secci<63>n 3.
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Por supuesto, la referencia de p<>gina no cambiar<61> a menos que a<>adas una
|
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p<>gina entera antes de la etiqueta.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset ERT
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\backslash
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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begin{sloppypar}
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Si quieres practicar algo m<>s con las etiquetas, prueba a poner otra,
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
sec:miprimeraetiqueta
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, donde estaba la primera referencia cruzada, y haz referencia a aqu<71>lla
|
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desde cualquier parte del documento.
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|
Si vas a usar las referencias a menudo (si, por ejemplo, est<73>s escribiendo
|
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|
un art<72>culo de prensa), puede ser conveniente que dejes la ventana
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Insertar\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
referencia
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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abierta.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\backslash
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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end{sloppypar}
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si quieres asegurarte de que las referencias a p<>gina se mantienen correctas
|
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|
|
incluso en documentos extensos, usa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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C
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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piar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para llevar un par de p<>ginas de la Gu<47>a del Usuario al portapapeles, y
|
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usa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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P
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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e
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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gar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
para inserrtar el texto robado en tu documento
|
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|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Por cierto, copiar un cap<61>tulo causar<61> un error de LyX, ya que los cap<61>tulos
|
|
|
|
|
no se permiten en la clase art<72>culo.
|
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|
|
Si te sucede, borra simplemente el t<>tulo de cap<61>tulo.
|
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|
Si quieres saber por qu<71> ocurre esto, ve a la secci<63>n
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:textclasses}
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\series bold
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
: Arregla las referencias en el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Notas a pie de p<>gina y notas al margen
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Las notas a pie de p<>gina se pueden a<>adir usando el bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Insertar Nota\InsetSpace ~
|
|
|
|
|
a\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
pie
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
en la barra de herramientas
|
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|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
El bot<6F>n muestra una flecha se<73>alando texto en rojo, justo debajo de texto
|
|
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|
|
en negro.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
o bien accediendo en el men<65> a
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family sans
|
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
I
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Nota\InsetSpace ~
|
|
|
|
|
al\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
pie
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|
|
|
|
Pincha al final de la palabra
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
LyX
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
en cualquier parte de tu documento y pulsa el bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Insertar Nota\InsetSpace ~
|
|
|
|
|
a\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
pie
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Una l<>nea de pie de p<>gina se abrir<69> debajo de la l<>nea en la que estabas
|
|
|
|
|
escribiendo.
|
|
|
|
|
En el extremo izquierdo ver<65>s la palabra
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
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\emph on
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foot
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\emph default
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(pie) escrita en rojo sobre fondo gris.
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El resto de la l<>nea est<73> enmarcada en rojo; aqu<71> es donde escribir<69>s la
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nota.
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LyX sit<69>a el cursor al principio de la l<>nea.
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Escribe:
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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LyX es un procesador de texto de composici<63>n.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Ahora pulsa en la palabra
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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foot
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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.
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La l<>nea de la nota desaparece, dejando
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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foot
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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,
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\emph default
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subrayada en rojo, mostrando el sitio donde aparecer<65> el marcador de la
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nota en el texto impreso.
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A esto se le denomina
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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plegar
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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la nota.
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Puedes desplegar la nota en cualquier momento ---y volver a editar el texto
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si quieres--- pulsando de nuevo en el marcador rojo.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Te preguntar<61>s por qu<71> el marcador de nota es una palabra en vez de un n<>mero.
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La respuesta es que LyX se encarga tambi<62>n de la numeraci<63>n de las notas
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en el texto impreso.
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Puedes comprobarlo t<> mismo mirando la salida
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\family typewriter
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dvi
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\family default
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o impresa.
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Si a<>ades m<>s notas, LyX las renumera.
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Como LyX (bueno, realmente LaTeX) se preocupa de esto, no hay necesidad
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de poner los n<>meros en el fichero LyX.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Una nota al pie puede ser cortada y pegada como texto normal.
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Adelante, <20>int<6E>ntalo! Todo lo que necesitas es seleccionar el marcador
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Puede serte m<>s f<>cil seleccionarla con el teclado, ya que puedes abrir
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sin querer la nota si est<73>s intentando seleccionar el marcador con el rat<61>n.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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,
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\family sans
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\bar under
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C
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\bar default
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ortar
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\family default
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lo y
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\family sans
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P
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\bar under
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e
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\bar default
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gar
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lo.
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Adem<65>s, puedes convertir texto normal en una nota, basta que lo selecciones
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y pulses el bot<6F>n
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Insertar Nota\InsetSpace ~
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a\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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pie
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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; convierte una nota en texto normal pulsando el mismo bot<6F>n cuando el cursor
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est<73> dentro de la nota.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Las notas al margen se pueden a<>adir mediante el bot<6F>n
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Insertar Nota\InsetSpace ~
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al\InsetSpace ~
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margen
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El bot<6F>n muestra una flecha apuntando a texto en rojo, al lado de (al margen
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de) texto en negro, y se encuentra cerca del bot<6F>n
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Insertar Nota\InsetSpace ~
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a\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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pie
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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; en la barra de herramientas.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o bien el men<65>
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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I
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\bar default
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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Nota\InsetSpace ~
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al\InsetSpace ~
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\bar under
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M
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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argen
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\SpecialChar \@.
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Son como las notas a pie de p<>gina, salvo que:
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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los marcadores en pantalla dicen
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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margin
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(margen) en vez de
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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foot
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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las notas se sit<69>an en el margen de la p<>gina, en vez de bajo el texto.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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no se numeran
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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cuando una nota es plegada, se sit<69>a un signo de admiraci<63>n en el margen,
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que no se ver<65> en el texto impreso.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Convierte ahora tu nota al pie en texto, selecci<63>nala y convi<76>rtela en una
|
|
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|
nota al margen.
|
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|
Ejecuta LaTeX de nuevo para ver su aspecto.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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: Arregla la nota a pie de p<>gina en
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Bibliograf<EFBFBD>a
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:bibliographies}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Las bibliograf<61>as funcionan de manera similar a las referencias cruzadas.
|
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|
La bibliograf<61>a contiene una lista de referencias al final del documento
|
|
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|
|
que pueden ser referenciadas desde cualquier parte del texto.
|
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|
|
Al igual que los t<>tulos de secci<63>n, LyX y LaTeX hacen tu trabajo m<>s f<>cil
|
|
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|
numerando autom<6F>ticamente los elementos de la bibliograf<61>a y modificando
|
|
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|
las referencias cuando la numeraci<63>n cambia.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ve al final del documento y activa el entorno
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Bibliography
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
|
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|
Ahora, cada p<>rrafo que escribas ser<65> una referencia.
|
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|
Escribe
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
El Tutorial de Lyx, por el equipo documentaci<63>n de LyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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como primera referencia.
|
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|
Observa que LyX pone autom<6F>ticamente un n<>mero encerrado en un recuadro
|
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|
antes de cada referencia.
|
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|
Pincha con el rat<61>n en el recuadro, y se abrir<69> una ventana de di<64>logo
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Elemento\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Bibliograf<EFBFBD>a
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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El primer campo, la clave, te sirve para referirte a esta entrada desde
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el documento LyX.
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Por defecto es un n<>mero.
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Cambia la clave a
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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tutorialdelyx
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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para que sea f<>cil de recordar.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ahora escoge un lugar cualquiera del documento donde querr<72>as insertar una
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referencia.
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Hazlo con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar default
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Referenc
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\bar under
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\bar default
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a\InsetSpace ~
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a\InsetSpace ~
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Cita\SpecialChar \@.
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El programa dibuja un recuadro gris con tres signos de interrogaci<63>n entre
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corchetes, y aparece una ventana
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Cita
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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El primer campo tambi<62>n se llama
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\family sans
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Clave
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, y te permite elegir la entrada bibliogr<67>fica que quieres citar
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Esta es la raz<61>n por la que es una buena idea dar a las claves nombres <20>nicos
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y l<>gicos, en lugar de dejar el n<>mero por defecto.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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Con ayuda de la flecha hacia abajo a la derecha del campo
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\family sans
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Clave
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\family default
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, selecciona
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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tutorialdelyx
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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(en este momento es el <20>nico elemento de la bibliograf<61>a).
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Ahora ejecuta LaTeX, y ver<65>s que la cita aparece entre corchetes en el
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texto, referenciando a la bibliograf<61>a al final del documento.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>C<EFBFBD>mo se usan los dem<65>s campos? El campo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Comenta
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\bar under
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r
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\bar default
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io
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\family default
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en la ventana de
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\family sans
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Cita
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\family default
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pondr<EFBFBD> un comentario (como una referencia a una p<>gina o cap<61>tulo del libro
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o art<72>culo) entre corchetes tras la referencia.
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Si quieres que las referencias tengan etiquetas en vez de n<>meros en la
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salida impresa (por ejemplo, algunos peri<72>dicos usar<61>an
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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[Smi95]
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para hacer referencia a un art<72>culo escrito por Smith en 1995), utiliza
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el campo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Label
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(etiqueta) en la ventana
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\family sans
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Elemento\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
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Bibliograf<EFBFBD>a
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Como siempre, puedes obtener m<>s informaci<63>n en la
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Arregla la bibliograf<61>a y las citas en
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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<EFBFBD>ndice general
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Puede que quieras poner un <20>ndice al principio de tu documento.
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|
LyX hace que sea algo muy f<>cil.
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Simplemente pulsa
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Intro
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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despu<70>s del t<>tulo del documento y antes del t<>tulo de la primera secci<63>n
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
|
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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No te desesperes tratando de pinchar o borrar un n<>mero de secci<63>n.
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No funcionar<61>.
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|
No se permite editar el n<>mero de secci<63>n de ninguna forma, ya que LyX
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controla el numerado de secciones.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, y elige en el men<65>
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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I
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\bar default
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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Listas\InsetSpace ~
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e\InsetSpace ~
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<EFBFBD>ndice\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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gral.\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>ndice\InsetSpace ~
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general
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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|
Aparecer<65> una caja (tambi<62>n conocida como recuadro) con las palabras
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<EFBFBD>ndice general
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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en la primera l<>nea del documento.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Esto puede no parecer muy <20>til.
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Sin embargo, si observas el fichero
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\family typewriter
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dvi
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, ver<65>s que se ha generado un <20>ndice con todas las secciones y subsecciones
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de tu documento.
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Una vez m<>s, si reordenas las secciones o a<>ades alguna, estos cambios
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se ver<65>n reflejados en el fichero
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\family typewriter
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dvi
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\family default
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cuando lo actualices.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El <20>ndice no se imprime en la versi<73>n en pantalla del documento porque no
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puedes editarlo de ninguna manera.
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Sin embargo, puedes mostrarlo en una ventana separada pinchado con el rat<61>n
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en el recuadro del <20>ndice o bien mediante
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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E
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ditar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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I
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\bar default
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ndice\InsetSpace ~
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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gener
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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a
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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l
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El comando del men<65> funcionar<61> incluso si no tienes recuadro de <20>ndice en
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tu documento.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Esta ventana es una herramienta muy pr<70>ctica.
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Puedes usarla para moverte a trav<61>s de tu documento.
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|
Pulsando en una (sub)secci<63>n del <20>ndice se resaltar<61> esa l<>nea y el cursor
|
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|
se mover<65> a ese lugar del documento en la ventana de edici<63>n de LyX.
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Tambi<62>n puedes usar los cursores para moverte arriba y abajo en el <20>ndice.
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Puede que te resulte conveniente dejar esta ventana abierta a lo largo
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de las sesiones de edici<63>n.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Para deshacerte del <20>ndice, puedes borrar su marcador como cualquier otro
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car<61>cter.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
: Arregla el <20>ndice en
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Usando las matem<65>ticas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LaTeX es utilizado por muchos cient<6E>ficos porque ofrece una gran calidad
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en el aspecto de las ecuaciones, evitando los caracteres de control usados
|
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por otros procesadores de texto y sus editores de ecuaciones.
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Sin embargo, muchos de estos cient<6E>ficos se sienten frustrados porque escribir
|
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ecuaciones con LaTeX se parece m<>s a programar que a escribir.
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Afortunadamente, LyX tiene soporte WYSIWYM para las ecuaciones.
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Si est<73>s acostumbrado a LaTeX, ver<65>s que sus comandos matem<65>ticos usuales
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se pueden introducir normalmente, aunque se muestran de forma WYSIWYM.
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Por el contrario, si nunca has usado LaTeX, el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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Panel\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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F<EFBFBD>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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te permitir<69> escribir matem<65>ticas de apariencia profesional de una forma
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r<>pida y f<>cil
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Lyx no puede comprobar si los resultados matem<65>ticos que escribes son realmente
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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correctos
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Lo sentimos.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El modo matem<65>tico
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Escribe en cualquier parte de tu documento:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Me gusta lo que dijo Einstein, E=mc^2, porque es tan simple.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ahora la ecuaci<63>n no tiene muy buen aspecto, incluso en el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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; no hay ning<6E>n espacio entre las letras y el signo igual, y te gustar<61>a
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|
escribir el
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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como un verdadero exponente.
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Esta composici<63>n tan mala se debe a que no le hemos dicho a LyX que estamos
|
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|
escribiendo una expresi<73>n matem<65>tica, as<61> que la compone como texto normal.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Las expresiones matem<65>ticas se escriben en modo matem<65>tico o de f<>rmulas.
|
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Para entrar en dicho modo, s<>lo tienes que pinchar en el bot<6F>n de la barra
|
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|
de herramientas con un
|
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\begin_inset Formula $\frac{a+b}{c}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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escrito en azul.
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LyX abrir<69> un peque<75>o cuadro azul, con un rect<63>ngulo magenta a su alrededor.
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|
El cuadrado azul es el punto de inserci<63>n, que te indica que est<73> esperando
|
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|
a que insertes algo, y el rectangulo indica que est<73>s en el modo matem<65>tico.
|
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LyX ha situado el cursor en el cuadro azul, as<61> que introduce de nuevo
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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E=mc^2
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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La expresi<73>n se escribe en azul, y el cuadro azul desaparece tan pronto
|
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|
como el punto de inserci<63>n deja de estar vac<61>o.
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Ahora pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Esc
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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para dejar el modo matem<65>tico (nota: pinchar en el bot<6F>n modo de f<>rmulas
|
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|
otra vez no te servir<69>).
|
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|
El rect<63>ngulo magenta desaparece, dejando el cursor a la derecha de la
|
|
|
|
|
expresi<73>n y ahora si escribes algo ser<65> texto normal.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Ejecuta LaTeX y mira el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
dvi
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
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|
Observa que la expresi<73>n se ha impreso bien, con espacios entre las letras
|
|
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|
|
y el signo igual, y el
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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2
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
como super<65>ndice.
|
|
|
|
|
Se asume que en modo matem<65>tico las letras son variables, y por tanto vienen
|
|
|
|
|
en cursiva.
|
|
|
|
|
Los n<>meros son s<>lo n<>meros y no van en cursiva.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Este nuevo modo es otro ejemplo de la filosof<6F>a WYSIWYM.
|
|
|
|
|
En LaTeX, escribes una expresi<73>n matem<65>tica mediante texto y comandos como
|
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
sqrt
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
; esto puede ser desesperante, ya que no puedes ver c<>mo queda la expresi<73>n
|
|
|
|
|
hasta que ejecutas LaTeX, y puedes perder mucho tiempo buscando alg<6C>n par<61>ntesi
|
|
|
|
|
s que falte u otros fallos.
|
|
|
|
|
Por el contrario, LyX no pretende que la expresi<73>n aparezca perfecta en
|
|
|
|
|
la pantalla (WYSIWYG), pero te da una buena idea de cu<63>l ser<65> su aspecto
|
|
|
|
|
impreso.
|
|
|
|
|
LaTeX se encarga de la composici<63>n profesional.
|
|
|
|
|
El 99% del tiempo no tendr<64>s que preocuparte de cambiar tama<6D>os de letra
|
|
|
|
|
o espaciado alguno.
|
|
|
|
|
De esta forma (sentimos ser tan repetitivos) puedes concentrarte en el
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
contenido
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
de la expresi<73>n matem<65>tica, no en su formato.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
Navegando por una ecuaci<63>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Ahora vamos a cambiar
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=1+mc^{2}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Usa los cursores para introducirte en la expresi<73>n.
|
|
|
|
|
Observa que cuando entras en la expresi<73>n el rect<63>ngulo magenta aparece
|
|
|
|
|
para informarte de que est<73>s de nuevo en modo de f<>rmulas.
|
|
|
|
|
Ahora puedes utilizar las teclas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Izquierda
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
y
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Derecha
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para mover el cursor tras el signo de igualdad, y escribir
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
1+
|
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
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|
.
|
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|
De nuevo, utiliza los cursores o
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Esc
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para salir de la expresi<73>n, desapareciendo as<61> el rect<63>ngulo magenta.
|
|
|
|
|
Mucha gente encuentra apropiadas las teclas de direcci<63>n, pero tambi<62>n
|
|
|
|
|
puedes pichar con el rat<61>n en cualquier parte de la expresi<73>n para situar
|
|
|
|
|
el cursor ah<61> y empezar el modo matem<65>tico.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Salvo para las teclas especiales descritas m<>s adelante, escribir en el
|
|
|
|
|
modo matem<65>tico es como editar texto normal.
|
|
|
|
|
Usa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Suprimir
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(o
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Retroceso
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
) para borrar.
|
|
|
|
|
Selecciona texto tanto con los cursores como con el rat<61>n.
|
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|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
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|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
E
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
dici<EFBFBD>n\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Deshacer
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
funciona de la misma forma, al igual que cortar y pegar.
|
|
|
|
|
Hay una cosa con la que debes tener cuidado: si est<73>s fuera de la expresi<73>n
|
|
|
|
|
y pulsas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Suprimir
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(o
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Retroceso
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
) la borrar<61>s entera.
|
|
|
|
|
Afortunadamente puedes
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Deshacer
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para recuperarla.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<EFBFBD>Y qu<71> ocurre si quieres cambiar
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2.5}+1$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
? Una vez m<>s, puedes utilizar el rat<61>n para pinchar en el sitio que vas
|
|
|
|
|
a modificar.
|
|
|
|
|
Tambi<62>n puedes utilizar las teclas de direcci<63>n.
|
|
|
|
|
Si el cursor se encuentra detr<74>s de la
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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c
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y delante del
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, pulsando
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Arriba
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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mover<65>s el cursor al nivel del super<65>ndice, justo antes del
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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A<>ade el
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.5
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Ahora, pulsando
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Abajo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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devolver<65>s el curso al nivel normal.
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De hecho, si pulsas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Abajo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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desde cualquier parte del super<65>ndice, el cursor se sit<69>a justo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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tras
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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<20>ste (de manera que puedes introducir el
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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+1
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tambi<EFBFBD>n puedes usar la
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Barra espaciadora
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para recorrer una expresi<73>n.
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Si ya est<73>s en una estructura matem<65>tica (un sub<75>ndice, super<65>ndice, fracci<63>n,
|
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ra<72>z cuadrada, delimitadores o matriz, todo lo cual se describe en las
|
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siguientes secciones), pulsando
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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mover<65>s el cursor detr<74>s de la estructura, permaneciendo en modo matem<65>tico.
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As<41>, si el cursor est<73> en cualquier parte del super<65>ndice, pulsando
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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el cursor volver<65> al nivel normal y justo detr<74>s del super<65>ndice.
|
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|
Esto quiere decir que puedes escribir
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{1+x}-2$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin usar el rat<61>n o las teclas de direcci<63>n, un m<>todo que seguramente
|
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|
preferir<69>s una vez que vayas cogiendo pr<70>ctica.
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|
Ten cuidado y no pulses
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
estando entre el
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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1
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
y el signo m<>s, o saldr<64>s del super<65>ndice.
|
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|
En aquellos sitios donde estas acciones no tienen sentido (por ejemplo,
|
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|
|
entre la
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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m
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
y la
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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c
|
|
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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), la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Barra espaciadora
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
no tiene efecto alguno
|
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|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
y el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
no
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
se utilizan para introducir espacios entre los elementos de una ecuaci<63>n.
|
|
|
|
|
Este espacio es parte de la composici<63>n, lo que significa de debes dejar
|
|
|
|
|
que LyX se preocupe de <20>l (ver Sec.
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:whitespace}
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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|
Si este espaciado no te satisface del todo, hay maneras para ajustarlo,
|
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|
|
para lo cual puedes mirar en la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(pero no te molestes en hacer ajustes hasta que hayas escrito todo el documento
|
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|
).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
Observa que si introduces una expresi<73>n y sales con
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Esc
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, no habr<62> ning<6E>n espacio tras <20>sta.
|
|
|
|
|
Esto viene bien si vas a escribir un punto o una coma, pero si lo que quieres
|
|
|
|
|
es escribir una palabra tras la f<>rmula, tienes que introducir el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
expl<70>citamente despu<70>s de salir de ella.
|
|
|
|
|
Un atajo consiste en pulsar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
justo al final de la f<>rmula, lo cual te saca de ella
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
y
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
adem<65>s a<>ade un espacio.
|
|
|
|
|
As<41>, puedes escribir
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $f=ma$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
es mi ecuaci<63>n favorita
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
en vez de
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $f=ma$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
es mi ecuaci<63>n favorita
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
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|
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.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Exponentes e <20>ndices
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Un exponente se puede introducir desde el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
F<EFBFBD>r
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
m
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, pero es m<>s sencillo pulsar la tecla del acento circunflejo
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
^
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
LyX coloca un punto de inserci<63>n (el recuadro azul, <20>recuerdas?) en el
|
|
|
|
|
super<65>ndice para que lo siguiente que introduzcas sea super<65>ndice, con
|
|
|
|
|
un tama<6D>o de letra menor.
|
|
|
|
|
Todo lo que escribas hasta que pulses
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(o
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Esc
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para salir completamente de la expresi<73>n) ser<65> puesto en super<65>ndice.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Escribir un sub<75>ndice es igual de f<>cil: para comenzar uno pulsa la tecla
|
|
|
|
|
de subrayado,
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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.
|
|
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|
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Puedes introducir sub<75>ndices y super<65>ndices tanto en sub<75>ndices como en
|
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|
super<65>ndices, como en esta f<>rmula:
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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: Pon la ecuaci<63>n 1 del fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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en modo matem<65>tico.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Panel de F<>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Panel de F<>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es una forma pr<70>ctica de introducir s<>mbolos o realizar complicadas funciones
|
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matem<65>ticas.
|
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Muchas de estas funciones pueden llevarse a cabo con el teclado o con el
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men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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F<EFBFBD>r
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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m
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ulas
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Sin embargo, nos vamos a centrar en el uso del panel para que conozcas
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todo lo que hay; podr<64>s aprender atajos con el teclado m<>s tarde en otros
|
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manuales (esto es una indirecta).
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As<41> que abre el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Panel de F<>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
y d<>jalo abierto durante toda la secci<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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S<EFBFBD>mbolos y letras griegas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si pinchas en el bot<6F>n
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $\Gamma\rho\epsilon\epsilon\kappa$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
del panel, obtendr<64>s un men<65> desde el que podr<64>s elegir una letra griega.
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|
<20>sta aparecer<65> all<6C> donde est<73> situado el cursor.
|
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|
Observa que hay un par de variantes de epsilon, pi, theta, y sigma.
|
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|
Un atajo: si est<73>s escibiendo texto normal e insertas algo desde el panel,
|
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|
entras autom<6F>ticamente en modo matem<65>tico.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Otros cuatro botones en la parte de abajo del panel te permiten seleccionar
|
|
|
|
|
en una matriz gran cantidad de s<>mbolos usados en matem<65>ticas: flechas,
|
|
|
|
|
relaciones, operadores, sumas e integrales.
|
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|
Ten en cuenta que los super<65>ndices y los sub<75>ndices te permiten establecer
|
|
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|
|
los l<>mites superior e inferior en estas <20>ltimas.
|
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|
El <20>ltimo bot<6F>n es el caj<61>n desastre, llamado
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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Varios
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
No hay nada que no puedas hacer\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
|
Todo lo que necesitas es
|
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|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Ra<EFBFBD>ces cuadradas, tildes y delimitadores
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Para escribir una ra<72>z cuadrada s<>lo tienes que pulsar el bot<6F>n con su s<>mbolo.
|
|
|
|
|
La ra<72>z aparece, y el cursor va a un nuevo punto de inserci<63>n dentro de
|
|
|
|
|
ella.
|
|
|
|
|
Aqu<71> puedes introducir variables, n<>meros, otras ra<72>ces cuadradas, fracciones
|
|
|
|
|
y todo lo que quieras.
|
|
|
|
|
LyX ir<69> cambiando autom<6F>ticamente el tama<6D>o de la ra<72>z para que se ajuste
|
|
|
|
|
a su contenido.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
La colocaci<63>n de tildes en una letra (
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
) o grupo de letras (
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
) se realiza de la misma forma.
|
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|
|
|
Pulsa el bot<6F>n que tiene un cuadro azul con una tilde negra (~) encima.
|
|
|
|
|
Aparecer<65> la ventana de
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Decoraci<EFBFBD>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Pincha en una de las decoraciones, y LyX la imprimir<69> con un punto de inserci<63>n
|
|
|
|
|
debajo (o encima).
|
|
|
|
|
Escribe lo que quieras y pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
para
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
salir
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
de ella.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Los delimitadores (como par<61>ntesis, corchetes y llaves) funcionan de forma
|
|
|
|
|
similar, pero son un poco m<>s complicados.
|
|
|
|
|
Pulsa el bot<6F>n con un cuadro azul entre corchetes para abrir la ventana
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Delimitador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Pincha en un delimitador izquierdo con el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
bot<EFBFBD>n izquierdo del rat<61>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
y en un delimitador derecho con el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
bot<EFBFBD>n derecho
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
(De forma alternativa, puedes usar s<>lo el bot<6F>n izquierdo utilizando los
|
|
|
|
|
selectores etiquetados como
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
I
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
zq.
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
y
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
D
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
cha
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
al elegir cada delimitador).
|
|
|
|
|
En cada instante, tu selecci<63>n de delimitadores aparece en un recuadro
|
|
|
|
|
en la parte de arriba de la ventana.
|
|
|
|
|
Por defecto es un par de par<61>ntesis, pero con este m<>todo de selecci<63>n
|
|
|
|
|
puedes elegir un par de llaves, una llave y un par<61>ntesis, o incluso elegir
|
|
|
|
|
el delimitador vac<61>o para obtener algo as<61>:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $a=\left\langle 7\right.$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(el delimitador vac<61>o se muestra como una l<>nea negra discontinua en LyX,
|
|
|
|
|
pero no aparece en la salida).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Una vez que has elegido tus delimitadores, pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
OK
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para que aparezcan en la expresi<73>n (o pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Aplicar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
si quieres dejar la ventana abierta).
|
|
|
|
|
Si eres un poco vago, puedes escribir los par<61>ntesis normales desde el
|
|
|
|
|
teclado en modo matem<65>tico, en vez de usar la ventana
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Delimitador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Sin embargo, estos par<61>ntesis tendr<64>n el mismo tama<6D>o que el texto normal,
|
|
|
|
|
lo cual quedar<61> bastante mal si encierran una fracci<63>n o una matriz grande.
|
|
|
|
|
Usar la ventana
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Delimitador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
te garantiza que los delimitadores se ajusten de forma precisa a aquello
|
|
|
|
|
que encierren.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tambi<EFBFBD>n puedes poner delimitadores, o una ra<72>z cuadrada o una tilde sobre
|
|
|
|
|
texto ya existente.
|
|
|
|
|
Selecciona la porci<63>n de f<>rmula que quieres ajustar, y pulsa el bot<6F>n
|
|
|
|
|
que quieras del
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Panel de F<>rmulas
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Prueba a hacer esto para cambiar la segunda ley de Newton de forma escalar
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a forma vectorial (
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\begin_inset Formula $f=ma$
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a
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\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{f}=m\overrightarrow{a}$
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).
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Una vez que hayas aprendido a hacer matrices, esta ser<65> la manera de encerrarla
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s entre par<61>ntesis o corchetes.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Fracciones
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Las fracciones son muy sencillas en modo matem<65>tico.
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Pincha en el bot<6F>n
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\family sans
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Fracci<EFBFBD>n
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\family default
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del panel (el que tiene un par de cuadros azules a modo de numerador y
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denominador).
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LyX coloca dos puntos de inserci<63>n.
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Como cabr<62>a esperar, puedes usar los cursores o el rat<61>n para moverte a
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trav<61>s de la fracci<63>n.
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Pincha en el cuadro de arriba y escribe
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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1
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Despu<70>s pulsa
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\family sans
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Abajo
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\family default
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y escribe
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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2
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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.
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<20>Acabas de hacer una fracci<63>n! Por supuesto, puedes escribir cualquier
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cosa dentro de cada uno de los dos cuadros: variables con exponentes, ra<72>ces
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cuadradas, otras fracciones, cualquier cosa.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
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Ejercicio
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\series default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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: Pon la ecuaci<63>n 2 en el fichero
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en modo matem<65>tico.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Modo TeX: L<>mites, logaritmos, senos y otros
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Como las letras en modo de f<>rmulas se consideran variables, si introduces
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX cree que est<73>s escribiendo el producto de tres variables
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\begin_inset Formula $s$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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,
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\begin_inset Formula $i$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, y
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\begin_inset Formula $n$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Las tres se imprimir<69>n en cursiva, cuando lo que realmente quer<65>as era
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la palabra
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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escrita en letra normal.
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Adem<65>s, no se pondr<64> espacio alguno entre
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y la
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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x
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(pulsar
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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saldr<64> del modo matem<65>tico).
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As<41> que, <20>c<EFBFBD>mo conseguir
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $\sin x$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en vez de
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $sinx$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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?
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Pincha en
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en la lista
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Funciones
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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del
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Panel de F<>rmulas
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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La palabra
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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se escribe en rojo, en tipo normal, tambi<62>n llamado modo TeX.
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La palabra completa se trata como un <20>nico s<>mbolo, de manera que si pulsas
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Suprimir
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, la borrar<61>s entera.
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Ahora escribe
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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x
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, que aparecer<65> azul y en cursiva, como es de esperar en modo matem<65>tico.
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En el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dvi
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, la expresi<73>n se ver<65> correctamente.
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Int<6E>ntalo.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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M<EFBFBD>s comandos que necesitas escribir en modo TeX usando la lista de
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Funciones
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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incluyen otras funciones trigonom<6F>tricas y sus inversas, funciones hiperb<72>licas
|
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|
, logaritmos, l<>mites, y unas pocas m<>s.
|
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Todas aceptan sub<75>ndices y super<65>ndices, lo cual es importante para poder
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escribir
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $\cos^{2}\theta$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series bold
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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: Pon la ecuaci<63>n 3 del fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en modo matem<65>tico.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Matrices
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:matrices}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Pulsa en el bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Matriz
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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del panel.
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Se abrir<69> una ventana del mismo nombre , con dos barras deslizantes para
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que elijas cu<63>ntas filas y columnas quieres que tenga tu matriz.
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Selecciona 2 filas y 3 columnas y pulsa
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Aplicar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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u
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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OK
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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LyX imprime seis puntos de inserci<63>n formando una matriz
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\begin_inset Formula $2\times3$
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Como siempre, puedes introducir cualquier clase de expresi<73>n matem<65>tica
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(un ra<72>z cuadrada, otra matriz, etc) en cada uno de ellos.
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Tambi<62>n puedes dejar alguno vac<61>o si quieres.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Puedes usar el
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabulador
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para moverte horizontalmente entre las columnas de la matriz.
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De manera alternativa, puedes usar las teclas de direcci<63>n para desplazarte
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(pulsando
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Derecha
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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al final de un cuadro mover<65> el cursor al siguiente,
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Abajo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lo mover<65> a la siguiente fila, etc).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Mira la
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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para obtener informaci<63>n sobre c<>mo cambiar la alineaci<63>n de cada columna
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y la posici<63>n vertical de la matriz completa.
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Si lo que quieres es escribir una tabla que contenga texto, deber<65>as usar
|
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el magn<67>fico soporte de tablas de LyX, en lugar de tratar de escribir texto
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en una matriz.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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El modo demostraci<63>n
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Todas las expresiones que hemos escrito hasta ahora estaban en la misma
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l<>nea que el texto que las rodeaba.
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Reciben pues el nombre de expresiones en l<>nea.
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Est<73>n bien para expresiones cortas y sencillas, pero si quieres escribir
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cosas m<>s extensas, o si quieres que queden separadas del texto, tienes
|
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|
que escribirlas en modo demostraci<63>n.
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Adem<65>s, s<>lo las expresiones en este modo pueden ser etiquetadas o numeradas
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(ver
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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Por <20>ltimo, las ecuaciones de varias l<>neas (ver Sec.
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:multiline}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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) tambi<62>n deben estar en modo demostraci<63>n.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Pincha en el bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Mostrar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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del
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Panel de F<>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
, que representa un par de l<>neas de texto rodeando un cuadro azul.
|
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|
|
LyX abre un punto de inserci<63>n, pero lo coloca en una nueva l<>nea y centrado.
|
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|
|
Ahora escribe una expresi<73>n y ejecuta LaTeX para ver el resultado.
|
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|
El bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Mostrar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
act<63>a como un conmutador entre modo demostraci<63>n y modo matem<65>tico normal;
|
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|
|
|
<20>salo ahora para cambiar un par de expresiones a modo demostraci<63>n y viceversa.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
Este modo tiene un par de diferencias con respecto al modo normal:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
El tipo de letra por defecto es de menor tama<6D>o para unos pocos s<>mbolos,
|
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|
|
|
como
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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y
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|
\begin_inset Formula $\int$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
Los sub<75>ndices y super<65>ndices en las sumas y l<>mites (no en las integrales)
|
|
|
|
|
se escriben debajo, en lugar de seguir a los s<>mbolos
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
El texto se centra
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Aparte de estas diferencias, las expresiones en l<>nea y en modo demostraci<63>n
|
|
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|
son muy similares.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Un <20>ltimo apunte acerca del modo en que se componen las ecuaciones en este
|
|
|
|
|
modo: presta atenci<63>n a si lo que quieres es poner una ecuaci<63>n en un nuevo
|
|
|
|
|
p<>rrafo o no.
|
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|
Si <20>sta se encuentra en mitad de de una frase o de un p<>rrafo, no pulses
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Intro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
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|
De lo contrario har<61>s que el texto tras la ecuaci<63>n comience en un nuevo
|
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|
p<>rrafo.
|
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|
|
Este texto ser<65> por tanto sangrado, que probablemente no es lo que quer<65>as.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\series bold
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
: Pon las ecuaciones del fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
es_ejemplo_sin_lyx.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
en modo demostraci<63>n, y comprueba que se componen de manera diferente.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\series bold
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Ejercicio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\series default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
: Utilizando las herramientas que has aprendido en esta secci<63>n, deber<65>as
|
|
|
|
|
de ser capaz de escribir una ecuaci<63>n como <20>sta:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
|
|
|
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
|
|
|
|
|
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
|
|
|
|
|
0 & x=0\\
|
|
|
|
|
\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Ecuaciones de varias l<>neas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:multiline}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intenta escribir las siguientes ecuaciones y observa el resultado en el
|
|
|
|
|
fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
dvi
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Tendr<64>s que introducir dos ecuaciones distintas en modo demostraci<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
|
|
|
x=y+y+y+y+y\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
|
|
|
=5y\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<EFBFBD>No queda bien! Al escribir dos o m<>s ecuaciones seguidas, quedan mucho
|
|
|
|
|
mejor si sus signos de igualdad est<73>n alineados; esto se hace especialmente
|
|
|
|
|
patente si la segunda ecuaci<63>n no tiene parte izquierda.
|
|
|
|
|
LyX te permite escribir ecuaciones de varias l<>neas con cierto control
|
|
|
|
|
sobre su alineaci<63>n.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
|
|
|
|
|
x & = & y+y+y+y+y\\
|
|
|
|
|
& = & 5y\end{eqnarray*}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<EFBFBD>Esto es otra cosa! Los signos de igualdad est<73>n alineados, y hay menos
|
|
|
|
|
espacio entre las ecuaciones.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Para empezar a escribir una ecuaci<63>n de varias l<>neas, abre una expresi<73>n
|
|
|
|
|
en modo demostraci<63>n y pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
C-Retorno de carro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
LyX imprimir<69> dos l<>neas, cada una con tres puntos de inserci<63>n.
|
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|
|
Al igual que en las matrices, puedes usar el el rat<61>n, los cursores o el
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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para desplazarte a trav<61>s de ellos.
|
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|
|
Intenta reproducir la ecuaci<63>n anterior.
|
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|
|
Ten en cuenta que es legal dejar uno o m<>s puntos de inserci<63>n vac<61>os.
|
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Esto es <20>til para ejemplos como el de arriba, o para separar ecuaciones
|
|
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muy largas, como:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
|
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|
|
x & = & a+b+c+d\\
|
|
|
|
|
& & +e+f+g\end{eqnarray*}
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
LyX alinear<61> el segundo campo de cada l<>nea, donde usualmente pondr<64>s signos
|
|
|
|
|
de igualdad u otros operadores; de hecho, puedes poner cualquier cosa.
|
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|
|
Pero no uses una ecuaci<63>n de varias l<>neas para escribir una matriz.
|
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|
|
Para eso ya est<73> la herramienta apropiada (see Sec.
|
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|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:matrices}
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
Si quieres un conjunto mayor de ecuaciones, usa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
C-Retorno de carro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para a<>adir nuevas l<>neas con tres puntos de inserci<63>n vac<61>os.
|
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|
Si no est<73>s al final de la l<>nea cuando lo hagas, lo que quede de l<>nea
|
|
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|
ser<65> llevado a la siguiente.
|
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|
Si pulsas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
C-Retorno de carro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
cuando ya has escrito una ecuaci<63>n (de una l<>nea), la ecuaci<63>n entera quedar<61>
|
|
|
|
|
en el primer campo.
|
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|
|
Sit<69>a el cursor antes del signo igual y pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
C-Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
para moverlo al segundo campo.
|
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|
Col<6F>cate pasado el signo y pulsa de nuevo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
C-Tabulador
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para mover el resto de la ecuaci<63>n al tercer campo.
|
|
|
|
|
Prueba a cambiar tu ecuaci<63>n
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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a:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
|
|
|
|
|
E & = & mc^{2}\\
|
|
|
|
|
& = & mc\times c\end{eqnarray*}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
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|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Si has escrito demasiadas l<>neas, sit<69>a el cursor al final de una de ellas
|
|
|
|
|
y usa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
M-e\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
k
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para borrar la siguiente.
|
|
|
|
|
Se eliminar<61> la alimentaci<63>n de l<>nea, concatenando la l<>nea siguiente
|
|
|
|
|
(los tres puntos de inserci<63>n) con el final de l<>nea en la que est<73>s.
|
|
|
|
|
Si aqu<71>lla est<73> vac<61>a, simplemente la borrar<61>.
|
|
|
|
|
Aviso: usar
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
M-e\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
k
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
cuando no est<73>s al final de la l<>nea puede llevar a comportamientos extra<72>os.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
M<EFBFBD>s cosas sobre matem<65>ticas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
El modo matem<65>tico puede hacer muchas cosas m<>s.
|
|
|
|
|
Por ahora te has familiarizado con lo b<>sico, as<61> que dir<69>gete a la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
si quieres buscar trucos para:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Etiquetar y numerar expresiones.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Cambiar el tipo de letra (i.e., escribir texto en negrita dentro de una expresi<73>n).
|
|
|
|
|
Aprovechamos para decirte que pulsando en el bot<6F>n
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Modo\InsetSpace ~
|
|
|
|
|
de\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
F<EFBFBD>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
de la barra de herramientas dentro de una expresi<73>n te permitir<69> escribir
|
|
|
|
|
con tipo de letra normal hasta que introduzcas un espacio (no protegido).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Ajustar los tama<6D>os de letra y el espaciado en una expresi<73>n.
|
|
|
|
|
(No te preocupes de estas cosas hasta el borrador final).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Escribir macros.
|
|
|
|
|
Son muy potentes, ya que te permiten definirlas al principio del documento,
|
|
|
|
|
y usarlas en cualquier parte de <20>l.
|
|
|
|
|
Si cambias la definici<63>n de una macro, las referencias a ella cambiar<61>n
|
|
|
|
|
en todo el documento.
|
|
|
|
|
Las macros pueden incluso tomar par<61>metros.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Hacer un mont<6E>n de cosas m<>s que no tenemos tiempo de contarte en este
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tutorial
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Chapter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Miscel<EFBFBD>neo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Otras caracter<65>sticas importantes de LyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
No hemos tratado todos los posibles comandos de LyX, y no tenemos intenci<63>n
|
|
|
|
|
de hacerlo.
|
|
|
|
|
Como siempre, ve a la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para m<>s informaci<63>n.
|
|
|
|
|
La funci<63>n exacta de cada comando del men<65> se describe en el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Manual de Referencia
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
S<>lo mencionaremos un par m<>s de cosas importantes que LyX puede hacer\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
LyX posee soporte WYSIWYG para tablas.
|
|
|
|
|
Usa el comando
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
I
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Ta
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
b
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
la
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para crear una.
|
|
|
|
|
Pincha en la tabla con el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
bot<EFBFBD>n derecho
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para que aparezca la ventana de Formato de
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tabla
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, que te ofrece extensas posibilidades de edici<63>n de la tabla.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
LyX tambi<62>n permite incluir gr<67>ficos PostScript<70> (o LaTeX puro).
|
|
|
|
|
Lo adivinaste:
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
I
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Fi
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
g
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ura
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|
|
|
|
Despu<70>s pincha en la figura para elegir el fichero que quieres incluir,
|
|
|
|
|
rotarla, escalarla, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
Tanto las tablas como las figuras tienen etiqueta, y LyX genera autom<6F>ticamente
|
|
|
|
|
listas de figuras y/o de tablas.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Soporte de control de versiones, usando RCS (
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
man rcsintro
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para m<>s informaci<63>n).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
LyX es altamente configurable.
|
|
|
|
|
Todo, desde el aspecto de la ventana hasta la forma de la salida, puede
|
|
|
|
|
ser configurado de m<>ltiples maneras.
|
|
|
|
|
Gran parte de la configuraci<63>n se lleva a cabo editando el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
lyxrc
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Actualmente, tienes que editar el fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
lyxrc
|
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\family default
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con un editor de texto.
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Los programadores esperan crear una interfaz para la configuraci<63>n dentro
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de LyX.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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Para m<>s informaci<63>n sobre esto, echa un vistazo a
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\family sans
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A
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\bar under
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y
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\bar default
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uda\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Personalizaci<EFBFBD>n\SpecialChar \@.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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LyX est<73> siendo desarrollado por un equipo de programadores en los cinco
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continentes.
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De esta forma, tiene mejor soporte para otros idiomas adem<65>s del ingl<67>s
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(como holand<6E>s, alem<65>n, griego, checo, turco, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
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) que muchos procesadores
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de texto.
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Puedes escribir documentos en otros idiomas, pero tambi<62>n puedes configurar
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LyX para que muestre los men<65>s y los mensajes de error en otras lenguas.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Los men<65>s de LyX tienen asociadas combinaciones de teclas.
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Esto significa que puedes hacer
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\family sans
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\bar under
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A
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\bar default
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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\bar under
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A
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\bar default
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brir
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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tecleando
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\family sans
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M-F
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\family default
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seguido de
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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O
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Las asociaciones de teclas tambi<62>n son configurables (y puede haber asociacione
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s incluso para algunos de los men<65>s traducidos del ingl<67>s).
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Para m<>s informaci<63>n, busca en
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\family sans
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A
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\bar under
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y
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\bar default
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uda\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Personalizaci<EFBFBD>n\SpecialChar \@.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX puede leer documentos LaTeX.
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Ver Sec.
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:relyx}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Corrige los errores ortogr<67>ficos de tu documento con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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E
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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dici<EFBFBD>n\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Ortograf<EFBFBD>a
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\SpecialChar \@.
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\begin_inset Foot
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Ten en cuenta que el corrector ortogr<67>fico s<>lo comprueba desde el cursor
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hasta el final del documento.
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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LyX para usuarios de LaTeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:latexusers}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Si no sabes nada de LaTeX, no tienes que leer esta secci<63>n.
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Realmente, puede que quieras
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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aprender
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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algo sobre LaTeX, y entonces leas este cap<61>tulo.
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Sin embargo, a mucha gente que empieza a usar LyX, LaTeX le ser<65> familiar.
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Si ese es tu caso, te estar<61>s preguntando si verdaderamente LyX puede hacer
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todo lo que hace LaTeX.
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La respuesta corta es que, de una forma u otra, puede hacer pr<70>cticamente
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todo lo que hace <20>ste, simplificando en gran medida el proceso de escritura
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de un documento mediante LaTeX.
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Actualmente hay algunos problemas convirtiendo antiguos documentos LaTeX
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y en un par de cosas m<>s, pero las versiones posteriores subsanar<61>n esto.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Como s<>lo se trata de un tutorial, vamos a mencionar <20>nicamente aquellas
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cosas que los nuevos usuarios de LyX vayan a encontrar interesantes.
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Para mantener corto el
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Tutorial
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, vamos a dar informaci<63>n m<>nima.
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La
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Gu<EFBFBD>a del Usuario
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ya posee una gran cantidad de informaci<63>n sobre las diferencias entre LyX
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y LaTeX, y de c<>mo hacer varios trucos de LaTeX en LyX.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Modo TeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Todo lo que introduzcas en modo TeX se imprimir<69> en rojo en la pantalla,
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y ser<65> pasado directamente a LaTeX.
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Entra en este modo con
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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F
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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ormato\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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Estilo\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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T
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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eX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o pinchando en el bot<6F>n con TeX escrito en rojo de la barra de herramientas.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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En el modo matem<65>tico, el modo TeX se maneja de forma ligeramente diferente.
|
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En este caso para entrar tienes que introducir una contrabarra
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\backslash
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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Esta no saldr<64> en pantalla, pero todo lo que escribas de ah<61> en adelante
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aparecer<65> en rojo.
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Para salir pulsa
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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o cualquier otro car<61>cter no alfab<61>tico, como un n<>mero, el subrayado,
|
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el circunflejo o el par<61>ntesis.
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Una vez que salgas del modo TeX, si LyX conoce el comando que acabas de
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introducir lo convertir<69> a formato WYSIWYM.
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As<41>, si en modo matem<65>tico escribes
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\backslash
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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gamma
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, cuando pulses
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Espacio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
, LyX convertir<69> el texto en rojo en una
|
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|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $\gamma$
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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de color azul.
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Esto funcionar<61> para casi todas las macros matem<65>ticas que no sean muy
|
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complejas (aunque debes tener en cuenta que funciones como
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\backslash
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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sin
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
permanecen en rojo, ya que esa es su forma WYSIWYM).
|
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|
Este sistema puede ser m<>s r<>pido que usar el
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Panel de F<>rmulas
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
, especialmente para usuarios experimentados de LaTeX.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Como caso particular cabe comentar que si escribes una llave en modo TeX
|
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|
dentro de una expresi<73>n matem<65>tica, aparecer<65>n en rojo tanto la llave de
|
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|
|
apertura como una de cierre, se te sacar<61>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph on
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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fuera
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\emph default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
del modo TeX y se situar<61> el cursor entre las llaves.
|
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|
Esto hace que sea m<>s pr<70>ctico para escribir comandos LaTeX que el modo
|
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|
matem<65>tico no conoce y que toman un par<61>metro.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
LyX no puede hacer absolutamente todo lo que hace LaTeX (<28>todav<61>a no?).
|
|
|
|
|
Algunas funciones muy elaboradas no est<73>n soportadas, mientras que algunas
|
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|
funcionan pero no son WYSIWYG.
|
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El modo TeX permite a los usuarios disponer de la completa flexibilidad
|
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|
de LaTeX, a la vez que gozan de las <20>tiles caracter<65>sticas de LyX, como
|
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las matem<65>ticas WYSIWYG, las tablas y la edici<63>n de texto.
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LyX no podr<64>a abarcar nunca todos los paquetes de LaTeX.
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Sin embargo, escribiendo
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\backslash
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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usepackage{nombre_paquete}
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en el pre<72>mbulo (ver Secci<63>n
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:preamble}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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), puedes utilizar el paquete que quieras (aunque no tendr<64>s soporte WYSIWYG
|
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para las caracter<65>sticas de ese paquete).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Importar documentos LaTeX:
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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reLyX
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:relyx}
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Puedes importar un fichero LaTeX usando el comando
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family sans
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar under
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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I
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\bar default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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mportar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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LaTeX
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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.
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<20>ste llamar<61> a un programa Perl llamado reLyX, que crear<61> un fichero
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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fich.lyx
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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a partir del fichero
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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fich.tex
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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y lo abrir<69>.
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Si la traducci<63>n no funciona, puedes probar a ejecutar
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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reLyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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desde la l<>nea de comandos
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\begin_inset Foot
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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status collapsed
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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Cuando LyX se instala, se crea un fichero ejecutable separado llamado
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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reLyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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en el mismo directorio que el propio
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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(i.e.,
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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/usr/local/bin/reLyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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).
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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reLyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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requiere Perl (versi<73>n 5.002 en el momento de escribir esto).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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, posiblemente usando opciones m<>s complejas.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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reLyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
traducir<69> la mayor<6F>a de los comandos legales de LaTeX, pero no todo.
|
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|
Dejar<61> lo que no entienda en modo TeX, as<61> que despu<70>s de la traducci<63>n
|
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|
puedes buscar el texto en rojo y editarlo a mano para tratar de arreglarlo.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\end_layout
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
reLyX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
tiene su propia p<>gina del manual.
|
|
|
|
|
L<>ela si quieres conocer los comandos y entornos de LaTeX que no admite,
|
|
|
|
|
fallos (y c<>mo evitarlos), y c<>mo usar las distintas opciones.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Convertir documentos LyX a LaTeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Puede que desees convertir un documento LyX en un fichero LaTeX.
|
|
|
|
|
Por ejemplo, un compa<70>ero de trabajo o colaborador que no tiene LyX puede
|
|
|
|
|
querer leerlo.
|
|
|
|
|
Esto se soluciona muy f<>cilmente con LyX.
|
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|
Selecciona
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family sans
|
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\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
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|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
rchivo\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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|
E
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
xportar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
como\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
LaTeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
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|
|
Se crear<61> un fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
cualquiera.tex
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
a partir del fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
cualquiera.lyx
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
que est<73>s editando.
|
|
|
|
|
Al fin y al cabo, el programa siempre genera ficheros temporales LaTeX
|
|
|
|
|
cuando visualiza o imprime los documentos, as<61> que no tiene ning<6E>n problema
|
|
|
|
|
para hacer esto.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Pre<EFBFBD>mbulo LaTeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
Clase de documento
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
|
El men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
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|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
F
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
ormato\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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D
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
ocumento
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
se encarga de muchas de las opciones que introducir<69>as en un comando
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
documentclass
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Cambia aqu<71> la clase del documento, el tama<6D>o de letra por defecto y el
|
|
|
|
|
tama<6D>o del papel.
|
|
|
|
|
Pon cualquier opci<63>n adicional en la zona de
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Opciones\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
e
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
x
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
tra
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
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|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
.
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Otros aspectos del pre<72>mbulo
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:preamble}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Si tienes que poner comandos especiales en el pre<72>mbulo de un fichero LaTeX,
|
|
|
|
|
tambi<62>n puedes hacerlo en un documento de LyX.
|
|
|
|
|
Elige
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
F
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ormato\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Pre<EFBFBD>mbulo\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
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|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
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|
L
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
atex
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
y escribe en la ventana que aparecer<65>.
|
|
|
|
|
Todo lo que introduzcas se le pasar<61> directamente a LaTeX (como el modo
|
|
|
|
|
TeX).
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
BibTeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
LyX tiene un soporte de BibTeX bueno pero incompleto, el cual te permite
|
|
|
|
|
construir bases de datos de referencias bibliogr<67>ficas que pueden usarse
|
|
|
|
|
en m<>ltiples documentos.
|
|
|
|
|
Selecciona en el men<65>
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
I
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Listas\InsetSpace ~
|
|
|
|
|
e\InsetSpace ~
|
|
|
|
|
<EFBFBD>ndice\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
gral.\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Referencia\InsetSpace ~
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
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|
\bar under
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
B
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\bar default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ibTeX
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
|
|
|
|
para incluir un fichero
|
2005-07-18 09:42:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
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bib
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\family default
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.
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Pincha en el cuadro resultante de
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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Referencias BibTeX generadas
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y obtendr<64>s un men<65>
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\family sans
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BibTeX
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\family default
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.
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En el campo
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\family sans
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Base\InsetSpace ~
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de\InsetSpace ~
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Datos
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\family default
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escribe aquello que pondr<64>as dentro de las llaves del comando
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\backslash
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bibliography{}
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Como en LaTeX normal, dos o m<>s bibiograf<61>as deben separarse por comas,
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sin espacios en blanco.
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\end_layout
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En el campo de
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Estilo
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, escribe aquello que corresponda al comando
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\backslash
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bibliographystyle{}
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Despu<EFBFBD>s de hacer esto, puedes hacer referencia a cualquier entrada de las
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bibliograf<61>as que hayas incluido mediante
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\bar default
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Referenc
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\bar under
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i
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\bar default
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a\InsetSpace ~
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a\InsetSpace ~
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Cita
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(ver Secci<63>n
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:bibliographies}
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).
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El programa se preocupar<61> de ejecutar BibTeX.
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La raz<61>n por la que decimos
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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soporte bueno pero incompleto
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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es que LyX no es capaz de crear ficheros
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\family typewriter
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bib
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\family default
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, y adem<65>s no te ofrece la lista con las referencias de tu fichero
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\family typewriter
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bib
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\family default
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en la ventana
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\family sans
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Cita
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\family default
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Miscel<EFBFBD>neo
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Inserta un espacio protegido con
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\family sans
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C-espacio
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\family default
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.
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Aparecer<65> en pantalla como una peque<75>a
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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u
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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rosa.
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Hay montones a lo largo de este
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\emph on
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Tutorial\SpecialChar \@.
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\emph default
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En el men<65>
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\family sans
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\bar under
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I
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\bar default
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nsertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Car<EFBFBD>cter\InsetSpace ~
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Especial
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\family default
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ver<65>s otros caracteres especiales, incluyendo puntos suspensivos, salto
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de l<>nea forzoso y punto de ruptura de palabra.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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<EFBFBD>Errores!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2004-06-02 13:40:06 +00:00
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A veces, al ejecutar LaTeX habr<62> errores, cosas que LyX o el propio LaTeX
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no entienden.
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Cuando esto sucede, LyX crea un recuadro de error (con la palabra
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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error
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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dentro).
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Pulsando sobre el recuadro se abrir<69> una ventana que muestra el mensaje
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de error concreto.
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Si se trata de algo que has hecho mal con LyX, ser<65> un error de LyX.
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Estos errores son muy raros.
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Si el problema es de LaTeX (la mayor<6F>a de las veces ocurre con cosas que
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has escrito en modo TeX) LyX se limitar<61> a citar el mensaje de error que
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<20>ste le devuelve.
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\end_layout
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\end_body
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\end_document
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