Add basic support for cprotect

This allows (some) verbatim contents in macros, such as \url's with
specific chars (#, % etc.) in section headings or footnotes (#449)
or comments in captions (#9313).

The mentioned two bugs are fixed by this commit.

Note that the implementation is still rather basic and might need
extension for other cases.

lib/chkconfig.ltx

@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@
 \TestPackage{chicago}
 \TestPackage{color} % this one should be there if graphics.sty is there.
 \TestPackage{covington}
+\TestPackage{cprotect}
 \TestPackage{csquotes}
 \TestPackage[koi8-r.def]{cyrillic}
 \TestPackage{dvipost}

lib/doc/Customization.lyx

@@ -19663,6 +19663,79 @@ protect
 not
 \emph default
  whether the command should itself be protected.) Default is false.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1523633958
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1523634088
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1523633961
+NeedCProtect
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ [
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1523633958
+
+\emph on
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1523633958
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+] This causes macros that contain this inset to be protected with 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1523634038
+
+\backslash
+cprotect
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (cf.
+ package 
+\family sans
+cprotect
+\family default
+) if necessary and thus allows (some) verbatim stuff in macros.
+ Default is false.
+\change_unchanged
+
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Description

lib/doc/LaTeXConfig.lyx

@@ -7069,6 +7069,34 @@ cancelto
 .
 \end_layout
 
+\begin_layout Subsection
+cprotect
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Found: 
+\begin_inset Info
+type  "package"
+arg   "cprotect"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+CTAN: 
+\family typewriter
+macros/latex/contrib/cprotect/
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Notes: The package 
+\family sans
+cprotect
+\family default
+ is used to allow (some) verbatim stuff in macros.
+\end_layout
+
 \begin_layout Subsection
 CJKutf8
 \end_layout

lib/layouts/stdinsets.inc

@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ InsetLayout Note:Comment
 	EndHTMLStyle
 	AddToToc              note
 	IsTocCaption          true
+	NeedCProtect          true
 End
 
 
@@ -552,6 +553,7 @@ InsetLayout "Flex:URL"
 	PassThru              true
 	FreeSpacing           true
 	ForceLTR              true
+	NeedCProtect          true
 	Font
 	  Family              Typewriter
 	  Color               urltext

src/LaTeXFeatures.cpp

@@ -908,6 +908,7 @@ char const * simplefeatures[] = {
 // note that the package order here will be the same in the LaTeX-output
 	"array",
 	"verbatim",
+	"cprotect",
 	"longtable",
 	"rotating",
 	"latexsym",

src/Paragraph.cpp

@@ -1694,6 +1694,8 @@ void Paragraph::write(ostream & os, BufferParams const & bparams,
 void Paragraph::validate(LaTeXFeatures & features) const
 {
 	d->validate(features);
+	if (needsCProtection())
+		features.require("cprotect");
 }
 
 
@@ -3376,6 +3378,17 @@ bool Paragraph::isHardHyphenOrApostrophe(pos_type pos) const
 }
 
 
+bool Paragraph::needsCProtection() const
+{
+	pos_type size = d->text_.size();
+	for (pos_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+		if (isInset(i))
+			return getInset(i)->needsCProtection();
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+
 FontSpan const & Paragraph::getSpellRange(pos_type pos) const
 {
 	return d->speller_state_.getRange(pos);

src/Paragraph.h

@@ -424,6 +424,9 @@ public:
 	/// True if the element at this point is a hard hyphen or a apostrophe
 	/// If it is enclosed by spaces return false
 	bool isHardHyphenOrApostrophe(pos_type pos) const;
+	/// Return true if this paragraph has verbatim content that needs to be
+	/// protected by \cprotect
+	bool needsCProtection() const;
 
 	/// returns true if at least one line break or line separator has been deleted
 	/// at the beginning of the paragraph (either physically or logically)

src/insets/Inset.h

@@ -594,6 +594,9 @@ public:
 	/// reject the changes within the inset
 	virtual void rejectChanges() {}
 
+	///
+	virtual bool needsCProtection() const { return false; }
+
 	///
 	virtual ColorCode backgroundColor(PainterInfo const &) const;
 	///

src/insets/InsetLayout.cpp

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ InsetLayout::InsetLayout() :
 	htmlisblock_(true), multipar_(true), custompars_(true),
 	forceplain_(false), passthru_(false), parbreakisnewline_(false),
 	freespacing_(false), keepempty_(false), forceltr_(false),
-	forceownlines_(false), needprotect_(false), intoc_(false),
+	forceownlines_(false), needprotect_(false), needcprotect_(false),
-	spellcheck_(true), resetsfont_(false), display_(true),
+	intoc_(false), spellcheck_(true), resetsfont_(false), display_(true),
 	forcelocalfontswitch_(false), add_to_toc_(false), is_toc_caption_(false)
 {
 	labelfont_.setColor(Color_error);
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ bool InsetLayout::read(Lexer & lex, TextClass const & tclass)
 		IL_OBSOLETEDBY,
 		IL_KEEPEMPTY,
 		IL_MULTIPAR,
+		IL_NEEDCPROTECT,
 		IL_NEEDPROTECT,
 		IL_PASSTHRU,
 		IL_PASSTHRU_CHARS,
@@ -174,6 +175,7 @@ bool InsetLayout::read(Lexer & lex, TextClass const & tclass)
 		{ "leftdelim", IL_LEFTDELIM },
 		{ "lyxtype", IL_LYXTYPE },
 		{ "multipar", IL_MULTIPAR },
+		{ "needcprotect", IL_NEEDCPROTECT },
 		{ "needprotect", IL_NEEDPROTECT },
 		{ "obsoletedby", IL_OBSOLETEDBY },
 		{ "parbreakisnewline", IL_PARBREAKISNEWLINE },
@@ -322,6 +324,9 @@ bool InsetLayout::read(Lexer & lex, TextClass const & tclass)
 		case IL_NEEDPROTECT:
 			lex >> needprotect_;
 			break;
+		case IL_NEEDCPROTECT:
+			lex >> needcprotect_;
+			break;
 		case IL_CONTENTASLABEL:
 			lex >> contentaslabel_;
 			break;

src/insets/InsetLayout.h

@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ public:
 	///
 	bool isNeedProtect() const { return needprotect_; }
 	///
+	bool needsCProtect() const { return needcprotect_; }
+	///
 	bool isFreeSpacing() const { return freespacing_; }
 	///
 	bool isKeepEmpty() const { return keepempty_; }
@@ -283,6 +285,8 @@ private:
 	bool forceownlines_;
 	///
 	bool needprotect_;
+	///
+	bool needcprotect_;
 	/// should the contents be written to TOC strings?
 	bool intoc_;
 	/// check spelling of this inset?

src/insets/InsetText.cpp

@@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ void InsetText::latex(otexstream & os, OutputParams const & runparams) const
 			// FIXME UNICODE
 			// FIXME \protect should only be used for fragile
 			//    commands, but we do not provide this information yet.
-			if (runparams.moving_arg)
+			if (hasCProtectContent())
+				os << "\\cprotect";
+			else if (runparams.moving_arg)
 				os << "\\protect";
 			os << '\\' << from_utf8(il.latexname());
 			if (!il.latexargs().empty())
@@ -760,6 +762,19 @@ ParagraphList & InsetText::paragraphs()
 }
 
 
+bool InsetText::hasCProtectContent() const
+{
+	ParagraphList const & pars = paragraphs();
+	pit_type pend = paragraphs().size();
+	for (pit_type pit = 0; pit != pend; ++pit) {
+		Paragraph const & par = pars[pit];
+		if (par.needsCProtection())
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+
 bool InsetText::insetAllowed(InsetCode code) const
 {
 	switch (code) {
@@ -1070,4 +1085,35 @@ InsetText::XHTMLOptions operator|(InsetText::XHTMLOptions a1, InsetText::XHTMLOp
 	return static_cast<InsetText::XHTMLOptions>((int)a1 | (int)a2);
 }
 
+
+bool InsetText::needsCProtection() const
+{
+	if (!getLayout().needsCProtect())
+		return false;
+
+	// Environments need cprotection regardless the content
+	if (getLayout().latextype() == InsetLayout::ENVIRONMENT)
+		return true;
+
+	// Commands need cprotection if they contain specific chars
+	int const nchars_escape = 9;
+	static char_type const chars_escape[nchars_escape] = {
+		'&', '_', '$', '%', '#', '^', '{', '}', '\\'};
+
+	ParagraphList const & pars = paragraphs();
+	pit_type pend = paragraphs().size();
+
+	for (pit_type pit = 0; pit != pend; ++pit) {
+		Paragraph const & par = pars[pit];
+		if (par.needsCProtection())
+			return true;
+		docstring const pars = par.asString();
+		for (int k = 0; k < nchars_escape; k++) {
+			if (contains(pars, chars_escape[k]))
+				return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
 } // namespace lyx

src/insets/InsetText.h

@@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ public:
 	///
 	bool confirmDeletion() const { return !text().empty(); }
 
+	///
+	bool needsCProtection() const;
+
 protected:
 	///
 	void iterateForToc(DocIterator const & cdit, bool output_active,
@@ -238,6 +241,8 @@ private:
 	void closeAddToTocForParagraph(pit_type start, pit_type end,
 	                               TocBackend & backend) const;
 	///
+	bool hasCProtectContent() const;
+	///
 	bool drawFrame_;
 	///
 	ColorCode frame_color_;

src/output_latex.cpp

@@ -654,6 +654,8 @@ void parStartCommand(Paragraph const & par, otexstream & os,
 {
 	switch (style.latextype) {
 	case LATEX_COMMAND:
+		if (par.needsCProtection())
+			os << "\\cprotect";
 		os << '\\' << from_ascii(style.latexname());
 
 		// Command arguments