#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\language english
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\use_package amsmath 2
\use_package amssymb 2
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\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
\use_package mathtools 2
\use_package mhchem 1
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\index Index
\shortcut idx
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\end_index
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\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Section*
Minimal failing example for Math.lyx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
's detailed Math manual fails with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
missing character
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
errors for the following reasons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
Fractions
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
For nested fractions the command
\series bold
\backslash
cfrac
\series default
can be used.
Here is an example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{align*}
\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}
\end{align*}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
In
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
mathematical text
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and with tex2lyx, the
\backslash
textbackslash became 0x29f5 REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR.
After adding
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
deprecated
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in lib/unicodesymbols, this is fixed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The converted characters should be replaced with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\backslash
textbackslash
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
Bold Formulas
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
To make a complete formula bold, the command
\series bold
\backslash
mathbf
\series default
from the previous subsection cannot be used, because it doesn't work for
small Greek letters.
Furthermore it prints Latin letters always upright, like in the following
equation:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}
\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Capital Greek characters in
\backslash
mathbf lead to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
missing character
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
errors with non-TeX fonts.
Small Greek characters are not bolded, because TeX treats them as symbols,
not letters (unless you load the package
\emph on
isomath
\emph default
or
\emph on
fixmath
\emph default
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
Special Characters in Mathematical Text
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in \SpecialChar TeX
mode:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
oe
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{œ}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
OE
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Œ}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ae
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{æ}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
AE
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Æ}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
aa
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{å}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
AA
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
@
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
textrm{
\backslash
AA}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
i
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ı}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The space of 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm is used for separation, because otherwise the output will be ¡ and ¿
respectively.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
o
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ø}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
O
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ø}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
l
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ł}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
L
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ł}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
!
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 0mm
\end_inset
`
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{!`}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
?
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 0mm
\end_inset
`
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{?`}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
j
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ȷ}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The characters
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Å}}$
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Ø}}$
\end_inset
can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\digamma"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
The literal
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\strikeout off
\uuline off
\uwave off
\noun off
\color none
Å
\family default
\series default
\shape default
\size default
\emph default
\bar default
\strikeout default
\uuline default
\uwave default
\noun default
\color inherit
212B ANGSTROM SIGN is not present in many fonts.
The Unicode standard says
\emph on
preferred representation is 00C5.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The backconversion
\backslash
AA -> 212B is now deprecated in lib/unicodesymbols.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The converted characters should be replaced with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\backslash
AA
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
Accents in Text
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
With the following commands all letters can be accented.
The commands must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
"e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
`e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
`e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
^
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
^e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
=e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
=e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
u
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
u e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
b
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
b e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
t
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
ee
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
t ee
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
H
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
H e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
'e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
'e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
~e
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Tilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
~e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
.e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
.e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
v
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
v e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
d
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
d e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
c
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
c e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
With the command
\series bold
\backslash
t
\series default
also two different characters can be accented.
The command
\series bold
\backslash
t
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
sz
\series default
creates:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
t sz
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Examples for accented characters missing in Latin Modern:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
t
\family default
leads to 0x0361 COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE (ligature tie) and
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Missing character: There is no ͡ in font [lmroman12-regular]:mapping=tex-text!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
c e
\family default
leads to 0229 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA and
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Missing character: There is no ȩ in font [lmroman12-regular]:mapping=tex-text!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Using a different non-tex font is not recommended for the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Math
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
manual, because TeX-Maths uses Computer Modern which matches with Latin
Modern and looks suboptimal with other fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
OTOH, examples for ERT commands to get accented text letters are not really
helpfull in a mathematics documentation even when mathematical text can
be (ab)used to get them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
BTW: If keeping them, the following parts of Math.lyx should be corrected
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00
\noindent
- The accents
\series bold
`
\series default
,
\series bold
'
\series default
and
\series bold
^
\series default
can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without
using \SpecialChar TeX
mode.
The same applies for the tilde
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
This only applies for keyboards where the tilde is defined as accent.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series bold
~
\series default
in combination with
\emph on
a
\emph default
,
\emph on
n
\emph default
, or
\emph on
o
\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00
+ If the keyboard defines them as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
dead keys
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, the accents
\series bold
`
\series default
,
\series bold
'
\series default
, ^, and ~ can in combination with supported characters directly be inserted
with the keyboard without using \SpecialChar TeX
mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00
- The commands
\series bold
\backslash
b
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
c
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
d
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
H
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
t
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
u
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
v
\series default
and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available
in mathematical text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00
+ Like any LaTeX commands,
\series bold
\backslash
b
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
c
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
d
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
H
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
t
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
u
\series default
,
\series bold
\backslash
v
\series default
are available in mathematical text without the need to wrap them in a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
TeX Code
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
(ERT) inset .
\end_layout
\end_body
\end_document