#LyX 1.6.8svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 345 \begin_document \begin_header \textclass article \begin_preamble % DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!! % %This preamble is designed to ensure that the document prints % out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble, % parts of the document may not print out as expected. If you % have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact % the documentation team % email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org \usepackage{ifpdf} % part of the hyperref bundle \ifpdf % if pdflatex is used % set fonts for nicer pdf view \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{} \fi % end if pdflatex is used % the pages of the TOC is numbered roman % and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added \pagenumbering{roman} \let\myTOC\tableofcontents \renewcommand\tableofcontents{% \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{} \myTOC \cleardoublepage \pagenumbering{arabic} } % redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks \def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{% L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@} {LyX}} \end_preamble \use_default_options false \language english \inputencoding auto \font_roman default \font_sans default \font_typewriter default \font_default_family default \font_sc false \font_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 \font_tt_scale 100 \graphics default \paperfontsize 12 \spacing single \use_hyperref true \pdf_title "Introduction to LyX" \pdf_author "LyX Team" \pdf_subject "LyX-documentation Intro" \pdf_keywords "LyX, documentation" \pdf_bookmarks true \pdf_bookmarksnumbered true \pdf_bookmarksopen true \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 2 \pdf_breaklinks false \pdf_pdfborder false \pdf_colorlinks true \pdf_backref false \pdf_pdfusetitle false \pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false" \papersize a4paper \use_geometry false \use_amsmath 1 \use_esint 0 \cite_engine basic \use_bibtopic false \paperorientation portrait \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 2 \paragraph_separation indent \defskip medskip \quotes_language english \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \tracking_changes false \output_changes false \author "" \author "" \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Title Introduction to LyX \end_layout \begin_layout Author by the LyX Team \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \noindent If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta tion mailing list: \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org" type "mailto:" \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset CommandInset toc LatexCommand tableofcontents \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Section The Philosophy of LyX \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection What is LyX? \end_layout \begin_layout Standard LyX is a document preparation system. It excels at letting you create complex technical and scientific articles with mathematics, cross-references, bibliographies, indices, etc. It is very good at documents of any length in which the usual processing abilities are required: automatic sectioning and pagination, spell checking, and so forth. It can also be used to write a letter to your mom, though granted, there are probably simpler programs available for that. It is definitely not the best tool for creating banners, flyers, or advertiseme nts (we'll explain why later), though with some effort all these can be done, too. Some examples of what it is used for: memos, letters, dissertations and theses, lecture notes, seminar notebooks, conference proceedings, software documentation, books, articles in refereed scientific journals, scripts for plays and movies, business proposals, presentations \SpecialChar \ldots{} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard LyX is a program that provides a modern approach to writing documents with a computer by using a markup language paradigm, an approach that breaks with the obsolete tradition of the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset typewriter concept \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset . It is designed for authors who want professional output quickly with a minimum of effort without becoming specialists in typesetting. The job of typesetting is done mostly by the computer, not the author; with LyX, the author can concentrate on the contents of his writing. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Part of the initial challenge of using LyX comes from the change in thinking that you, the user, must make. At one time, all we had for creating documents were typewriters, so we all learned certain tricks to get around their limitations. Underlining, which is little more than overstriking with the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset _ \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset character, became a way to emphasize text. You were forced to figure out column sizes and tab stops, and set them, before creating a table. The same applied for letters and other right justified text. Hyphenation at the end of a line required a careful eye and a lot of foresight. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard In other words, we've all been trained to worry about the little details of which character goes where. Consequently, almost all word processors have this mentality. They still use tab stops for adding whitespace. You still need to worry about exactly where on the page something will appear. Emphasizing text means changing a font, similar to changing the typewriter wheel. This is the underlying philosophy of a WYSIWYG word processor: \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset What You See Is What You Get \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset . Unfortunately, that paradigm often results in \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset What You See Is All You Get \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard This is where LyX differs from an ordinary word processor. You don't concern yourself with what character goes where. You tell LyX \emph on what you're doing \emph default and LyX takes care of the rest, following a set of rules called a \emph on style. \emph default \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout To be fair, most recent versions of the most popular office suites now have some sort of style sheets which follow a similar markup method. However, our experience is that they are still rarely used in practice. \end_layout \end_inset Let's look at a little example: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Suppose you are writing a report. To begin your report, you want a section called \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Introduction\SpecialChar \@. \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset So, you go into whatever menu it is in your word processor that changes font sizes and decide on a new font size. Then you turn on bold face. Then you type, \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset 1. \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset Introduction \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset . Of course, if you later decide that this section belongs someplace else in the document, or if you insert a new section before it, you need to change the numbering for this and all following sections, as well as any entry in the table of contents. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard In LyX, you go to the pull-down on the far left of the button bar and select \family sans Section \family default , and type \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Introduction\SpecialChar \@. \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Yes, that's all. If you cut and paste the section, it will automatically be renumbered — everywhere. And if you enter references to that section correctly (by inserting cross-refer ence tags), LyX will automatically update them all throughout the file so that you never, ever type a section number. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Now let's look at the problem of consistency. Five days later, you reopen your report and start Section \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset 4. However, you forget that you were using 18 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset pt bold instead of 16 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset pt, so you type in the heading for Section \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset 4 in a different font from the one you used for Section \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset 1. That problem doesn't even exist in LyX. The computer takes care of all that silly bookkeeping about which thing has what size font, not you. After all, that's what a computer is good at. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Here's another example. Suppose you're making a list. In other word processors, a list is just a bunch of tab stops and newlines. You need to figure out where to put the label for each list item, what that label should be, how many blank lines to put between each item, and so on. Under LyX, you have only two concerns: what kind of list is this, and what do I want to put in it. That's it. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard So, the basic idea behind LyX is: specify \emph on what \emph default you're doing, not \emph on how \emph default to do it. Instead of \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset What You See Is What You Get, \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset the LyX model is \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset What You See Is What You \emph on Mean \emph default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset or \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset WYSIWYM. \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset It's a powerful idea that greatly simplifies the mechanics of writing documents. This is also why LyX isn't so good for creating posters and flyers. In this case, you \emph on do \emph default want to specify exactly where everything goes, because there are no functional units like paragraphs, sections, etc. This doesn't mean LyX is missing some cool function. It simply means that it isn't the right tool for the job — you don't use a screwdriver to drive in nails. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Differences between LyX and Other Word Processors \begin_inset OptArg status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash texorpdfstring{ \end_layout \end_inset LyX \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout }{LyX} \end_layout \end_inset and Other Word Processors \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Here's a list of things you won't find in LyX: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize The document ruler \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Tab stops \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Extra whitespace (e. \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset g. \begin_inset space \space{} \end_inset hitting \family sans Enter \family default or \family sans Space \family default two or more times) \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Tab stops, along with a ruler showing you the position of things on the page, are useless in LyX. The program worries about where things go on the page, not you. Extra whitespace is similar; LyX adds them where necessary, depending on context. Not being able to type two blank lines in a row will be annoying at first, but it makes more sense once you're thinking in WYSIWYM terms. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Here are some things that exist in LyX, but aren't used as you might think: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Indenting controls \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Page breaks \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Line spacing (e. \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset g. \begin_inset space \space{} \end_inset single spaced, double spaced, etc.) \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Whitespace, horizontal and vertical \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Fonts and font sizes \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Typefaces (bold, italic, underline, etc.) \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Although they exist in LyX, you generally don't need them. LyX will take care of these things for you, depending on what you're doing. Different parts of the document are automatically set in a different typeface and font size. Paragraph indenting is context dependent; different types of paragraphs get indented differently. Page breaks get handled automatically, as well. In general, the space between lines, between words, and between paragraphs is variable, set by LyX. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout There are ways to adjust all of these (only some of which require knowledge of LaTeX), either for a whole document or for a specific location in a document. See the \emph on User's Guide \emph default and/or the \emph on Additional Features \emph default manual for details. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Lastly, there are a few areas where we believe LyX (and LaTeX) surpasses many word processors: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Hyphenation \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Lists of any type \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Mathematics \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Tables \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize Cross-referencing \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Granted, many modern word processors can handle mathematical symbols, tables, and hyphenation, and many have moved towards style definitions and the WYSIWYM concept. However, they've only recently been able to do so, whereas LyX is built upon the LaTeX document preparation system. LaTeX has been around for over 20 years, and \emph on works \emph default . \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection What is LaTeX? \end_layout \begin_layout Standard LaTeX is a document preparation system designed by Leslie Lamport in 1985. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout The source for the info in this section is \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \emph on A Guide to LaTeX2e \emph default , \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset by Helmut Kopka and Patrick Daly, which has an entry in the bibliography of the \emph on User's Guide \emph default \SpecialChar \@. \end_layout \end_inset It was built up from a typesetting language called TeX, created by Donald Knuth in 1984. TeX takes a sequence of typesetting commands, written in a script in an ASCII file, and executes them. Many of the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset tricks \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset of the printing trade were modeled by Knuth as computer algorithms and incorporated into TeX, thus its excellent printed appearance. What comes directly out of TeX is the portable document format \emph on pdf \emph default or the so-called \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset device independent \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset format file \emph on dvi \emph default . The dvi format is often used for previews and can later be converted to other formats like PostScript. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard TeX isn't only a typesetting engine; it also allows you to define macros. Most people who use TeX are actually using a macro package which Knuth created to hide a lot of the typesetting details. This is where Leslie Lamport enters our story. He wanted a macro package that was more user- and less typesetter-oriented, with a set of commands that consistently typeset things like sections, tables or math formulas in an uniform, consistent fashion. This is how LaTeX was born. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Now, in parallel with the development and growth of LaTeX, other folks were creating their own custom macro packages for TeX, ones to make slides or articles for math journals and so on. Some used the raw TeX facilities to do this, others began modifying LaTeX. To try and unify this mess, a team of LaTeX-nicians began to work on LaTeX2e, the current version of LaTeX, during the late 1980's. This new version of LaTeX has commands which provide an easier-to-use interface to TeX's macro-creating commands, aid in the use of new fonts, and so on. In fact, LaTeX is quite an extensive language in its own right! Users around the world have been creating their own add-ons for LaTeX beyond the standard ones. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard There are two ways to extend LaTeX: classes and styles. A \emph on class \emph default is a set of LaTeX macros describing a new type of document, like a book, or an article. There are classes for slides, for physics and math journals\SpecialChar \ldots{} many universities even have a class for their thesis format! A \emph on style \emph default differs from a class in that it doesn't define a new type of document, but a different type of \emph on behavior \emph default that any document can use. For example, LyX controls page margins and line spacing using two different LaTeX style-files designed for these purposes. There are style-files for a whole slew of things: printing labels or envelopes, changing indentation behavior, adding new fonts, manipulating graphics, designing fancy page headings, customizing bibliographies, altering the location and appearance of footnotes, tables, and figures, customizing lists, etc. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Here is a summary: \end_layout \begin_layout Description TeX: Typesetting language with macro capability. \end_layout \begin_layout Description LaTeX: Macro package built upon TeX\SpecialChar \@. \end_layout \begin_layout Description classes: Descriptions of a type of document, using LaTeX\SpecialChar \@. \end_layout \begin_layout Description styles: Alters the default behavior of LaTeX in some way. \end_layout \begin_layout Description LyX: Visual, WYSIWYM word-processor that uses LaTeX to do its typesetting. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard This section attempts to account for the difference between LyX and other word processors. Simply put, LaTeX is the difference. By using LaTeX as its backend, LyX helps you think more about \emph on what \emph default (as in the \emph on words \emph default ) you write. The computer then handles \emph on how \emph default they should look. \end_layout \begin_layout Section Navigating the Documentation \end_layout \begin_layout Standard To make it easier to answer your questions and describe all of the features of LyX, the documentation has been split up into several different files. Each one has its own purpose, as described below. Before you go ploughing into any of those files, however, you should read this chapter thoroughly first, since it contains a lot of useful information and commentary that can save you some time. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The developing of LyX will hopefully never stop, so that some of the documentati on may be incomplete or a bit out of date, though we try to keep up. Like the rest of LyX, the manuals are the work of a group of volunteers who have \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Real Jobs \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset , families, dishes to clean, kitty litter to dispose of, et cetera. If you want to help out, be sure to read Section \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sec:Contrib" \end_inset in addition to the rest of this document. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Also, please do us a favor – if anything in these manuals confuses you, is unclear, or wrong, don't hesitate to let us know! You can reach the current document maintainers by mailing to \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org" type "mailto:" \end_inset . If you have questions which are not obviously answered in the documentation, and need help fast, there is an active users' mailing list which you can reach at \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href target "lyx-users@lists.lyx.org" type "mailto:" \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection The Format of the Manuals \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Some may have printed out the manuals. Others may be reading it within LyX. There are some differences between the LyX-file and the printed version. First, the title is simply at the top of the document, not formatted on a separate page as in some of the printed versions. Nor are any of the footnotes or the Table of Contents fully visible. To open a footnote, which looks like this: \begin_inset Graphics filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png scale 75 \end_inset , click on it with the left mouse button. For the Table of Contents, either click on the grey box or click on the \family sans Navigate \family default menu, where the contents are displayed automatically\SpecialChar \@. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard In the printed manuals, all cross-references appear as the actual numbers for a chapter, section, subsection, and so on. Online, however, all cross-references appear as a light-grey box like the following: \begin_inset Graphics filename clipart/referenceQt4.png scale 75 \end_inset . If you click on that box with the left mouse button, a dialog box will appear containing a list of all the cross-references in the document. You can go to the referred section by right-clicking on the box or by clicking the button \family sans Go \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset to \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset Label \family default in the opened dialog. Going back to where you came from is just as easy. Clicking on \family sans Go \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset Back \family default to go back to your earlier location. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Now that we've cleared up some of the differences between the printed and online versions of this file, we can start looking at the format of this document. You'll occasionally notice things in different fonts: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \emph on Emphasized Style \emph default is used for general emphasis, generic arguments, book titles, names of sections of other manuals, and notes from the authors. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \family typewriter Typewriter \family default is used for program and file names, LyX code and functions. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \family sans Sans Serif \family default is used for menu, button, or dialog box names, and the names of keyboard keys. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \noun on Noun Style \noun default is used for people's names. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \series bold Bold \series default is used for LaTeX code \end_layout \begin_layout Standard When we do need to reference keys, we'll use the following prefixing convention: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Ctrl- \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset indicates the \family sans Control \family default key. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Shift- \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset indicates the \family sans Shift \family default key. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Alt- \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset indicates the \family sans Alt \family default ( \family sans Meta \family default ) key. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans F1 \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \SpecialChar \ldots{} \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans F12 \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset are the function keys. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Esc \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset is the escape key. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Left \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Right \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Up \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Down \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset : self-explanatory. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \family sans \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Insert \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Delete \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Home \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans End \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans PageUp \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans PageDown \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset : these are the 6 keys that appear above the cursor keys on many PC keyboards. \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans PageUp \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset and \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans PageDown \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset are called \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Prior \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset and \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset \family sans Next \family default \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset on some keyboards. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize \family sans Return \family default and \family sans Enter \family default both refer to the same key. Some keyboards label the \family sans Return \family default key as \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Return, \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset others as \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Enter, \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset still others have two keys. LyX treats all of them as the same key, so we'll use \family sans Return \family default and \family sans Enter \family default interchangeably. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The list with the currently set shortcuts can be found in the \family sans Help \family default menu under \family sans Shortcuts \family default . \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Units used in the Manuals \end_layout \begin_layout Standard To understand the units described in this documentation, Table \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "cap:Units-for-image" \end_inset explains all units available in LyX. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float table placement t wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "cap:Units-for-image" \end_inset Units \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \align center \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout unit \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout name/description \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout mm \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout millimeter \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout cm \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout centimeter \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout in \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout inch \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout pt \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout point (72.27 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset pt = 1 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset in) \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout pc \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout pica (1 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset pc = 12 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset pt) \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout sp \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout scaled point (65536 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset sp = 1 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset pt) \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout bp \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout big point (72 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset bp = 1 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset in) \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout dd \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout didot (72 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset dd \begin_inset Formula $\approx$ \end_inset 37.6 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset mm) \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout cc \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout cicero (1 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset cc = 12 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset dd) \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Scale% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of original image width \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout text% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of text width \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout col% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of column width \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout page% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of paper width \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout line% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of line width \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout theight% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of text height \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout pheight% \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout % of paper height \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout ex \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout height of letter \emph on x \emph default in current font \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout em \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout width of letter \emph on M \emph default in current font \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout mu \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout math unit (1 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset mu = 1/18 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset em) \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection The Manuals \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The following list describes the contents of the basic documentation files that you find in the \family sans Help \family default menu: \end_layout \begin_layout Description Introduction This file. \end_layout \begin_layout Description Tutorial If you are new to LyX, and have never used LaTeX before, you should start here. If you have used LaTeX before, you should still read the \emph on Tutorial \emph default , starting with the section on \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset LyX for LaTeX users. \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset (Skimming the rest of the document wouldn't hurt, either.) \end_layout \begin_layout Description User's \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset Guide The primary documentation. We'll cover \emph on most \emph default of the basic operation and available features of LyX here. The main manual assumes that you've read the \emph on Tutorial \emph default . \end_layout \begin_layout Description Embedded \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset Objects Extension of the \emph on User's Guide \emph default . Documents in detail how to use tables, graphics, floats, notes, program listings, and boxes. It also includes many tricks of the LaTeX masters. \end_layout \begin_layout Description Math Extension of the \emph on User's Guide \emph default . Documents in detail how to typeset any kind of formulas. \end_layout \begin_layout Description Additional \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset Features Extension of the \emph on User's Guide \emph default . Documents how to use raw LaTeX commands, additional layouts, and special-purpos e editing features. \end_layout \begin_layout Description Customization A description of advanced LyX features, including how to customize the overall behavior of LyX\SpecialChar \@. This includes such things as keybindings, internati onalization, and configuration files. It also includes information about layout files, which are needed to get LyX to support LaTeX classes or packages. \end_layout \begin_layout Description Shortcuts Tables with the currently defined LyX shortcuts. \end_layout \begin_layout Description LaTeX \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset configuration LyX investigates your system upon installation. This file contains info on what LyX learned about your installation. Check it to see if you're missing something you might like to have. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard These files will reference one another as necessary. For example, the \emph on User's Guide \emph default contains \emph on some \emph default information on installation and customization, but refers the reader to the \emph on Customization Manual \emph default for more information. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard We'll state again an important point: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center If you are new to LyX, read the \emph on Tutorial \emph default . Now\SpecialChar \@. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Otherwise, you could needlessly frustrate yourself. \end_layout \begin_layout Section Contributing to the LyX Project \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "sec:Contrib" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Contributing to LyX \end_layout \begin_layout Standard LyX is mostly written in C++ (the LaTeX importer is written in Python). It is a large project, and as a result it is not free from bugs, or the need for improvements in the source code. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Reporting a bug \end_layout \begin_layout Standard While using LyX, you may find behavior which you consider a bug. Crashes, though rare, can happen. User interface problems are considered major bugs by the LyX team: especially helpful are indications of parts of the LyX interface you find confusing, or unclear. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard LyX has a bug tracking system, which you can find at \family typewriter \begin_inset Flex URL status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout http://www.lyx.org/trac/wiki/BugTrackerHome \end_layout \end_inset \family default . You should check the bug tracker before reporting any bugs, in case it has already been reported. If you have a comment on an existing bug, or wish to report a new bug, you may either use the bug tracker, or send an e-mail to the development mailing list, \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href target "lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org" type "mailto:" \end_inset . Archives of this list are linked from the main LyX website, \family typewriter \begin_inset Flex URL status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout http://www.lyx.org/ \end_layout \end_inset \family default . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard A useful bug report will at a minimum include the version of LyX you are having the problem with. Accurate, detailed descriptions are preferred - the more time developers have to spend to pinpoint the source of a bug, the less time they have for other improvements. Mention the system and system version you are running LyX with. Give the versions of the libraries you have installed on your system, and, if relevant, the versions of external programs that LyX uses. If it's a compilation or configuration problem, include the file \family typewriter config.log \family default , and mention which compiler you are using. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Contributing fixes and new features \end_layout \begin_layout Standard If you have made changes to LyX's source that you think should become part of LyX, send your changes as a diff file (in unified format) to the development list referenced above, along with a change log, and a description of what your patch does. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Contributing to the Documentation \end_layout \begin_layout Standard LyX's documentation is extensive; however LyX is under constant development, and each new release adds new features. You may find some documentation needs improvement. This section describes what to do if you find an error, or have some suggestion s for improving the documentation. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Reporting Errors in the Manuals \end_layout \begin_layout Standard If you find a problem with the documentation, send a message to the mailing list \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org" type "mailto:" \end_inset . The documentation team will make any necessary fixes. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Joining the Documentation Team. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The LyX Documentation Project, like anything else in the LyX project, can always use assistance! If you're interested in contributing to the Documentatio n Project, you need to do the following: \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate Get the latest LyX source code from \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset \begin_inset Flex URL status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyx-devel/trunk/lib/doc \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate Next, read the \emph on User's Guide \emph default and the \emph on Tutorial \emph default \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset The point of this exercise is to give you ideas. The \emph on Tutorial \emph default and \emph on User's Guide \emph default is likely to be the most up-to-date of all of the documentation. You should be able to glean some insights into how we want the manuals to read and to look. \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate Contact the team at: \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org" type "mailto:" \end_inset \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset to discuss your intended changes, and get some feedback on them. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The changes you wish to make may range from improving clarity of the text, to doing major re-structuring of the documentation. Any and all improvements are gladly received. \end_layout \end_body \end_document