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git-svn-id: svn://svn.lyx.org/lyx/lyx-devel/trunk@27330 a592a061-630c-0410-9148-cb99ea01b6c8
1021 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
1021 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 1.6.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 345
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\textclass article
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\begin_preamble
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\usepackage{multicol}
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\author ""
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\author ""
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Multiple Columns
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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by
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\noun on
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Lars Gullik Bjønnes
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Propósito
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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La intención de este capítulo es mostrar cómo se puede usar el paquete LaTeX
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\family typewriter
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multicol
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\family default
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en un documento LyX.
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Como Lyx aún no soporta propiamente
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\family typewriter
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multicol
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\family default
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, Tenemos que usar algunos pequeños montajes.
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Al leer esta sección debería resultar obvio cómo hacerlo.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Limitaciones
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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El paquete
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\family typewriter
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multicol
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\family default
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permite alternar entre los formatos a una columna y multicolumna en la
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misma página.
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Las notas al pie se manejan correctamente (en su mayor parte), pero se
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colocarán al pie de la página y no al pie de cada columna.
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El mecanismo de flotación de LaTeX, sin embargo, es deshabilitado parcialmente
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en la implementación actual.
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Por el momento, en el ámbito de este documento solo se pueden usar flotantes
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a página completa.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Ejemplos
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Dos columnas
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Si quieres poner dos columnas en tu texto debes usar el modo LaTeX e insertar
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\family default
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en el punto en el que quieras comenzar el formato de dos columnas, y después
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\family default
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donde quieras finalizarlo.
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Como esto:
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\noindent
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\series bold
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\size small
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The Adventure of the Empty House
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\series default
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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by
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\noun on
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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested, and
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the fashionable world dismayed, by the murder of the Honourable Ronald
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Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances.
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The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came
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out in the police investigation, but a good deal was suppressed upon that
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occasion, since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong
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that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts.
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Only now, at the end of nearly ten years, am I allowed to supply those
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missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain.
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The crime was of interest in itself, but that interest was as nothing to
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me compared to the inconceivable sequel, which afforded me the greatest
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shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life.
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Even now, after this long interval, I find myself thrilling as I think
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of it, and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy, amazement, and increduli
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ty which utterly submerged my mind.
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Let me say to that public, which has shown some interest in those glimpses
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which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very
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remarkable man, that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge
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with them, for I should have considered it my first duty to do so, had
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I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips, which was
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only withdrawn upon the third of last month.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Columnas múltiples
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Si quieres más de dos columnas se sigue el mismo patrón.
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(Puedes poner más de tres columnas si quieres, pero podría no ser muy agradable
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para la vista.)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{3}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested
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me deeply in crime, and that after his disappearance I never failed to
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read with care the various problems which came before the public.
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And I even attempted, more than once, for my own private satisfaction,
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to employ his methods in their solution, though with indifferent success.
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There was none, however, which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald
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Adair.
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As I read the evidence at the inquest, which led up to a verdict of willful
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murder against some person or persons unknown, I realized more clearly
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than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the
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death of Sherlock Holmes.
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There were points about this strange business which would, I was sure,
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have specially appealed to him, and the efforts of the police would have
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been supplemented, or more probably anticipated, by the trained observation
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and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe.
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All day, as I drove upon my round, I turned over the case in my mind and
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found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate.
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At the risk of telling a twice-told tale, I will recapitulate the facts
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as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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status collapsed
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Columnas dentro de columnas
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Incluso puedes poner columnas dentro de columnas:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth,
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at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies.
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Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for
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cataract, and she, her son Ronald, and her daughter Hilda were living together
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at 427 Park Lane.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\begin_layout Standard
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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The youth moved in the best society--had, so far as was known, no enemies
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and no particular vices.
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He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley, of Carstairs, but the engagement
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had been broken off by mutual consent some months before, and there was
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no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it.
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For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle,
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for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional.
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Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came, in most
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strange and unexpected form, between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty
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on the night of March 30, 1894.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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Ronald Adair was fond of cards--playing continually, but never for such
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stakes as would hurt him.
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He was a member of the Baldwin, the Cavendish, and the Bagatelle card clubs.
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It was shown that, after dinner on the day of his death, he had played
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a rubber of whist at the latter club.
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He had also played there in the afternoon.
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\size default
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\size footnotesize
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The evidence of those who had played with him-- Mr.
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Murray, Sir John Hardy, and Colonel Moran--showed that the game was whist,
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and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards.
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Adair might have lost five pounds, but not more.
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His fortune was a considerable one, and such a loss could not in any way
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affect him.
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He had played nearly every day at one club or other, but he was a cautious
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player, and usually rose a winner.
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It came out in evidence that, in partnership with Colonel Moran, he had
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actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting, some
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weeks before, from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral.
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So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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status collapsed
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end{multicols}
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Ejemplos avanzados
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Probablemente sepas que
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\family typewriter
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multicol
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\family default
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tiene varias variables configurables.
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Los ejemplos siguientes muestran cómo usarlas en LyX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Prólogo y salto
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Si quedan menos de 5
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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cm en la página, se va a insertar un salto de página delante de esta pequeña
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cantidad, con un texto de prólogo sobre las dos columnas:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}[
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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Y la historia continúa y continúa y continúa y continúa\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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][5cm]
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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On the evening of the crime, he returned from the club exactly at ten.
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His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation.
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The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second
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floor, generally used as his sitting-room.
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She had lit a fire there, and as it smoked she had opened the window.
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No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty, the hour of the return
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of Lady Maynooth and her daughter.
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Desiring to say good-night, she attempted to enter her son's room.
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The door was locked on the inside, and no answer could be got to their
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cries and knocking.
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Help was obtained, and the door forced.
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The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table.
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His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet, but
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no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room.
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On the table lay two bank notes for ten pounds each and seventeen pounds
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ten in silver and gold, the money arranged in little piles of varying amount.
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There were some figures also upon a sheet of paper, with the names of some
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club friends opposite to them, from which it was conjectured that before
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his death he was endeavouring to make out his losses or winnings at cards.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Prólogo y secciones
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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¿Qué hacer si quieres que el prólogo sea un comando de sección? Se puede
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hacer, pero solo mediante comandos LaTeX en los parámetros del comando
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\family typewriter
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multicols
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\family default
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.
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Debido a esto, el comando sección no puede ser provisto por LyX:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}[
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\backslash
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subsubsection{
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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Esto es el comando de sección como prólogo
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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}][5cm]
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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A minute examination of the circumstances served only to make the case more
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complex.
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In the first place, no reason could be given why the young man should have
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fastened the door upon the inside.
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There was the possibility that the murderer had done this, and had afterwards
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escaped by the window.
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The drop was at least twenty feet, however, and a bed of crocuses in full
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bloom lay beneath.
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Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed,
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nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated
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the house from the road.
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Apparently, therefore, it was the young man himself who had fastened the
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door.
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But how did he come by his death? No one could have climbed up to the window
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without leaving traces.
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Suppose a man had fired through the window, he would indeed be a remarkable
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shot who could with a revolver inflict so deadly a wound.
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Again, Park Lane is a frequented thoroughfare; there is a cab stand within
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a hundred yards of the house.
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No one had heard a shot.
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And yet there was the dead man and there the revolver bullet, which had
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mushroomed out, as soft-nosed bullets will, and so inflicted a wound which
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must have caused instantaneous death.
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Such were the circumstances of the Park Lane Mystery, which were further
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complicated by entire absence of motive, since, as I have said, young Adair
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was not known to have any enemy, and no attempt had been made to remove
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the money or valuables in the room.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Espacio libre
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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El paquete
|
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\family typewriter
|
|
multicol
|
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\family default
|
|
exige una cierta cantidad de espacio disponible antes y después de una
|
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sección multicolumna.
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Además
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\family typewriter
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multicol
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\family default
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inserta un espacio dado delante y detrás de la sección multicolumna.
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Los comandos para cambiar la configuración predeterminada para esto deben
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darse justo antes de
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}
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\family default
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.
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Este ejemplo pone un espacio de 3
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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cm delante y detrás del texto multicolumna:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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setlength{
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\backslash
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multicolsep}{3cm}
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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All day I turned these facts over in my mind, endeavouring to hit upon some
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theory which could reconcile them all, and to find that line of least resistanc
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e which my poor friend had declared to be the starting-point of every investigat
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ion.
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I confess that I made little progress.
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In the evening I strolled across the Park, and found myself about six o'clock
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at the Oxford Street end of Park Lane.
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A group of loafers upon the pavements, all staring up at a particular window,
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directed me to the house which I had come to see.
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A tall, thin man with coloured glasses, whom I strongly suspected of being
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a plain-clothes detective, was pointing out some theory of his own, while
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the others crowded round to listen to what he said.
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I got as near him as I could, but his observations seemed to me to be absurd,
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so I withdrew again in some disgust.
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As I did so I struck against an elderly, deformed man, who had been behind
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me, and I knocked down several books which he was carrying.
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I remember that as I picked them up, I observed the title of one of them,
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THE ORIGIN OF TREE WORSHIP, and it struck me that the fellow must be some
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poor bibliophile, who, either as a trade or as a hobby, was a collector
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of obscure volumes.
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I endeavoured to apologize for the accident, but it was evident that these
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books which I had so unfortunately maltreated were very precious objects
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in the eyes of their owner.
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With a snarl of contempt he turned upon his heel, and I saw his curved
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back and white side-whiskers disappear among the throng.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Paragraph
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Nota:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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El valor establecido con
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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setlength
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\family default
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debe restablecerse después al predeterminado, o se mantendrá el valor modificad
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o en el resto del documento.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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setlength{
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\backslash
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multicolsep}{13pt}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Anchura y separación de columnas
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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La anchura de las columnas en el entorno
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\family sans
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multicols
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\family default
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se calcula automáticamente, pero el espacio entre columnas puede modificarse
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explícitamente.
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Entre las dos columnas siguientes se ha puesto un espacio de 3
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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cm:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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setlength{
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\backslash
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columnsep}{3cm}
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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My observations of No.
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427 Park Lane did little to clear up the problem in which I was interested.
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The house was separated from the street by a low wall and railing, the
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whole not more than five feet high.
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It was perfectly easy, therefore, for anyone to get into the garden, but
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the window was entirely inaccessible, since there was no water pipe or
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anything which could help the most active man to climb it.
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More puzzled than ever, I retraced my steps to Kensington.
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I had not been in my study five minutes when the maid entered to say that
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a person desired to see me.
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To my astonishment it was none other than my strange old book collector,
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his sharp, wizened face peering out from a frame of white hair, and his
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precious volumes, a dozen of them at least, wedged under his right arm.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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De nuevo hemos de restablecer el valor después de usarlo para evitar que
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se mantenga para el resto del documento.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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setlength{
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\backslash
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columnsep}{10pt}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Líneas verticales
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Entre cada dos columnas se puede dibujar una línea con una anchura dada
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por
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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columnseprule
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\family default
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.
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Si esta línea se establece a 0
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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pt, se suprime.
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En el siguiente ejemplo la anchura de la línea entre las dos columnas es
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de 2
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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pt:
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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|
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\backslash
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setlength{
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\backslash
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columnseprule}{2pt}
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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You're surprised to see me, sir,
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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said he, in a strange, croaking voice.
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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I acknowledged that I was.
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
|
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|
Well, I've a conscience, sir, and when I chanced to see you go into this
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house, as I came hobbling after you, I thought to myself, I'll just step
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in and see that kind gentleman, and tell him that if I was a bit gruff
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in my manner there was not any harm meant, and that I am much obliged to
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him for picking up my books.
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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You make too much of a trifle,
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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said I.
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|
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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May I ask how you knew who I was?
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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|
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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Well, sir, if it isn't too great a liberty, I am a neighbour of yours, for
|
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you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street, and very
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happy to see you, I am sure.
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Maybe you collect yourself, sir.
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Here's
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\noun on
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British
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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|
Birds
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\noun default
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, and
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\noun on
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Catullus
|
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\noun default
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, and
|
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\noun on
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The Holy War
|
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\noun default
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--a bargain, every one of them.
|
|
With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
|
|
It looks untidy, does it not, sir?
|
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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|
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
|
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\begin_inset ERT
|
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status collapsed
|
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|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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|
|
|
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\backslash
|
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end{multicols}
|
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\end_layout
|
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|
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\end_inset
|
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|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Como antes, restablecemos ahora el valor.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
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\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
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\backslash
|
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columnseprule}{0pt}
|
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\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Tendrás que ir a la biblioteca para leer el resto de la historia.
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
o haz trampa como nosotros y encuéntralo en el proyecto Gutenberg por ahí
|
|
en la Web.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Lo creas o no, realmente hay algo de suspense en este punto de la historia\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_body
|
|
\end_document
|