#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 512 \begin_document \begin_header \save_transient_properties true \origin unavailable \textclass scrartcl \begin_preamble \end_preamble \options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading \use_default_options false \maintain_unincluded_children false \language english \language_package default \inputencoding auto \fontencoding global \font_roman "lmodern" "default" \font_sans "lmss" "default" \font_typewriter "lmtt" "default" \font_math "auto" "auto" \font_default_family default \use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 100 \font_tt_scale 100 100 \use_microtype false \graphics default \default_output_format pdf5 \output_sync 0 \bibtex_command default \index_command default \paperfontsize 12 \spacing single \use_hyperref false \pdf_bookmarks true \pdf_bookmarksnumbered true \pdf_bookmarksopen true \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1 \pdf_breaklinks false \pdf_pdfborder false \pdf_colorlinks true \pdf_backref false \pdf_pdfusetitle false \papersize a4paper \use_geometry false \use_package amsmath 2 \use_package amssymb 2 \use_package cancel 0 \use_package esint 1 \use_package mathdots 1 \use_package mathtools 2 \use_package mhchem 1 \use_package stackrel 0 \use_package stmaryrd 0 \use_package undertilde 0 \cite_engine basic \cite_engine_type default \biblio_style plain \use_bibtopic false \use_indices false \paperorientation portrait \suppress_date false \justification true \use_refstyle 0 \notefontcolor #0000ff \index Index \shortcut idx \color #008000 \end_index \secnumdepth 4 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation skip \defskip medskip \quotes_language english \papercolumns 1 \papersides 2 \paperpagestyle plain \bullet 1 0 6 -1 \bullet 2 2 35 -1 \bullet 3 2 7 -1 \tracking_changes false \output_changes false \html_math_output 0 \html_css_as_file 0 \html_be_strict false \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Section* Minimal failing example for Math.lyx \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \SpecialChar LyX 's detailed Math manual fails with \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset missing character \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset errors for the following reasons: \end_layout \begin_layout Quote Fractions \end_layout \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard For nested fractions the command \series bold \backslash cfrac \series default can be used. Here is an example: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\ \frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}} \end{align*} \end_inset \end_layout \end_deeper \begin_layout Standard In \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset mathematical text \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset and with tex2lyx, the \backslash textbackslash became 0x29f5 REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR. After adding \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset deprecated \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset in lib/unicodesymbols, this is fixed. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The converted characters should be replaced with \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \backslash textbackslash \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Quote Bold Formulas \end_layout \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard To make a complete formula bold, the command \series bold \backslash mathbf \series default from the previous subsection cannot be used, because it doesn't work for small Greek letters. Furthermore it prints Latin letters always upright, like in the following equation: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \[ \mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf} \] \end_inset \end_layout \end_deeper \begin_layout Standard Capital Greek characters in \backslash mathbf lead to \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset missing character \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset errors with non-TeX fonts. Small Greek characters are not bolded, because TeX treats them as symbols, not letters (unless you load the package \emph on isomath \emph default or \emph on fixmath \emph default ). \end_layout \begin_layout Quote Special Characters in Mathematical Text \end_layout \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in \SpecialChar TeX mode: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset space \hfill{} \end_inset \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Command \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash oe \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{œ}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash OE \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Œ}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ae \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{æ}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash AE \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Æ}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash aa \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{å}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash AA \begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @ \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash textrm{ \backslash AA} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash i \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ı}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \begin_inset space \hfill{} \end_inset \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Command \begin_inset Note Note status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout The space of 0 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset mm is used for separation, because otherwise the output will be ¡ and ¿ respectively. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash o \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ø}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash O \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ø}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash l \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ł}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash L \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ł}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout ! \begin_inset space \hspace{} \length 0mm \end_inset ` \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{!`}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout ? \begin_inset space \hspace{} \length 0mm \end_inset ` \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{?`}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash j \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ȷ}$ \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \begin_inset space \hfill{} \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The characters \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Å}}$ \end_inset and \begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Ø}}$ \end_inset can also be inserted via the math toolbar button \begin_inset Info type "icon" arg "math-insert \\digamma" \end_inset . \end_layout \end_deeper \begin_layout Standard The literal \family roman \series medium \shape up \size normal \emph off \bar no \strikeout off \uuline off \uwave off \noun off \color none Å \family default \series default \shape default \size default \emph default \bar default \strikeout default \uuline default \uwave default \noun default \color inherit 212B ANGSTROM SIGN is not present in many fonts. The Unicode standard says \emph on preferred representation is 00C5. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The backconversion \backslash AA -> 212B is now deprecated in lib/unicodesymbols. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The converted characters should be replaced with \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \backslash AA \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Quote Accents in Text \end_layout \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard With the following commands all letters can be accented. The commands must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset space \hfill{} \end_inset \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Command \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash \begin_inset Quotes grd \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash "e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash `e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash `e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ^ \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ^e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash =e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash =e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash u \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash u e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash b \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash b e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash t \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ee \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash t ee \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \begin_inset space \hfill{} \end_inset \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Command \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash H \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash H e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash 'e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash 'e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ~e \begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout Tilde \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ~e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash .e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash .e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash v \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash v e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash d \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash d e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash c \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash c e \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \begin_inset space \hfill{} \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset With the command \series bold \backslash t \series default also two different characters can be accented. The command \series bold \backslash t \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset sz \series default creates: \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash t sz \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_deeper \begin_layout Standard Examples for accented characters missing in Latin Modern: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \family typewriter \backslash t \family default leads to 0x0361 COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE (ligature tie) and \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Missing character: There is no ͡ in font [lmroman12-regular]:mapping=tex-text! \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \family typewriter \backslash c e \family default leads to 0229 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA and \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Missing character: There is no ȩ in font [lmroman12-regular]:mapping=tex-text! \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Using a different non-tex font is not recommended for the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Math \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset manual, because TeX-Maths uses Computer Modern which matches with Latin Modern and looks suboptimal with other fonts. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard OTOH, examples for ERT commands to get accented text letters are not really helpfull in a mathematics documentation even when mathematical text can be (ab)used to get them. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard BTW: If keeping them, the following parts of Math.lyx should be corrected \end_layout \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00 \noindent - The accents \series bold ` \series default , \series bold ' \series default and \series bold ^ \series default can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without using \SpecialChar TeX mode. The same applies for the tilde \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout This only applies for keyboards where the tilde is defined as accent. \end_layout \end_inset \series bold ~ \series default in combination with \emph on a \emph default , \emph on n \emph default , or \emph on o \emph default . \end_layout \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00 + If the keyboard defines them as \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset dead keys \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset , the accents \series bold ` \series default , \series bold ' \series default , ^, and ~ can in combination with supported characters directly be inserted with the keyboard without using \SpecialChar TeX mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00 - The commands \series bold \backslash b \series default , \series bold \backslash c \series default , \series bold \backslash d \series default , \series bold \backslash H \series default , \series bold \backslash t \series default , \series bold \backslash u \series default , \series bold \backslash v \series default and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available in mathematical text. \end_layout \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00 + Like any LaTeX commands, \series bold \backslash b \series default , \series bold \backslash c \series default , \series bold \backslash d \series default , \series bold \backslash H \series default , \series bold \backslash t \series default , \series bold \backslash u \series default , \series bold \backslash v \series default are available in mathematical text without the need to wrap them in a \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset TeX Code \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset (ERT) inset . \end_layout \end_body \end_document