mirror of
https://git.lyx.org/repos/lyx.git
synced 2024-12-04 22:32:19 +00:00
4716 lines
93 KiB
Plaintext
4716 lines
93 KiB
Plaintext
|
#LyX 1.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
|
|||
|
\lyxformat 221
|
|||
|
\textclass book
|
|||
|
\language english
|
|||
|
\inputencoding latin1
|
|||
|
\fontscheme default
|
|||
|
\graphics none
|
|||
|
\paperfontsize default
|
|||
|
\spacing single
|
|||
|
\papersize Default
|
|||
|
\paperpackage a4
|
|||
|
\use_geometry 0
|
|||
|
\use_amsmath 0
|
|||
|
\use_natbib 0
|
|||
|
\use_numerical_citations 0
|
|||
|
\paperorientation portrait
|
|||
|
\secnumdepth 3
|
|||
|
\tocdepth 2
|
|||
|
\paragraph_separation indent
|
|||
|
\defskip medskip
|
|||
|
\quotes_language english
|
|||
|
\quotes_times 2
|
|||
|
\papercolumns 1
|
|||
|
\papersides 2
|
|||
|
\paperpagestyle headings
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Title
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The LyX Tutorial
|
|||
|
\layout Author
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by the LyX Team
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Principal maintainer of this file is
|
|||
|
\noun on
|
|||
|
Amir Karger
|
|||
|
\noun default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX
|
|||
|
Documentation mailing list, <lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org>.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Chapter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Introduction
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Welcome to LyX!
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This file is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or don't
|
|||
|
know it very well.
|
|||
|
Now, don't panic - you won't need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
|
|||
|
That is, after all, the whole point of LyX: to provide an almost-WYSIWYG
|
|||
|
interface to LaTeX.
|
|||
|
There are some things you will need to learn, however, in order to use
|
|||
|
LyX effectively.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Some of you probably found your way to this document because you tried to
|
|||
|
put two spaces after a
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or tried to put 3 blank lines between paragraphs.
|
|||
|
After much frustration, you found you couldn't.
|
|||
|
In fact, you'll find that most of the little tricks you're accustomed to
|
|||
|
using in other word processors just won't work in LyX.
|
|||
|
That's because most word processors you've used before allow you to manually
|
|||
|
enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
|
|||
|
So you end up not only writing a document but typesetting it, too.
|
|||
|
LyX does the typesetting for you, in a consistent fashion, letting you
|
|||
|
focus on the important things, like the content of your writing.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
So, bear with us and read on.
|
|||
|
Reading this tutorial is definitely worth the time.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What the Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
is
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
and What it
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
isn't
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Before we get started with this section, we want to make a quick note of
|
|||
|
something.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
uses the notation outlined in the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Introduction
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
If you came to this manual first, go read the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Introduction
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
Yes, we mean now.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now that you know which fonts mean what, we want to talk a bit about what
|
|||
|
this
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
is for.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Getting the Most out of the Tutorial
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
|
|||
|
To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
|
|||
|
typing all the silly little things we're telling you to type and trying
|
|||
|
out all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
|
|||
|
For convenience, you might want to print out the PostScript<70> version of
|
|||
|
this document.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you are familiar with LaTeX, you'll probably be able to read the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
somewhat faster, since many LyX ideas are just LaTeX ideas in disguise.
|
|||
|
However, LyX does have idiosyncrasies
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or, more optimistically,
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
features
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
you'll want to learn about.
|
|||
|
Even if you don't feel like reading the rest of the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, you should definitely check out Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:latexusers}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, which is specifically written for experienced LaTeX users.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What You
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Won't
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
Find:
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Detailed explanations of all of LyX's features.
|
|||
|
\begin_deeper
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What, you want the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
twice?
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Seriously, though, we're here to get you up and running so that all you
|
|||
|
need is the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
If we tried to duplicate all of the information about all of LyX's features
|
|||
|
in here, the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
would be redundant, too long, and forever out of date.
|
|||
|
All we do here is introduce things; imagine there is a
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
see the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
at the end of every section.
|
|||
|
\end_deeper
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Detailed explanations of LaTeX.
|
|||
|
\begin_deeper
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Unnecessary.
|
|||
|
If you're really curious about learning some of the neat tricks you can
|
|||
|
do with LaTeX, you can always go get a LaTeX book.
|
|||
|
There are several good ones on the market.
|
|||
|
No need to reinvent the wheel, after all\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_deeper
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
So, brave soul, it's time to move onwards.
|
|||
|
Time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Chapter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Getting Started with LyX
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Your First LyX Document
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:first-doc-ex}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
OK\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
You're ready to start writing.
|
|||
|
Before you do, though, there are a few things we need to mention, which
|
|||
|
will hopefully make the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
more instructive, useful, and fun.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Because there's lots of information that we won't be giving you, the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
first
|
|||
|
\series medium
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
thing that you need to do is find the
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
other
|
|||
|
\series medium
|
|||
|
help files.
|
|||
|
Luckily, this is very simple.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
Start up LyX.
|
|||
|
Choose the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
H
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
elp
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu.
|
|||
|
You may want to load the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
as well (if you're not reading it on screen already).
|
|||
|
This way, you can read them while you're writing your own file
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
They can also serve as good examples of how to use the many features of
|
|||
|
LyX.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Note that once you've got more than one document open, you can use the
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ocuments
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu to switch between them.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
will not cover in detail subjects which are described in the other LyX
|
|||
|
manuals.
|
|||
|
This may make life a bit harder for you at the beginning, but it will keep
|
|||
|
the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
short.
|
|||
|
It will also get you in the habit of using the other manuals, which ---
|
|||
|
in the long run --- will save you a lot of time.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In this
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, we're going to assume that you have a fully working version of LyX, as
|
|||
|
well as LaTeX,
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
xdvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
or some other dvi viewer,
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvips
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
or some other way of converting
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
documents to PostScript<70> documents, and a working printer.
|
|||
|
This is a lot to assume.
|
|||
|
If any of this is not true, you (or a friendly system administrator) will
|
|||
|
need to set up your system.
|
|||
|
You can find information on setup in other manuals.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally, we've written a file to let you practice your LyX skills on.
|
|||
|
It's called
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Imagine that it was typed by someone who didn't know about any of LyX's
|
|||
|
great features.
|
|||
|
As you learn new LyX functions, we'll suggest that you fix those parts
|
|||
|
of
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
It also contains
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
subtle
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
hints about how to fix things
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The hints are located in yellow
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Notes
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Access the text in a note by clicking on it.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
If you want to cheat (or check what you've done), there's also a file called
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_lyxified.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
which contains the same text as written and typeset by a LyX master.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The example files can be found in the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
examples/
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
directory, which you can get to by selecting
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
O
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
pen
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and then clicking on the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
xamples
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button.
|
|||
|
Open the raw document, and use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Save
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
A
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
s
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to save a copy in your own directory for you to work on.
|
|||
|
As you fix parts of the raw document, check to see how those changes affect
|
|||
|
the dvi output.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By the way, the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
examples/
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
directory contains lots of other examples files.
|
|||
|
They will show you how to do various fancy things with LyX.
|
|||
|
They are especially useful to display things that (due to length or other
|
|||
|
reasons) won't fit in the documentation.
|
|||
|
After you read the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, or when you're confused about how to do something fancy in LyX, take a
|
|||
|
look at these files.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Typing, Viewing, and Printing
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Open a new file with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
N
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ew
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Type a sentence like:
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
This is my first LyX document!
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Save your document with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Save\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
A
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
s\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Run LaTeX to create a
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file, with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
V
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
VI
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
You may see things being printed in the window you ran the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
command from.
|
|||
|
These are messages from LaTeX, which you can ignore for now.
|
|||
|
LyX will run
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
xdvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
(or some other
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
viewer), which will pop up a new window displaying what your document will
|
|||
|
look like when printed.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can save time by leaving
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
xdvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
running in the background.
|
|||
|
Then, you can use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
V
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
U
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
VI
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and just click on the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
xdvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX finishes running.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Print by using
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
P
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
rint
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and hitting
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
OK\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Congratulations! You've written and printed your first LyX document.
|
|||
|
All of the rest is just details, which is covered in the rest of the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, and the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Extended
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Features
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Simple Operations
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX can of course do most of the things you're used to doing with a word
|
|||
|
processor.
|
|||
|
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
|
|||
|
Here's a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
|
|||
|
\layout Description
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
|
|||
|
you've done since your current editing session started, by selecting
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
U
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ndo
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
over and over again.
|
|||
|
If you undo too much, just select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
R
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
edo
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to get it back.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_deeper
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Currently, undo is limited to 100 steps.
|
|||
|
Undo also doesn't work for
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
everything
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
; for instance, changes to the document layout.
|
|||
|
Each of these is really a LyX bug.
|
|||
|
\end_deeper
|
|||
|
\layout Description
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Cut/Paste/Copy Use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Cut
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Copy
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Paste
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to cut, copy, and paste.
|
|||
|
Or automatically paste selected text (including selections from other programs)
|
|||
|
with the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
middle mouse button
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Description
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Find/Replace Use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ind\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
&\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Replace
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
for a search.
|
|||
|
In the dialog, search with the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ind
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button, and use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
R
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
eplace
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button to replace a word you've found
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Close the window when you're done.
|
|||
|
Or leave it open if you find it more convenient.
|
|||
|
Most dialog boxes in LyX --- including the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Find\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
&\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Replace
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Table\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
of\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Contents
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Layout
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialogs, as well as the various math dialogs can operate like this.
|
|||
|
A few dialogs, like
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
O
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
pen
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, won't let you type anything in the main LyX window until you actually
|
|||
|
close the dialog.
|
|||
|
Just be sure you have the right window focus when you're trying to type
|
|||
|
in the main LyX window or give a command in some other LyX dialog.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
If you like, you can specify whether to make the search case-sensitive,
|
|||
|
or to search for only complete words; you can also search backwards through
|
|||
|
the document.
|
|||
|
\layout Description
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Character\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Formatting You can
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
emphasize
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
text (which will generally put characters in italics), put it in
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
bold face
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
, or in
|
|||
|
\noun on
|
|||
|
Noun Style
|
|||
|
\noun default
|
|||
|
(usually small caps, used for people's names) from the toggle buttons in
|
|||
|
the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Text\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
S
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
tyle
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog.
|
|||
|
\layout Description
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Toolbar There are buttons on the toolbar (just below the menus) which allow
|
|||
|
you to do some of the more popular functions, such as
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Paste
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Print
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Of course, you haven't yet written enough to make most of these functions
|
|||
|
useful.
|
|||
|
As you write more, though, try undoing, pasting, etc.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WYSIWYM: Whitespace in LyX
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:whitespace}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
One of the hardest things for new users to get used to is the way that LyX
|
|||
|
handles whitespace.
|
|||
|
As many times as you hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, you'll only get one blank line.
|
|||
|
As many times as you hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Space
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, you'll only get one space.
|
|||
|
On a blank line, LyX won't let you type even one space.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Tab
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
key won't move you forward one tab stop; in fact there
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
are
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
no tab stops! There's no ruler at the top of the page to let you set tabs
|
|||
|
or margins, either.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Many commercial word processors are based on the WYSIWYG principle:
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What You See Is What You Get.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX, on the other hand, is based on the principle that
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What You See Is What You
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Mean
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You type what you mean, and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you,
|
|||
|
so that the output looks nice.
|
|||
|
A
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
grammatically separates paragraphs, and a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Space
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
grammatically separates words, so there is no reason to have several of
|
|||
|
them in a row; a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Tab
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
has no grammatical function at all, so LyX does not support it.
|
|||
|
Using LyX, you'll spend more of your time worrying about the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
content
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
of your document, and less time worrying about the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
format.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
See the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Introduction
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for more information on the WYSIWYM concept.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX does have (many) ways to fine-tune the formatting of your document.
|
|||
|
After all, LyX might not typeset
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
exactly
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
what you mean.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
has information about all that.
|
|||
|
It includes
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
HFill
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
s and vertical space --- which are more powerful and versatile than multiple
|
|||
|
spaces or blank lines --- and ways to change font sizes, character styles,
|
|||
|
and paragraph alignments by hand.
|
|||
|
The idea, though, is that you can write your whole document, focusing on
|
|||
|
content, and just worry about that fine-tuning at the end.
|
|||
|
With standard word processors, you'll be distracted by document formatting
|
|||
|
throughout the writing process.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Environments
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Different parts of a document have different purposes; we call these parts
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
environments
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Most of a document is made up of regular text.
|
|||
|
Section (chapter, subsection, etc.) titles let the reader know that a new
|
|||
|
topic or subtopic will be discussed.
|
|||
|
Certain types of documents have special environments.
|
|||
|
A journal article will have an abstract, and a title.
|
|||
|
A letter will have neither of these, but will probably have an environment
|
|||
|
that gives the writer's address.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Environments are a major part of the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What You See Is What You Mean
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
philosophy of LyX.
|
|||
|
A given environment may require a certain font style, font size, indenting,
|
|||
|
line spacing, and more.
|
|||
|
This problem is aggravated, because the exact formatting for a given environmen
|
|||
|
t may change: one journal may use boldface, 18 point, centered type for
|
|||
|
section titles while another uses italicized, 15 point, left justified
|
|||
|
type; different languages may have different standards for indenting; and
|
|||
|
bibliography formats can vary widely.
|
|||
|
LyX lets you avoid learning all the different formatting styles.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
box is located on the left end of the toolbar (just under the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu).
|
|||
|
It indicates which environment you're currently writing in.
|
|||
|
While you were writing your first document, it said
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Standard,
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
which is the default environment for text.
|
|||
|
Now you will put a number of environments in your new document so that
|
|||
|
you can see how they work.
|
|||
|
You'll do so with the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu, which you open by clicking on the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
down arrow
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
icon just to the right of the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
box.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sections and Subsections
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Type the word
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
Introduction
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
on the first line of your LyX file, and select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You don't have to
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
select
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
the line.
|
|||
|
If nothing is selected, LyX changes the paragraph you are currently in
|
|||
|
to the selected environment.
|
|||
|
Alternatively, you can change several paragraphs to a different environment
|
|||
|
by selecting them before picking an environment.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Be sure to use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
not
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section*
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, which will be covered below.
|
|||
|
LyX numbers the section
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and typesets the section heading (title) in a larger font.
|
|||
|
Now hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
Note that the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
box changes from
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
back to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Standard
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Section headings, like most environments, are assumed to end when you type
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
Type the document introduction:
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This is an introduction to my first LyX document.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
again, and select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu again.
|
|||
|
LyX writes a
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and waits for you to type a title.
|
|||
|
Type
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
More Stuff
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, and you'll see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It gets better.
|
|||
|
Go to the end of Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
1 again (after
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
my first LyX document
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
) and hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
again, and select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu again.
|
|||
|
Again, LyX writes
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and waits for you to type a title.
|
|||
|
Type
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
About This Document
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
More Stuff
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, which used to be Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2, has been automatically renumbered to Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
3!
|
|||
|
In true WYSIWYM fashion, you just need to identify the text that makes
|
|||
|
up the section titles, and LyX takes care of numbering the sections and
|
|||
|
typesetting them.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to get back to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Standard
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment, and type the following five lines:
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sections and subsections are described below.
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Section Description
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sections are bigger than subsections.
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subsection description
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subsections are smaller than sections.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Click on the second line and select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Subsection
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu.
|
|||
|
LyX numbers the subsection
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2.1
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, and typesets it in a font which is bigger than regular text but smaller
|
|||
|
than the section title.
|
|||
|
Change the fourth line
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Subsection
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment as well.
|
|||
|
As you probably expected, LyX automatically numbered the section
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2.2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
If you put yet another section before Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2, Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2 will be renumbered
|
|||
|
as Section 3, and the subsections will be renumbered to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.1
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Further levels of sectioning include
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Subsubsection
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Paragraph
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Subparagraph
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
We'll let you play with these on your own.
|
|||
|
You may notice that paragraph and subparagraph headings are not numbered
|
|||
|
by default, and that subparagraphs are indented; see the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
to change this.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Chapter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
headings are actually the highest level of sectioning, above
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
s, but you're only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes) of
|
|||
|
LyX documents (see Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:textclasses}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally, you may want to have sections or subsections that are not numbered.
|
|||
|
There are environments for this as well.
|
|||
|
If you change one of your section headings to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Section*
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment (you may have to scroll down in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
|
|||
|
uses for a regular section, but it won't number that section.
|
|||
|
There are corresponding
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
starred
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
heading environments for
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Subsection
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Subsubsection
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Try changing some of your sections or subsections to the starred environments,
|
|||
|
and note how the other sections' numbers are updated.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Fix the section and subsection headings in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lists and sublists
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX has several different environments for typesetting lists.
|
|||
|
The various list environments free you from hitting
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Tab
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
a million times when writing an outline, or from renumbering a whole list
|
|||
|
when you want to add a point in the middle of the list, and lets you concentrat
|
|||
|
e on the list content.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Yes, we're overemphasizing this point throughout the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
But it
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
is
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
the main philosophy of LyX, so please forgive us.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Different types of documents logically require different list environments:
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A slide presentation might use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Itemize
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment's bulleted lists to describe different points.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An outline would use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Enumerate
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment's numbered lists (and lettered sublists).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A document describing several software packages could use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Description
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
List
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment --- not found in LaTeX --- is a slightly different form of
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Description
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Let's write a list of reasons why LyX is better than other word processors.
|
|||
|
Somewhere in your document, type:
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
Lyx is better than other word processors because:
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Now select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Itemize
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu.
|
|||
|
LyX writes a
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
bullet
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(actually, an asterisk, which will be converted to a round circle on output)
|
|||
|
on the line.
|
|||
|
Type in your reasons:
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Typesetting is done for you.
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Math is WYSIWYG
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lists are very easy to create!
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
List environments, unlike headings, do not end when you type
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Instead, LyX assumes you're going on to the next item in the list.
|
|||
|
The above will therefore result in a three-item list.
|
|||
|
If you want more than one paragraph within one list
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
item
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, one way is to use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Protected\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Break
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, which you get by typing
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
C-Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
In order to get out of the list, you need to reselect the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Standard
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment (or just use the keybinding,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
M-p\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
s
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You've got a beautiful itemized list.
|
|||
|
You might want to run LaTeX to see how the list looks when printed out.
|
|||
|
But what if you wanted to number the reasons? Well, just select the whole
|
|||
|
list
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX won't let you select the first bullet unless you also select the paragraph
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
before
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
the list, which you probably don't want to do.
|
|||
|
Similarly, you can't select the actual number in a numbered section title.
|
|||
|
Don't worry about it.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and choose
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Enumerate
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu.
|
|||
|
Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
|
|||
|
numbering.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
While the list is still selected, you can change to the other two list environme
|
|||
|
nts,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Description
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
List
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, in order to see what they look like.
|
|||
|
For those two environments, each list item is made up of a term, which
|
|||
|
is the item's first word, followed by a definition, which is the rest of
|
|||
|
the paragraph (until you hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.) The term is either typeset in boldface (
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Description
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
) or separated by a
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Tab
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
But a typesetter's tab, which will change to fit the size of the largest
|
|||
|
term, not a pathetic, rigid, unchangeable typewriter
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Tab
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
List
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
) from the rest of the paragraph.
|
|||
|
If you want to have more than one word in the definition, then separate
|
|||
|
the words with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Protected\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Blank
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
s.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Typeset the list in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can nest lists within each other in all sorts of interesting ways.
|
|||
|
An obvious example would be writing outlines.
|
|||
|
Numbered and bulleted lists will have different numbering and bulleting
|
|||
|
schemes for sublists.
|
|||
|
See the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for details on the different sorts of lists, as well as examples which
|
|||
|
use
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
a lot
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
of nesting.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other Environments: Verses, Quotations, and More
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There are two environments for setting quotations apart from surrounding
|
|||
|
text:
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Quote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
for short quotes and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Quotation
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
for longer ones.
|
|||
|
Computer code (the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
LyX-Code
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment, also used in the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for the long typing examples) is written in a
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
typewriter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
font; this environment is the only place in LyX where you're allowed to
|
|||
|
use multiple spaces to allow code indenting.
|
|||
|
You can even write poetry using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Verse
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
style, using
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to separate stanzas, and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
C-Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to separate lines within a stanza.
|
|||
|
See the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for more complete descriptions of all of the available LyX environments.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Correctly typeset the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Quote, LyX-Code,
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Verse
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
in
|
|||
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|||
|
status Inlined
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
linebreak
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Chapter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Writing Documents
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The previous chapter hopefully allowed you to get used to writing in LyX.
|
|||
|
It introduced you to the basic editing operations in LyX, as well as the
|
|||
|
powerful method of writing with environments.
|
|||
|
Most people who use LyX, though, will want to write documents: papers,
|
|||
|
articles, books, manuals, or letters.
|
|||
|
This chapter is meant to take you from simply writing text with LyX to
|
|||
|
writing a complete document.
|
|||
|
It will introduce you to text classes, which allow you to write different
|
|||
|
sorts of documents.
|
|||
|
It will then describe many of the additions that turn text into a document,
|
|||
|
such as titles, footnotes, cross references, bibliographies, and tables
|
|||
|
of contents.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Text classes
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:textclasses}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Different sorts of documents should be typeset differently.
|
|||
|
For example, books are generally printed double-sided, while articles are
|
|||
|
single-sided.
|
|||
|
In addition, many documents contain special environments: letters contain
|
|||
|
some environments --- such as the sender's address and the signature ---
|
|||
|
which do not make sense in a book or article.
|
|||
|
The LyX
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
text class
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LaTeX users: this is equivalent to the LaTeX document class
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
takes care of these large scale differences between different sorts of documents.
|
|||
|
This
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
, for example, was written in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Book
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
text class.
|
|||
|
Text classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they tell
|
|||
|
LyX how to typeset the document, so you don't need to know how.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Your document is probably being written in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Article
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
text class
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
That's usually the default text class
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Try changing to other text classes (using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
S
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ettings
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog) to see how they are typeset differently.
|
|||
|
If you change your document to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Book
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
text class and look at the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu, you'll see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
|
|||
|
However, you can now use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Chapter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment.
|
|||
|
If you're ever unsure about which environments you can use in a given text
|
|||
|
class, just consult the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Font sizes, one- or two-column printing, and page headings are just some
|
|||
|
of the ways journals' typesettings differ from one another.
|
|||
|
As the Computer Age continues to mature, journals have begun accepting
|
|||
|
electronic submissions, creating LaTeX
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
style files
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
so that authors can submit correctly typeset articles.
|
|||
|
LyX is set up to support this as well.
|
|||
|
For example, LyX supports typesetting (and extra environments) for the
|
|||
|
American Mathematics Society journals using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Article\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
(AMS)
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
text class.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Here's a very quick reference to some of the text classes.
|
|||
|
See the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Special Document Classes
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
section of the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Extended Features
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
manual for many more details.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
\align center
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|||
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
|
|||
|
<features>
|
|||
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
|
|||
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
|
|||
|
<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Name
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Notes
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
<row topline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
article
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
one-sided, no chapters
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
<row topline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
article (AMS)
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
layout & environments for American Math Society
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
<row topline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
report
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
longer than article, two-sided
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
book
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
report + front and back matter
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
<row bottomline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
slides
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
transparencies (also including FoilTeX)
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
<row bottomline="true">
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
letter
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
lots of extra environments for address, signature\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
</cell>
|
|||
|
</row>
|
|||
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Templates: Writing a Letter
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
One of the most popular text classes is
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Letter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
One way to write a letter would be to open a new
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file, and choose
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Letter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
class in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
S
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ettings
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog.
|
|||
|
While this is the most obvious way to write a letter, it seems like extra
|
|||
|
work.
|
|||
|
Every time you write a business letter, you want to have your address,
|
|||
|
the address you're sending to, a body, a signature, etc.
|
|||
|
LyX therefore has a
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
template
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for letters, which contains a sample letter; once you have a template,
|
|||
|
you can just replace a couple parts of the letter with your text each time
|
|||
|
you write a letter.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Open a new file with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
New\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
from\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
T
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
emplate
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Select
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
letter.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
as the template.
|
|||
|
Save and print the file to see how the various environments are typeset.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When you look at the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu, you'll see several environments, like the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
My\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Address
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment, which don't even exist in most other text classes.
|
|||
|
Others, like
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Quote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Description
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, are familiar.
|
|||
|
You can play around for a while to figure out how the various environments
|
|||
|
work.
|
|||
|
You'll notice for example that the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Signature
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment has the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Signature:
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
in red before the actual text of the signature.
|
|||
|
This word doesn't show up in the actual letter, as you'll see if you try
|
|||
|
printing the file.
|
|||
|
It's just there to let you know where the signature goes.
|
|||
|
Also, note that it doesn't matter where in the file the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Signature
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
line is placed.
|
|||
|
Remember, LyX is WYSIWYM; you can put the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Signature
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment anywhere you want, but LyX knows that in the printout, the
|
|||
|
signature should be at the end.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A template is just a regular LyX file.
|
|||
|
This means you can fill in your address and signature and save the file
|
|||
|
as a new template.
|
|||
|
From now on, any time you want to write a letter, you can use the new template
|
|||
|
to save time.
|
|||
|
We probably don't have to suggest an actual
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
exercise
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
here; just write a letter to someone
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
One warning, if you're writing from a template.
|
|||
|
If you erase all of the text in an environment --- for example, if you
|
|||
|
erase the whole
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
My\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Address
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
field so that you can replace it with your own --- and then you move the
|
|||
|
cursor without writing any text, the environment may disappear.
|
|||
|
This is because most environments cannot exist without any text in them.
|
|||
|
Just reselect the environment from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu to get it back.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
!
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Templates can be a huge time-saver, and we urge you to use them whenever
|
|||
|
possible.
|
|||
|
In addition, they can help a person learn how to use some of the fancier
|
|||
|
text classes.
|
|||
|
Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
|
|||
|
of less computer-aware users.
|
|||
|
When they're first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if they
|
|||
|
have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Document Titles
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX (like LaTeX) considers the title --- which may contain the actual title,
|
|||
|
the author, the date, and even an abstract of a paper --- to be a separate
|
|||
|
part of the document.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Go back to your
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
newfile.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
document and make sure it's using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Article
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
text class.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You should not be using the letter any more, since the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Letter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
textclass doesn't allow titles.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Type a title on the first line, and change the line to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Title
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment.
|
|||
|
On the next line, type your name and change it to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Author
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment.
|
|||
|
On the next line, write the date in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Date
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment.
|
|||
|
Type a paragraph or two summarizing your document using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Abstract
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment.
|
|||
|
Now see how it looks when printed.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Fix the title, date, and author in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Labels and Cross-References
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:labels}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can label a section (or subsubsection, or, more rarely, just a random
|
|||
|
piece of text) in your document.
|
|||
|
Once you do so, you can refer to this section in other parts of the document,
|
|||
|
using cross-references.
|
|||
|
You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
|
|||
|
appears on.
|
|||
|
As with sections and footnotes, LyX worries about the cross-references
|
|||
|
for you.
|
|||
|
Automatic labels and cross-references are one of the best advantages of
|
|||
|
LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Your first label
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Let's mark our second section, whose title is
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
About This Document
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Click at the end of the section title line, and select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
L
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
abel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
A dialog asks you for a label name, and gives you a suggestion.
|
|||
|
When you click on
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
OK
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, the label name will be placed in a box next to the section title.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By the way, you could have put the label right anywhere within the section
|
|||
|
as well; section references will refer to the last section or subsection
|
|||
|
whose heading comes before the label.
|
|||
|
However, putting it on the same line as the section title (or, perhaps,
|
|||
|
on the first line of the section's text) ensures that page references will
|
|||
|
reference the beginning of the section.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
So far you haven't done anything --- the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file will look exactly the same, since labels don't show up in the printed
|
|||
|
document.
|
|||
|
However, now that you've added a label, you can refer to that label with
|
|||
|
cross-references.
|
|||
|
We'll do that next.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Your first cross-references
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Place the cursor somewhere in Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2 of your document.
|
|||
|
Type
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you want to know more about this document, then see
|
|||
|
\newline
|
|||
|
Section , which can be found on page .
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now --- with the cursor after the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
section
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
--- choose
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Cross\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
R
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
eference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog pops up.
|
|||
|
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
|
|||
|
At the moment, there should be only one,
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sec:aboutdocument
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Select it (it may be selected by default), and click
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Apply
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Now put the cursor after the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
page
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, and change the reference type to use the page number then click
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Apply
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
(To be really correct, you should put a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Protected\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Blank
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
in between the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Section
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and the reference.
|
|||
|
Same for the page reference.)
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX puts the references in a box right where the cursor was.
|
|||
|
In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with either
|
|||
|
the page or section number (depending on what you selected in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog).
|
|||
|
Use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
V
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
U
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
VI
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, and you'll see that on the last page we refer to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Page\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
1
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(or whatever page Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2's title is on).
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Conveniently, a cross-reference acts a hyperlink when you're editing a document
|
|||
|
in LyX; clicking on it will pop up the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog, clicking
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Go\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
to\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will move the cursor to the referenced label.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
More fun with labels
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We told you that LyX worries about numbering cross-references; now you can
|
|||
|
test that.
|
|||
|
Add a new section before Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2.
|
|||
|
Now rerun LaTeX, and --- voil<69>! --- the section cross reference changed
|
|||
|
to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
! Change
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
About this Document
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to a subsection, and the cross-reference will reference Subsection\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
2.1 instead
|
|||
|
of Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
3.
|
|||
|
The page reference won't change unless you add a whole page of text before
|
|||
|
the label, of course.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you want some more practice with labels, then try putting a new label
|
|||
|
where your first cross-reference was, and refer to that label from elsewhere
|
|||
|
in the document.
|
|||
|
If you'll be inserting cross-references often (if, for example, you're
|
|||
|
writing a journal article), it may be convenient to leave the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
window open.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you want to make sure that the cross-referencing gets the pages right
|
|||
|
even for larger documents,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Copy
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
a couple pages of text from the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
to the clipboard, and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Paste
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
the stolen text into your document
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
|
|||
|
aren't allowed in the article class.
|
|||
|
If this happens, just delete the chapter title.
|
|||
|
If you want to know why this happens, see Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:textclasses}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Fix the references in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Footnotes and Margin Notes
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Footnotes can be added using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Footnote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button in the toolbar
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The button shows an arrow pointing to red text, which is just below some
|
|||
|
black text.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ootnote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
Click at the end of the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
somewhere in your document and hit the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Footnote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button.
|
|||
|
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
|
|||
|
LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
|
|||
|
Type
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX is a typesetting word processor.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now click on the button labelled
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
foot.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The footnote box disappears, leaving the button showing where the footnote
|
|||
|
marker will be in the printed text; this is called
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
folding
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
the footnote.
|
|||
|
You can unfold the footnote at any time --- and re-edit its text, if you
|
|||
|
want --- by clicking again on the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
foot
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
button.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may wonder why the footnote button is a word instead of a number.
|
|||
|
The answer is that LyX worries about the footnote numbering for you in
|
|||
|
the printed text.
|
|||
|
You can see this yourself by looking at the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file (or printout).
|
|||
|
If you add other footnotes, LyX will renumber the footnotes.
|
|||
|
Since LyX (well, LaTeX, actually) takes care of the footnote numbering,
|
|||
|
there's really no need to put the numbers in the LyX file.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A footnote can be cut and pasted like normal text.
|
|||
|
Go ahead; try it! All you need to do is select the footnote button
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It may be easier to select it using the keyboard.
|
|||
|
You might accidentally open the footnote if you're trying to select the
|
|||
|
marker itself with the mouse.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Cut
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Paste
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
it.
|
|||
|
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
|
|||
|
and hitting the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Footnote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button; change a footnote to regular text by clicking the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Footnote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button when the cursor is in a footnote.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Margin notes can be added using the toolbar button (the button shows an
|
|||
|
arrow pointing to red text next to (i.e., in the margin of) black text, and
|
|||
|
should be next to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Insert\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Footnote
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button in the toolbar.) or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
M
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
arginal\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Note
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
Margin notes are like footnotes, except that:
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
the on-screen boxes say
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
margin
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
instead of
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
foot
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
the notes will be placed in the margin, instead of below the text
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
margin notes are not numbered
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Change your LyX footnote back to text, then select and change it to a margin
|
|||
|
note.
|
|||
|
Run LaTeX again to see what the margin note looks like.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Fix the footnote in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bibliographies
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:bibliographies}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
|
|||
|
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
|
|||
|
and they can be referenced from within the document.
|
|||
|
Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
|
|||
|
numbering the bibliography items and changing citations when the items'
|
|||
|
numbers change.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Go to the end of the document and switch to the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Bibliography
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
environment.
|
|||
|
Now, each paragraph you type will be a reference.
|
|||
|
Type
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
The Lyx Tutorial, by the LyX Documentation Team
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
as your first reference.
|
|||
|
Note that LyX automatically puts a number in a box before each reference.
|
|||
|
Click on the boxed reference number, and a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Bibliography\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
item
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog box appears.
|
|||
|
You use the first field, the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Key
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, to refer to this reference within the LyX document.
|
|||
|
By default, it is a number.
|
|||
|
Change the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Key
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
field to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
lyxtutorial
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to make it easy to remember.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now pick somewhere in your document that you would like to insert a reference.
|
|||
|
Do so with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
itation\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Reference\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
A
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Citation
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog appears.
|
|||
|
The right panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and
|
|||
|
this field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
|
|||
|
Select
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
lyxtutorial
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(right now, that's the only item in the bibliography), then use the left
|
|||
|
arrow in the center to insert it.
|
|||
|
(You can have multiple citations in the same place by transferring a number
|
|||
|
of keys this way.) Now run LaTeX, and you'll see that the citation appears
|
|||
|
in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end of the
|
|||
|
document.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
How are the other fields used? The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Text\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
aft
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
e
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
r
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
field in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Citation
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog will put a remark (such as a reference to a page or chapter within
|
|||
|
the referenced book or article) in the brackets after the reference.
|
|||
|
If you want the references to have labels instead of numbers in the printed
|
|||
|
output (for example, some journals would use
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[Smi95]
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to refer to a paper written by Smith in 1995), use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
L
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
abel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
field in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Bibliography\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
item
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog.
|
|||
|
As usual, you can see the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for details.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise:
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
Fix the bibliography and citation in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Table of Contents
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may want to put a table of contents at the beginning of your document.
|
|||
|
LyX makes this very easy to do.
|
|||
|
Just hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
after your document title and before your first section title and choose
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
List\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
/\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
T
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
O
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Table\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
of\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ontents
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
The words
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Table of Contents
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
will appear in a button on the first line of the document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This may not appear to be very useful.
|
|||
|
However, if you look at your
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file, you will see that a table of contents has been generated, listing
|
|||
|
the various sections and subsections in your document.
|
|||
|
As usual, if you reorder sections or create new ones, you will see those
|
|||
|
changes in the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file when you update it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document,
|
|||
|
because you can't edit it anyway.
|
|||
|
However, you can display the table of contents in a separate window by
|
|||
|
clicking on the table of contents button, or by using
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
T
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
able\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
of\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Contents
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
The menu command will work even if you don't have a table of contents inset
|
|||
|
in your document.
|
|||
|
This is a very useful tool.
|
|||
|
You can use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Table\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
of\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Contents
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
window to move around your document.
|
|||
|
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Table\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
of\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Contents
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
window will highlight that line and move the cursor (in the LyX editing
|
|||
|
window) to that place in the document.
|
|||
|
You can also use the arrow keys to move up and down in the table of contents.
|
|||
|
You may therefore find it convenient to leave this window open throughout
|
|||
|
editing sessions.
|
|||
|
You can get similar functionality from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
N
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
avigate
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
menu, though, where the table of contents appears automatically.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To get rid of the Table of Contents, you can delete the table of contents
|
|||
|
button just like any other text.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Fix the table of contents in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\layout Chapter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Using Math
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LaTeX is used by many scientists because it outputs great looking equations,
|
|||
|
avoiding the control characters used by word processors and their equation
|
|||
|
editors.
|
|||
|
Many of these scientists are frustrated, however, because writing equations
|
|||
|
in LaTeX is more like programming than writing.
|
|||
|
Happily, LyX has WYSIWYM support for equations.
|
|||
|
If you are used to LaTeX, you'll find that all of the usual LaTeX math
|
|||
|
commands can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
|
|||
|
If, on the other hand, you've never written in LaTeX, then the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will allow you to write professional-looking math quickly and easily
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX can't check if the math you're writing is actually
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
correct
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Sorry.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Math Mode
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Somewhere in your LyX document, type:
|
|||
|
\layout LyX-Code
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I like what Einstein said, E=mc^2, because it's so simple.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now, that equation doesn't look very good, even in the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file; there's no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you'd
|
|||
|
like to write an actual superscript for the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
That bad typesetting happened because we didn't tell LyX that we were writing
|
|||
|
a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular old
|
|||
|
text.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
|
|||
|
In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button with
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{a+b}{c}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
written on it in blue.
|
|||
|
LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
|
|||
|
LyX has placed the cursor in the blue square, so just type
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
E=mc^2
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
again.
|
|||
|
The expression is typed in blue, and the blue square disappears as soon
|
|||
|
as the formula is not empty.
|
|||
|
Now type
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Esc
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to leave the equation The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor
|
|||
|
to the right of the expression, and now if you type something, it will
|
|||
|
be regular text.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Run LaTeX and look at the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file.
|
|||
|
Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
|
|||
|
letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Letters in math mode are assumed to be variables, and come out in italics.
|
|||
|
Numbers are just numbers.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This math editor is another example of the WYSIWYM philosophy.
|
|||
|
In LaTeX, you write a mathematical expression using text and commands like
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
sqrt
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
; this can be frustrating, because you can't see what an expression looks
|
|||
|
like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find missing
|
|||
|
brackets or other
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
bugs
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
On the other hand, LyX doesn't attempt to get the expression to look perfect
|
|||
|
(WYSIWYG), but it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression
|
|||
|
will look like.
|
|||
|
LaTeX then takes care of the professional typesetting.
|
|||
|
99% of the time, you won't have to make any changes to the font sizes or
|
|||
|
spacing that LaTeX outputs.
|
|||
|
This way (sorry to be so repetitive) you can focus on the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
content
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
of your mathematical expressions, not their format.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Navigating an Equation
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now let's change
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=1+mc^{2}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Use the arrow keys to move the cursor into the expression.
|
|||
|
Note that when you enter the expression, the purple markers appear to let
|
|||
|
you know you're editing math.
|
|||
|
Now you can use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Left
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Right
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to move the cursor past the equals sign, and just type
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1+
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Again, you can use the arrow keys or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Esc
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to leave the formula\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other than the special keys described below, typing in math mode is like
|
|||
|
editing regular text.
|
|||
|
Use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Delete
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
(or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Backspace
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
) to delete things.
|
|||
|
Select text either with the arrow keys or with the mouse.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
U
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ndo
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
works in math mode, as does cutting and pasting.
|
|||
|
One thing to be careful of: if you're right outside a formula and you type
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Delete
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
(or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Backspace
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
), it will delete the whole expression.
|
|||
|
Luckily, you can just use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Undo
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to get it back.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What if you want to change
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2.5}+1$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
? Again, you can use the mouse to click in the right place.
|
|||
|
However, you can also use the arrow keys.
|
|||
|
If the cursor is just after the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
c
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
but before the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, then typing
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Up
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will move the cursor to the level of the superscript, just before the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Add the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.5
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Now, hitting
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Down
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
|
|||
|
In fact, if you hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Down
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from anywhere within the superscript, the cursor will be placed just
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
after
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
the superscript (so that you can then type the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
+1
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Exponents and Indices
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An exponent can be entered from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
(see below), but it's actually simpler just to type the caret key,
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
^
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
LyX will place another blue rectangle in the superscript, so that whatever
|
|||
|
you write next will be superscripted, and in a smaller font size.
|
|||
|
Everything you type until you hit a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Space
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
(or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Esc
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to exit Mathed entirely) will be in the superscript.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy --- start one by typing the
|
|||
|
underscore key,
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
You can subscript and superscript both subscripts and superscripts like
|
|||
|
this:
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Put equation 1 of
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
into math mode.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math Panel
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform many complicated Mathed
|
|||
|
functions.
|
|||
|
Many of these functions can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
M
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ath
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
Mat
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
h
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
menus.
|
|||
|
However, we're going to concentrate on using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, just to let you know what's out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
|
|||
|
later, from other manuals.
|
|||
|
So open it using
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
Mat
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
h
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Pane
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
l
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
now and leave it open while reading this section.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Right-clicking on a formula will open the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
for you.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Greek and symbols
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
|
|||
|
arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
|
|||
|
Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
|
|||
|
limits on sums and integrals.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Nothing you can do that can't be done\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|||
|
All you need is
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Square roots, accents, and delimiters
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To type a square root, just click on the button with a square root sign
|
|||
|
on it.
|
|||
|
The square root appears, and the cursor is in a new insertion point inside
|
|||
|
the square root.
|
|||
|
You can type variables, numbers, other square roots, fractions, whatever
|
|||
|
you want.
|
|||
|
LyX will automatically resize the square root to fit what's inside.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Accenting a character (
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
) or group of characters (
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
) is done the same way.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Decoration
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
types are available from the panel.
|
|||
|
Click on a decoration, and LyX will insert that decoration with an insertion
|
|||
|
point under (or over) it.
|
|||
|
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
|
|||
|
There are two sets of decorations: those that resize with the text you
|
|||
|
type, and those that have fixed size, and are most appropriate for a single
|
|||
|
letter.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
|
|||
|
are a bit more complicated.
|
|||
|
Hit the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Delimiter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button, which features a blue square surrounded by brackets, to pop up
|
|||
|
the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Delimiter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog.
|
|||
|
Your current selection of delimiters is displayed in a box.
|
|||
|
It's a pair of parentheses by default, but you can choose a pair of braces,
|
|||
|
a brace and a parenthesis, or even choose the empty square to have something
|
|||
|
like
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $a=\left\langle 7\right.$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in LyX, but won't show
|
|||
|
up in the output).
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you're lazy, you can type actual parentheses in math mode, rather than
|
|||
|
using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Delimiter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
window.
|
|||
|
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
|
|||
|
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
|
|||
|
Using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Delimiter
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
window will guarantee that the delimiters are sized based on what's inside
|
|||
|
them.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can also put delimiters or a square root sign or a decoration on already
|
|||
|
existing text.
|
|||
|
Select the portion of the formula that you want to adjust, and then click
|
|||
|
on the button you want from the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Try using this to change Newton's second law from scalar to vector form
|
|||
|
(
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $f=ma$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{f}=m\overrightarrow{a}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
Once you've learned about matrices, this is how you'll put parentheses
|
|||
|
or brackets around them.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fractions
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fractions are very simple in Mathed.
|
|||
|
Just click on the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Fraction
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, which shows a fraction with blue squares in the numerator and the denominator.
|
|||
|
LyX writes two insertion points in a fraction.
|
|||
|
As you would expect, you can use arrow keys or the mouse to move around
|
|||
|
a fraction.
|
|||
|
Click on the top square and type
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Now hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Down
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and type
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
You've made a fraction! Of course you can type anything within each of
|
|||
|
the two boxes: variables with exponents, square roots, other fractions,
|
|||
|
whatever.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Put equation 2 of
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
into math mode.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TeX mode: Limits, log, sin and others
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Because letters in math mode are considered to be variables, if you type
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sin
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
in math mode, LyX thinks you're typing the product of the three variables
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $s$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
,
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $i$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, and
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $n$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
The three letters will be typeset in italics, when what you really wanted
|
|||
|
was the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sin
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
typeset in Roman.
|
|||
|
In addition, LyX won't put a space between the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sin
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and the
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
x
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(typing
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Space
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will just exit math mode).
|
|||
|
So how do you get
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\sin x$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
instead of
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $sinx$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
?
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Click on
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sin
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Functions
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
list in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
The word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sin
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
is written in black, in upright roman type.
|
|||
|
The whole word is treated as one symbol, so if you type
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Backspace
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, it will delete the whole word.
|
|||
|
Now type
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
x
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, which will be written in blue italics, like you expect in Mathed.
|
|||
|
In the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
dvi
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file, the expression will be correctly typeset.
|
|||
|
Try it.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other commands you need to type in TeX mode using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Functions
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
box include other trigonometric functions and their inverses, hyperbolic
|
|||
|
functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
|
|||
|
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\cos^{2}\theta$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Put equation 3 of
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
into math mode.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Matrices
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:matrices}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Click on the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Matrix
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
The dialog has two sliding bars which allow you to choose how many rows
|
|||
|
and columns you want in your matrix.
|
|||
|
Choose 2 rows and 3 columns and hit
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Apply
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
OK
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
LyX prints 6 insertion points in a
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $2\times3$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
matrix.
|
|||
|
As usual, you can put any sort of Mathed expression (a square root, another
|
|||
|
matrix, etc.) in each insertion point.
|
|||
|
You can also leave some of the insertion points empty if you want.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Tab
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
can be used to move horizontally between the columns of a matrix.
|
|||
|
Alternatively, you can use the arrow keys to move around - hitting
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Right
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
at the end of one box will move to the next box,
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Down
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will move to the next row, etc.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you suddenly need more rows or columns, use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
M
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ath\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Add\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
R
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ow
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Add\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
olumn
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
They add a row or column just after the current position.
|
|||
|
Overdid it? Use
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
elete\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Row
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
e
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
lete\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Column
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the same menu.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
See the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for information on how to change the horizontal alignment of each column,
|
|||
|
and how to change the vertical position of the whole matrix.
|
|||
|
Note that if you want to write a table containing text, you should use
|
|||
|
LyX' wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Display mode
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
All of the expressions we have written so far have been on the same line
|
|||
|
as the text that came before and after them, otherwise known as inline
|
|||
|
expressions.
|
|||
|
This is fine for short, simple expressions, but if you want to write larger
|
|||
|
ones, or if you want your expressions to stand out from the text, you need
|
|||
|
to write them in display mode.
|
|||
|
In addition, only displayed expressions can be labeled and numbered (see
|
|||
|
the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
), and multi-line equations (see Sec.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:multiline}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
) must be in display mode.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Click on the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Display
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
|
|||
|
box.
|
|||
|
LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it's
|
|||
|
centered within that line.
|
|||
|
Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Display
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple of your expressions
|
|||
|
to display mode and back.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Display mode has a couple differences from inline mode:
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The default font is larger for a few symbols, like
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\int$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subscripts and superscripts for limits and sums (but not integrals) are
|
|||
|
written under rather than next to the symbols
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Text is centered
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other than these differences, though, displayed expressions and inline expressio
|
|||
|
ns are very similar.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
One final note about the way displayed formulae are typeset: be careful
|
|||
|
about whether you're putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
|
|||
|
If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then don't
|
|||
|
press
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Return
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Doing so will cause the text
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
after
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
the formula to start a new paragraph.
|
|||
|
That text will therefore be indented, which is probably not what you want.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Put the various equations in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
example_raw.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
into display mode, and see how they're typeset differently.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\series bold
|
|||
|
Exercise
|
|||
|
\series default
|
|||
|
: Using various tools you've learned in this section, you should be able
|
|||
|
to write an equation like
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
After you've done it the hard way, why don't you give
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Mat
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
h
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ases\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
environment
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
a try?
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
:
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|||
|
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
|
|||
|
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
|
|||
|
0 & x=0\\
|
|||
|
\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
More Math Stuff
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Mathed can do plenty more.
|
|||
|
By now, you're familiar with the basics, so we'll just refer to the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for tips on how to:
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Labeling and numbering expressions
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Multi-line equations
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Change typefaces, e.g., to write bold-face text in an expression.
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fine-tune font sizes and spacing within an expression.
|
|||
|
(Don't worry about this until your final draft!)
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Write macros.
|
|||
|
These are very powerful, because you just define them once at the top of
|
|||
|
the document, and then you can use them throughout the document.
|
|||
|
If you change the macro definition, the references to the macro will be
|
|||
|
changed throughout the document.
|
|||
|
Macros can even take arguments.
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Do lots of other things we didn't have time to mention in this
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Chapter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other Major LyX Features
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We haven't gone through all the possible commands in LyX, and we aren't
|
|||
|
planning on it.
|
|||
|
As usual, see the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
User's Guide
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
for more information.
|
|||
|
We'll just mention a couple more major things LyX can do\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX has WYSIWYM support for tables.
|
|||
|
Use the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
T
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
able
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to get a table.
|
|||
|
Click on the table with the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
right button
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
to get a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Table\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Settings
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX also supports including pictures in a number of formats (including JPEG
|
|||
|
and other bitmap formats, PostScript<70> and raw LaTeX) within documents.
|
|||
|
(You guessed it:
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
G
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
raphics
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
Then click on the figure to choose the file to include, rotate or scale
|
|||
|
it, etc.) Tables and figures can have captions, and LyX will automatically
|
|||
|
generate lists of figures and/or tables.
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Version control is supported, using RCS (
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
man rcsintro
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
for more info).
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX is heavily configurable.
|
|||
|
Everything from how the LyX window looks to how the output comes out can
|
|||
|
be configured in a number of ways.
|
|||
|
Much configuration is done through
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
T
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
P
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
references
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
For more information on this, check out
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
H
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ustomization\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX is being developed by a team of programmers on five continents.
|
|||
|
Therefore, LyX has better support for non-English languages (such as Dutch,
|
|||
|
German, French, Greek, Czech, Turkish, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|||
|
) than many word processors.
|
|||
|
Even some right-to-left languages like Hebrew or Arabic are supported.
|
|||
|
You can write documents in other languages, but you can also configure
|
|||
|
LyX to show its menus and error messages in other languages.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The LyX menus feature keybindings.
|
|||
|
This means that you can do
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
O
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
pen
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
by typing
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
M-F
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
followed by
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
O
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (C-O by default).
|
|||
|
Keybindings are also configurable.
|
|||
|
For information on this, check out
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
H
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ustomization\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX can read in LaTeX documents.
|
|||
|
See Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:relyx}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Spellchecking and thesaurus facilities are available.
|
|||
|
\layout Itemize
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The text box near the bottom of the LyX window is called the minibuffer
|
|||
|
(after a similar feature in
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
emacs
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
This gives you access to all sorts of interesting functionality, including
|
|||
|
functionality which could break your document.
|
|||
|
In other words, don't type in the minibuffer unless you know what you're
|
|||
|
doing.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX for LaTeX Users
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:latexusers}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you don't know anything about LaTeX, you don't have to read this section.
|
|||
|
Actually, you might want to
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
learn
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
about LaTeX, and then read this chapter.
|
|||
|
However, many people who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
|
|||
|
If you are such a person, you may be wondering if LyX can really do everything
|
|||
|
LaTeX can do.
|
|||
|
The short answer is that LyX can do pretty much everything LaTeX can do
|
|||
|
in one form or another, and it definitely simplifies most parts of writing
|
|||
|
a LaTeX document.
|
|||
|
Currently, there may be some annoyance in converting old LaTeX documents
|
|||
|
and in a couple other areas, but later releases of LyX will get rid of
|
|||
|
these problems.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Because this is just a tutorial, we are only going to mention things that
|
|||
|
new LyX users will most likely be interested in.
|
|||
|
In the interests of keeping the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Tutorial
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
short, we will give only minimal information here.
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Extended Features
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
manual, specifically the
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
Secrets of the LaTeX Masters
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
chapter, has a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
|
|||
|
LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TeX Mode
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Anything that you enter in TeX mode will be passed straight to LaTeX, and
|
|||
|
will be displayed in red on the screen.
|
|||
|
You can use TeX commands in LyX by choosing
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
Te
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
X
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
This creates a text box, and everything within it is passed straight to
|
|||
|
LaTeX.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
|
|||
|
Enter TeX mode by typing a backslash.
|
|||
|
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
|
|||
|
be in red.
|
|||
|
You exit TeX mode by typing
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Space
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret,
|
|||
|
or parenthesis.
|
|||
|
Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you've typed in, it
|
|||
|
will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
|
|||
|
So if, in a formula, you type
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
gamma
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, then when you type
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Space
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, LyX will change the red
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
gamma
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
to a blue
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Formula $\gamma$
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
This will work for almost all, non-complicated math macros.
|
|||
|
This may be faster than using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Math\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Panel
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, and will be especially convenient for experienced LaTeX users.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As a special case, if you type a brace in TeX mode, then the beginning
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
ending braces will be inserted in red, then take you
|
|||
|
\emph on
|
|||
|
out
|
|||
|
\emph default
|
|||
|
of TeX mode and place the cursor between the braces.
|
|||
|
This makes it more convenient to type commands that LyX doesn't know which
|
|||
|
take an argument.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX can't do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do (yet?).
|
|||
|
Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but aren't
|
|||
|
WYSIWYM.
|
|||
|
TeX mode allows users to get the full flexibility of LaTeX, while having
|
|||
|
all the convenient features of LyX, like WYSIWYM math, tables, and editing.
|
|||
|
LyX could never support every LaTeX package.
|
|||
|
However, by typing
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
usepackage{foo}
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
in the preamble (see Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:preamble}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
), you can use any package you want --- although you won't have WYSIWYM
|
|||
|
support for that package's features.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Importing LaTeX Documents---
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:relyx}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can import a LaTeX file into LyX by using the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
L
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
aTeX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
command in LyX.
|
|||
|
This will call a Perl script called
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
---which will create a file
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
foo.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the file
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
foo.tex
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
---and then open that file.
|
|||
|
If the translation doesn't work, you can try calling
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the command line
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When LyX is installed, a separate executable called
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will be placed in the same folder as the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
executable (e.g.,
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
/usr/local/bin/reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
requires Perl (version 5.002 as of this writing).
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
, possibly using fancier options.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
|
|||
|
It will leave things it doesn't understand in TeX mode, so after translating
|
|||
|
a file with
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
, you can look for red text and hand-edit it to look right.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
reLyX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
has its own manpage.
|
|||
|
Read it to find out about which LaTeX commands and environments aren't
|
|||
|
supported, bugs (and how to get around them), and how to use the various
|
|||
|
options.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Converting LyX Documents to LaTeX
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You might wish to convert a LyX Document to a LaTeX file.
|
|||
|
For example, a co-worker or co-author who doesn't have LyX might want to
|
|||
|
read it.
|
|||
|
This is very easy to do with LyX.
|
|||
|
Select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
F
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
xport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
L
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
aTeX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
This will create a file
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
whatever.tex
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
from the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
whatever.lyx
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file you are editing.
|
|||
|
LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files,
|
|||
|
so it is very good at generating LaTeX.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LaTeX Preamble
|
|||
|
\layout Subsubsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Document Class
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
S
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ettings
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
documentclass
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
command.
|
|||
|
Change the class, default font size and paper size here.
|
|||
|
Put any extra options to the
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
documentclass
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
command in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
E
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
x
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
tra\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Options
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
area.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsubsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other Preamble Matter
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:preamble}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you have special commands to put in the preamble of a LaTeX file, you
|
|||
|
can use them in a LyX document as well.
|
|||
|
Select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
D
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
L
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
aTeX\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
P
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
reamble
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
|
|||
|
on the frontend).
|
|||
|
Anything you type will (like with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
|
|||
|
\layout Subsection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BibTeX
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX has support for BibTeX, which allows you to build databases of bibliographic
|
|||
|
al references to be used in multiple documents.
|
|||
|
Select
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
List\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
/\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
T
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
O
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
B
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
ibTeX\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
to include a
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
bib
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file.
|
|||
|
Click on the resulting
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BibTeX\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Generated\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
References
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
button, and you will get a
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
BibTeX
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog.
|
|||
|
In the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Database
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
field, type what you would type inside the braces of a
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
bibliography{}
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
command
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|||
|
collapsed true
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Like in regular LaTeX, multiple bibliographies should be separated by commas,
|
|||
|
with no whitespace.
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
Similarly, in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Style
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
field, type what you would type inside the braces of a
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\backslash
|
|||
|
bibliographystyle{}
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
command.
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
After you've done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies you're
|
|||
|
including with
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
I
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\bar under
|
|||
|
C
|
|||
|
\bar default
|
|||
|
itation\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
Reference
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
(see Section\SpecialChar ~
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:bibliographies}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
LyX will take care of running BibTeX.
|
|||
|
The box in the
|
|||
|
\family sans
|
|||
|
Citation
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
dialog will show a list of all the references in your
|
|||
|
\family typewriter
|
|||
|
bib
|
|||
|
\family default
|
|||
|
file.
|
|||
|
\layout Section
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Errors!
|
|||
|
\layout Standard
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sometimes when you LaTeX a document, there will be errors, things that LyX
|
|||
|
or LaTeX can't understand.
|
|||
|
When this happens, LyX will create an error box (a box with the word
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
error
|
|||
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|||
|
\end_inset
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
in it).
|
|||
|
Clicking on this box will pop up a window showing what the error was.
|
|||
|
LyX will just include the error message that LaTeX gave.
|
|||
|
Note that the placement of these errors in often not accurate.
|
|||
|
\the_end
|