#LyX 1.5.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 245 \begin_document \begin_header \textclass article \begin_preamble \usepackage{multicol} \end_preamble \language english \inputencoding default \fontscheme default \graphics default \paperfontsize default \spacing single \papersize default \use_geometry false \use_amsmath 0 \cite_engine basic \use_bibtopic false \paperorientation portrait \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \defskip medskip \quotes_language english \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \tracking_changes false \output_changes true \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Title Multiple Columns \end_layout \begin_layout Author by \noun on Lars Gullik Bjønnes \end_layout \begin_layout Section Purpose \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The aim for this chapter is to show how the LaTeX package \family typewriter multicol \family default can be used in a LyX document. As LyX doesn't support the \family typewriter multicol \family default package natively yet, we have to use some small hacks. By reading this section it should be obvious how to do this. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Limitations \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The \family typewriter multicol \family default package allows switching between one and multicolumn format on the same page. Footnotes are handled correctly (for the most part), but will be placed at the bottom of the page and not under each column. LaTeX's float mechanism, however, is partly disabled in the current implementat ion. At the moment only page-wide floats can be used within the scope of the environment. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Examples \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Two columns \end_layout \begin_layout Standard If you want to have two columns in your text, you have use LaTeX mode to insert \family typewriter \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \family default at the point where you want the two column layout to start, and then \family typewriter \backslash end{multicols} \family default where you want it to end. Like this: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace -2ex \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \noindent \series bold \size small The Adventure of the Empty House \series default \newline by \noun on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested, and the fashionable world dismayed, by the murder of the Honourable Ronald Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances. The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came out in the police investigation, but a good deal was suppressed upon that occasion, since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts. Only now, at the end of nearly ten years, am I allowed to supply those missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain. The crime was of interest in itself, but that interest was as nothing to me compared to the inconceivable sequel, which afforded me the greatest shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life. Even now, after this long interval, I find myself thrilling as I think of it, and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy, amazement, and increduli ty which utterly submerged my mind. Let me say to that public, which has shown some interest in those glimpses which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very remarkable man, that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge with them, for I should have considered it my first duty to do so, had I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips, which was only withdrawn upon the third of last month. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Multiple columns \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The same pattern is used when you want more than two columns. (You can have more than 3 columns if you want , but that might not be very pleasant for the eye.) \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace -2ex \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash begin{multicols}{3} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size footnotesize It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested me deeply in crime, and that after his disappearance I never failed to read with care the various problems which came before the public. And I even attempted, more than once, for my own private satisfaction, to employ his methods in their solution, though with indifferent success. There was none, however, which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald Adair. As I read the evidence at the inquest, which led up to a verdict of willful murder against some person or persons unknown, I realized more clearly than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the death of Sherlock Holmes. There were points about this strange business which would, I was sure, have specially appealed to him, and the efforts of the police would have been supplemented, or more probably anticipated, by the trained observation and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe. All day, as I drove upon my round, I turned over the case in my mind and found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate. At the risk of telling a twice-told tale, I will recapitulate the facts as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Columns inside columns \end_layout \begin_layout Standard You can even have columns inside columns: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace -2ex \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size footnotesize The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth, at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies. Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for cataract, and she, her son Ronald, and her daughter Hilda were living together at 427 Park Lane. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace -2ex \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size footnotesize The youth moved in the best society--had, so far as was known, no enemies and no particular vices. He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley, of Carstairs, but the engagement had been broken off by mutual consent some months before, and there was no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it. For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle, for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional. Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came, in most strange and unexpected form, between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty on the night of March 30, 1894. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size footnotesize Ronald Adair was fond of cards--playing continually, but never for such stakes as would hurt him. He was a member of the Baldwin, the Cavendish, and the Bagatelle card clubs. It was shown that, after dinner on the day of his death, he had played a rubber of whist at the latter club. He had also played there in the afternoon. \size default \size footnotesize The evidence of those who had played with him-- Mr. Murray, Sir John Hardy, and Colonel Moran--showed that the game was whist, and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards. Adair might have lost five pounds, but not more. His fortune was a considerable one, and such a loss could not in any way affect him. He had played nearly every day at one club or other, but he was a cautious player, and usually rose a winner. It came out in evidence that, in partnership with Colonel Moran, he had actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting, some weeks before, from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral. So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Advanced Examples \end_layout \begin_layout Standard As you probably know \family typewriter multicol \family default has several customizing variables. The following examples shows how these can be used from LyX. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Preface and Skip \end_layout \begin_layout Standard If there is less than 5cm left on the page, a page break will be inserted before this bit, which has a preface text above the two columns: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash begin{multicols}{2}[ \end_layout \end_inset And the story continues and continues and continues and continues\SpecialChar \ldots{} \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard ][5cm] \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small On the evening of the crime, he returned from the club exactly at ten. His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation. The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second floor, generally used as his sitting-room. She had lit a fire there, and as it smoked she had opened the window. No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty, the hour of the return of Lady Maynooth and her daughter. Desiring to say good-night, she attempted to enter her son's room. The door was locked on the inside, and no answer could be got to their cries and knocking. Help was obtained, and the door forced. The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table. His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet, but no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room. On the table lay two bank notes for ten pounds each and seventeen pounds ten in silver and gold, the money arranged in little piles of varying amount. There were some figures also upon a sheet of paper, with the names of some club friends opposite to them, from which it was conjectured that before his death he was endeavouring to make out his losses or winnings at cards. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Preface and sections \end_layout \begin_layout Standard What if you want the preface to be a sectioning command? That can be done, but only through LaTeX commands inside the parameters for the \family typewriter multicols \family default command. Because of this, the section command cannot be provided by LyX: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash begin{multicols}{2}[ \backslash subsubsection{ \end_layout \end_inset This is the sectioning command as a preface \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard }][5cm] \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small A minute examination of the circumstances served only to make the case more complex. In the first place, no reason could be given why the young man should have fastened the door upon the inside. There was the possibility that the murderer had done this, and had afterwards escaped by the window. The drop was at least twenty feet, however, and a bed of crocuses in full bloom lay beneath. Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed, nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated the house from the road. Apparently, therefore, it was the young man himself who had fastened the door. But how did he come by his death? No one could have climbed up to the window without leaving traces. Suppose a man had fired through the window, he would indeed be a remarkable shot who could with a revolver inflict so deadly a wound. Again, Park Lane is a frequented thoroughfare; there is a cab stand within a hundred yards of the house. No one had heard a shot. And yet there was the dead man and there the revolver bullet, which had mushroomed out, as soft-nosed bullets will, and so inflicted a wound which must have caused instantaneous death. Such were the circumstances of the Park Lane Mystery, which were further complicated by entire absence of motive, since, as I have said, young Adair was not known to have any enemy, and no attempt had been made to remove the money or valuables in the room. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Free Space \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The \family typewriter multicol \family default package demands that a certain amount of space is available before and after a multicolumn section. In addition \family typewriter multicol \family default inserts a given space in front of and after the multicol section. The commands to change the default settings for this must be given just before the \family typewriter \backslash begin{multicols} \family default . This example puts a space of 3 cm in front of and after the multicolumn text: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash setlength{ \backslash multicolsep}{3cm} \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small All day I turned these facts over in my mind, endeavouring to hit upon some theory which could reconcile them all, and to find that line of least resistanc e which my poor friend had declared to be the starting-point of every investigat ion. I confess that I made little progress. In the evening I strolled across the Park, and found myself about six o'clock at the Oxford Street end of Park Lane. A group of loafers upon the pavements, all staring up at a particular window, directed me to the house which I had come to see. A tall, thin man with coloured glasses, whom I strongly suspected of being a plain-clothes detective, was pointing out some theory of his own, while the others crowded round to listen to what he said. I got as near him as I could, but his observations seemed to me to be absurd, so I withdrew again in some disgust. As I did so I struck against an elderly, deformed man, who had been behind me, and I knocked down several books which he was carrying. I remember that as I picked them up, I observed the title of one of them, THE ORIGIN OF TREE WORSHIP, and it struck me that the fellow must be some poor bibliophile, who, either as a trade or as a hobby, was a collector of obscure volumes. I endeavoured to apologize for the accident, but it was evident that these books which I had so unfortunately maltreated were very precious objects in the eyes of their owner. With a snarl of contempt he turned upon his heel, and I saw his curved back and white side-whiskers disappear among the throng. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Paragraph Note: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The values you set with \family typewriter \backslash setlength \family default must be reset to default after use, or you will get the modified value in the rest of your document. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash setlength{ \backslash multicolsep}{13pt} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Column Width and Separation \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The width of the columns inside the \family sans multicols \family default environment is automatically calculated, but you can modify the space between two columns explicitly. The space between the following two columns is 3 cm wide: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash setlength{ \backslash columnsep}{3cm} \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small My observations of No. 427 Park Lane did little to clear up the problem in which I was interested. The house was separated from the street by a low wall and railing, the whole not more than five feet high. It was perfectly easy, therefore, for anyone to get into the garden, but the window was entirely inaccessible, since there was no water pipe or anything which could help the most active man to climb it. More puzzled than ever, I retraced my steps to Kensington. I had not been in my study five minutes when the maid entered to say that a person desired to see me. To my astonishment it was none other than my strange old book collector, his sharp, wizened face peering out from a frame of white hair, and his precious volumes, a dozen of them at least, wedged under his right arm. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Once again, we have to reset the value after use to avoid using it in the rest of the document. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash setlength{ \backslash columnsep}{10pt} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection Vertical Lines \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Between every two columns, a rule of width \family typewriter \backslash columnseprule \family default is placed. If this rule is set to 0 pt, the rule is suppressed. In the following example, the line separating the two columns is 2 pt wide. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash setlength{ \backslash columnseprule}{2pt} \backslash begin{multicols}{2} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset You're surprised to see me, sir, \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset said he, in a strange, croaking voice. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small I acknowledged that I was. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Well, I've a conscience, sir, and when I chanced to see you go into this house, as I came hobbling after you, I thought to myself, I'll just step in and see that kind gentleman, and tell him that if I was a bit gruff in my manner there was not any harm meant, and that I am much obliged to him for picking up my books. \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset You make too much of a trifle, \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset said I. \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset May I ask how you knew who I was? \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \size small \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Well, sir, if it isn't too great a liberty, I am a neighbour of yours, for you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street, and very happy to see you, I am sure. Maybe you collect yourself, sir. Here's \noun on British\InsetSpace ~ Birds \noun default , and \noun on Catullus \noun default , and \noun on The Holy War \noun default --a bargain, every one of them. With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf. It looks untidy, does it not, sir? \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash end{multicols} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard As usual, we reset the value after use. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \backslash setlength{ \backslash columnseprule}{0pt} \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard You'll have to go to the library to read the rest of the story. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Standard \SpecialChar \ldots{} or cheat like we did and find it at the Gutenberg project somewhere on the Web. \end_layout \end_inset Believe it or not, but it's actually a bit of a cliff-hanger at this point in the story\SpecialChar \ldots{} \end_layout \end_body \end_document