Note for CVS checkouts ---------------------- If you have checked this out from CVS, you need to have automake, autoconf, and gettext installed. Then, type "./autogen.sh" to build the needed configuration files and proceed as stated below. Compiling and installing LyX ============================ Quick compilation guide ----------------------- These four steps will compile, test and install LyX: 1) ./configure configures LyX to your system. 2) make compiles the program. 3) src/lyx runs the program so you can check it out. 4) make install will install it. You can use "make install-strip" instead if you want a smaller binary. Requirements ------------ You will need to have both an Xforms library and Xpm library to compile LyX. It is imperative that you have the correct versions of these libraries, and their associated header files. As of LyX version 1.1.5, you will need to have Xforms library and header version 0.88 or 0.89. Version 0.88 is a stable release and the recommended version. On some systems, such as linux ELF, there are shared library versions of the Xforms library, which require an installation step to configure the system. Xforms is available (free) only in binary format, source code is not available. If it is not available for your machine, contact the Xforms developers to request a version for your system. You can get it from http://world.std.com/~xforms/ ftp://ncmir.ucsd.edu/pub/xforms/ ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/xforms/ ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/X11/gui/xforms ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/XFORMS/ In addition, you must have libXpm version 4.7 (or newer; 4.8 rumoured to work). libXpm can be found at: http://www.funet.fi/pub/Linux/sunsite/X11/libs/!INDEX.html (or similar locations at other sunsites like sunsite.unc.edu) You will also need a recent C++ compiler, where recent means that the compilers are close to C++ standard conforming. Compilers that are known to compile LyX are gcc 2.8.1 and 2.95.x, the various versions of egcs and Digital C++ version 6.1. Please tell us your experience with other compilers. It is _not_ possible to compile LyX with gcc 2.7.x, and this is not likely to change in the future. Note that, contrary to LyX 1.0.x, LyX 1.1.x makes great use of C++ Standard Template Library (STL); this means that gcc users will have to install the relevant libstdc++ library to be able to compile this version. If you make modifications to files in src/ (for example by applying a patch), you will need to have the GNU gettext package installed, due to some dependencies in the makefiles. You can find the latest (alpha) version from: ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/gettext-0.10.xx.tar.gz. LyX contains a hack to work around this, but you should not rely too much on it. Finally, the two following programs should be available at configuration time: o Perl (at least 5.002) is needed for the reLyX script. reLyX will not be installed if perl is not found. If the environment variable PERL is set to point to some program, this value will be used, even if the program does no exist (this can be useful if the machine on which LyX is built is not the one where it will run). o LaTeX2e should be correctly setup for the user you are logged as. Otherwise, LyX will not be able to run a number of tests. Note that users can run these tests manually with Option->Configure. Creating the Makefile --------------------- LyX can be configured using GNU autoconf utility which attempts to guess the configuration needed to suit your system. The standard way to use it is described in the file INSTALL.autoconf. In most cases you will be able to create the Makefile by typing ./configure For more complicated cases, LyX configure takes the following specific flags: o --with-extra-lib=DIRECTORY that specifies the path where LyX will find extra libraries (Xpm, xforms) it needs. Defaults to NONE (i.e. search in standard places). You can specify several directories, separated by colons. o --with-extra-inc=DIRECTORY that gives the place where LyX will find xforms headers. Defaults to NONE (i.e. search in standard places). You can specify several directories, separated by colons. o --with-extra-prefix[=DIRECTORY] that is equivalent to --with-extra-lib=DIRECTORY/lib --with-extra-inc=DIRECTORY/include If DIRECTORY is not specified, the current prefix is used. o --with-version-suffix will install LyX as lyx-, e.g. lyx-1.2.0 The LyX data directory will be something like /lyx-1.2.0/. Additionally your user configuration files will be found in e.g. $HOME/.lyx-1.2.0 You can use this feature to install more than one version of LyX on the same system. You can optionally specify a "version" of your own, by doing something like : ./configure --with-version-suffix=-latestcvs There are also flags to control the internationalization support in LyX: o --disable-nls suppresses all internationalization support, yielding a somewhat smaller code. o --with-included-gettext forces the use of the included GNU gettext library, although you might have another one installed. o --with-catgets allows to use the catget() functions which can exist on your system. This can cause problems, though. Use with care. o You can also set the environment variable LINGUAS to a list of language in case ou do not want to install all the translation files. For example, if you are only interested in German and Finnish, you can type (with sh or bash) export LINGUAS='de fi' before running configure. Moreover, the following generic configure flags may be useful: o --prefix=DIRECTORY specifies the root directory to use for installation. [defaults to where lyx has already been installed or /usr/local] o --datadir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where all extra LyX files (lyxrc example, documentation, templates and layouts definitions) will be installed. [defaults to ${prefix}/share/lyx${program_suffix}] o --bindir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where the lyx binary will be installed. [defaults to ${prefix}/bin] o --mandir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where the man pages will go. [defaults to ${prefix}/man] Note that the --with-extra-* commands are not really robust when it comes to use of relative paths. If you really want to use a relative path here, you can prepend it with "`pwd`/". If you do not like the default compile flags used (-g -O2 on gcc), you can set CXXFLAGS variable to other values as follows: o CXXFLAGS='-O2' (sh, bash) o setenv CXXFLAGS '-O2' (csh, tcsh) Similarly, if you want to force the use of some specific compiler, you can give a value to the CXX variable. If you encounter problems, please read the section 'Problems' at the end of this file. In particular, the following options could be useful in some desperate cases: o --with-warnings that make the compiler output more warnings during the compilation of LyX. Opposite is --without-warnings. By default, this flag is on for development versions only. o --enable-assertions that make the compilier generater run-time code which checks that some variables have sane values. Opposite is --disable-assertions. By default, this flag is on for development versions only. o --with-broken-headers that provides prototypes to replace functions not correctly defined in SunOS4 and SCO header files. Its only effect is to suppress a few warnings. It is autodetected by default. o --without-latex-config that disables the automatic detection of your latex configuration. This detection is automatically disabled if latex cannot be found. If you find that you have to use this flag, please report it as a bug. o --without-liberty suppresses the detection of the -liberty library (see the section 'Problems'). Compiling and installing LyX ---------------------------- Once you've got the Makefile created, you just have to type: make all make install All should be OK ;) Since the binaries with debug information tend to be huge (although this does not affect the run-time memory footprint), you maight want to strip the lyx binary. In this case replace "make install" with make install-strip BTW: in the images subdirectory there is also a small icon "lyx.xpm", that can be used to display lyx-documents in filemanagers. If configure fails for some strange reason ------------------------------------------ Even when configure fails, it creates a Makefile. You always can check the contents of this file, modify it and run 'make'. Compiling For Multiple Architectures ------------------------------------ You can compile LyX for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH' variable, you have to compile LyX for one architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed LyX for one architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture. Preparing a binary distribution for the use of others ------------------------------------------------------ o Compile LyX with the right compiler switches for your architecture. In particular you might want to ensure that libraries like xforms and xpm are statically linked. To this end, you can use a command like make LYX_LIBS='/foo/libforms.a /bar/libXpm.a' Moreover, make sure you use the --without-latex-config switch of configure, since others might not be interested by your configuration :-) o Create a file README.bin describing your distribution and referring to *you* if problems arise. As a model, you can use the file development/tools/README.bin.example, which can be a good starting point. o Type `make bindist'. This will create a file lyx-1.xx.yy-bin.tar.gz. Rename it to reflect you architecture and the peculiarities of your build (e.g. static vs. dynamic). o Check that everything is correct by unpacking the distribution in some private place and running it. In particular, check the output of `ldd lyx' to know which libraries are really needed. o Upload your binary file to ftp.devel.lyx.org:/pub/incoming, and notify larsbj@lyx.org. Problems -------- This section provides several hints that have been submitted by LyX team member or users to help compiling on some particular architectures. If you find that some of this hints are wrong, please notify us. o If you have problems indicating that configure cannot find a part of the xforms or Xpm library, use the --with-extra-lib and --with-extra-inc options of configure to specify where these libraries reside. o Configure will seemingly fail to find xpm.h and forms.h on linux if the kernel headers are not available. Two cases are possible: - you have not installed the kernel sources. Then you should install them or at least the kernel-headers package (or whatever it is called in your distribution). - you have the sources, but you did a 'make mrproper' in the kernel directory (this this removes some symbolic links that are needed for compilation). A 'make symlinks' in linux kernel sources fixes that. o if you get an error message when compiling LyX that looks like this : ../../src/minibuffer.h:17: using directive `Object' introduced ambiguous type `_ObjectRec *' then you need to upgrade the version of the xforms library you have installed. o If you are using RedHat 7.0 and the option --with-frontend=kde, you will need to configure LyX as follows : export QTDIR=/usr/lib/qt-1.45 export CC="egcs -L/usr/lib" export CXX="egcs++ -L/usr/lib" ./configure --with-frontend=kde If you your version of gcc-c++ is > 2.96-69, you may not need to do this. o It is possible to compile lyx with Tru64 Unix cxx compiler version 6.2, provided one uses CXX='cxx -std strict_ansi' CXXFLAGS='-ptr /tmp/lyx_cxx_repository -g' CC=cc Note that this will not work when compiling directly from the cvs repository, due to the tricks used by automake for dependencies. Ask Jean-Marc.Lasgouttes@inria.fr for a workaround. o On Tru64 Unix, you may have to compile with --with-included-string to work around a Tru64 linker limitation (the STL string template creates names which may be too long). We also had reports that it helps with gcc 2.95.2 on solaris 2.6. o On Tru64 Unix with cxx, you may have a compilation error in lyx_main.C if you have GNU gettext installed. This is due to a bug in gettext. To solve this, you can either (1) configure with --with-included-gettext or (2) add -D__STDC__ to cxx flags. o According to John Collins , on SunOS 4.1.3 you may find two sets of X libraries, and they are of course incompatible :-) One is the set provided as part of OpenWindows, and one is the standard X distribution (e.g., X11R5). If you encounter problems (or if, for some obscure reasons configure cannot find your X libraries) you can use the following options: o --x-libraries=DIRECTORY that indicates where the X libraries reside. o --x-includes=DIRECTORY that indicate where the X include files reside. The standard X11R5 libraries should work when the OpenWindows ones don't. o Some systems lack functions that LyX needs. To fix this, configure tries to link against the -liberty library, if it is available. If you experience problems with missing symbols at link time, you could try to install libiberty.a, which comes with several GNU packages (in particular libg++). In any case, please report your problems to lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org. The option --without-liberty disable the detection of -liberty. It is meant for debugging purpose only. o According to David Sundqvist , some changes are needed to compile with aCC on HP-UX 10.20. These are the relevant changes in the makefile (with comments tagged on): CXX = /opt/aCC/bin/aCC CXXFLAGS = -O +inst_none # The aCC compiler tries to run instantiations # which currently break. LIBS = -lforms -lXpm -lSM -lICE -lc -lm -lX11 -lCsup # must link with Csup LDFLAGS = -L/opt/aCC/lib # perhaps not needed. o On Digital Unix with gcc, you can get warnings like warning, LyXFamilyNames not found in original or external symbol tables, value defaults to 0 These concern symbols beginning with an uppercase letter and seems to be harmless. Similarly, the compilation can end with the following warning: /bin/ld: Warning: Linking some objects which contain exception information sections and some which do not. This may cause fatal runtime exception handling problems (last obj encountered without exceptions was ../intl/libintl.a). You can safely ignore it.