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1496 lines
34 KiB
Plaintext
1496 lines
34 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 566
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\save_transient_properties true
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\origin /systemlyxdir/doc/zh_CN/
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\textclass article
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\begin_preamble
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% Chinese localization
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\@ifpackageloaded{fontspec}%
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{\usepackage{ctex}}% ctex with non-TeX fonts
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{%\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}% error with font setup (missing font?)
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}
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\end_preamble
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\use_default_options true
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\maintain_unincluded_children false
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\language chinese-simplified
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\index_command default
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\float_placement class
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||
\float_alignment class
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\paperfontsize 12
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\spacing onehalf
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\use_hyperref true
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\pdf_title "Introduction to LyX"
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||
\pdf_author "LyX Team"
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||
\pdf_subject "LyX-documentation Intro"
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\pdf_keywords "LyX, documentation"
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||
\pdf_bookmarks true
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\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
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\pdf_bookmarksopen true
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\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 2
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\pdf_breaklinks false
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\pdf_pdfborder false
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\pdf_colorlinks true
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\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
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||
\papersize a4paper
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\use_geometry false
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\use_package amsmath 1
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\use_package amssymb 1
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\use_package cancel 1
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\use_package esint 1
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\use_package mathdots 1
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\use_package mathtools 1
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\use_package mhchem 1
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\use_package stackrel 1
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\use_package stmaryrd 1
|
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\use_package undertilde 1
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\cite_engine basic
|
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\cite_engine_type default
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\biblio_style plain
|
||
\use_bibtopic false
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||
\use_indices false
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||
\paperorientation portrait
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||
\suppress_date false
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||
\justification true
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||
\use_refstyle 0
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||
\use_minted 0
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\index 索引
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\shortcut idx
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||
\color #008000
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\end_index
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||
\secnumdepth 3
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||
\tocdepth 3
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||
\paragraph_separation indent
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\paragraph_indentation default
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||
\is_math_indent 0
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\math_numbering_side default
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\quotes_style english
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\html_css_as_file 0
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\html_be_strict false
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||
\end_header
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||
|
||
\begin_body
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Title
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
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||
简介
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Author
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
工作组
|
||
\begin_inset Foot
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||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
对此文档有任何话想说,请 Email 到
|
||
\family typewriter
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
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||
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
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||
type "mailto:"
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||
literal "false"
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||
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||
\end_inset
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||
|
||
|
||
\family default
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||
。
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\end_layout
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||
\end_inset
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||
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|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset toc
|
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LatexCommand tableofcontents
|
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|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的哲学
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
什么是 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
?
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
是一个文档写作系统,除了处理一般文档所需的自动章节编号、自动页码、拼写检查等功能之外,其强项在于包含数学公式、交叉引用、参考文献、附录等东西的复杂科技文档的写
|
||
作。虽然有更简单的软件,但你的确可以用 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
给 MM 写信。\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
不适合制作横幅、传单、广告(后边解释),当然通过一些努力也能达到目的。下边是 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
应用的一些例子:备忘
|
||
录、书信、(学位)论文、课程笔记、会议记录、会议论文集、软件文档、书、科技文章、剧本、标书、幻灯片……
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
使用现代标记语言书写文档,它颠覆了传统的“打字机概念”。使用 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
你可以快捷的得到专业的输出效果,而不需要成为排版专家。计算机会处理大部分的排版工作,而作者只需
|
||
要专心于其写作的内容。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
使用 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
最初的挑战来自于使用者观念上必需经历的变化。以前用于写作文档的工具就是打字机,我们都会一些使用打字机的小技巧。下划线用于强调;创建表格前需要计算各种尺寸
|
||
并设定之,写信或右对齐的文本也是这样;每行末尾的连字符也需要特别小心。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
就是说我们都已经习惯于关心字符排版的细枝末节,几乎所有的字处理软件也都是这种理念。人们还在使用 Tab 键创建空白;你还需要关心什么东西应该出现在页面上的什么位
|
||
置;强调某处文本就是改变一下字体。这就是所见即所得的字处理软件的哲学根基(WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get)。不幸的是
|
||
它常常变为“所见到的就是你的所有”。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的不同之处在于,你不必关心排版的问题。你只需要告诉 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
你正在干什么,\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
会按照预定的样式处理排版的问题
|
||
\begin_inset Foot
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||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
多数流行的办公套装早已经支持样式了,只是在实际应用中被使用的很少。(译注:其实主要的原因是,根本不需要使用样式就能满足我们那些少的可怜的需求了。)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
。看一个小例子:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
假设你正在写一篇报告,你需要把“简介”作为第 1 节。你通过某个菜单把字体大小设为所需要的,然后再设成黑体,最后输入“1.
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
简介”。如果以后你打算把这一节放到其它的地方,或者你在它前边插入一个新的节,你需要修改该小节和后边所有小节的编号以及目录中的相应部分。
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
在 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
中,你需要工具栏左边的下拉列表中选择节,然后输入“简介”。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
嗯,就是这么简单。如果你剪切该节到其它地方,节编号会自动重排。如果你在该节中使用了交叉引用,\SpecialChar LyX
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||
也会自动处理的,所以你永远不用输入节编号。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
现在我们再来看看一致性。5 天后,你继续写报告的第 4 节,但是你忘记了,你应该使用小二号字而不是三号字。这样你第 4 节和第 1 节标题的字体就不同了。这种问
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||
题在 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
中是不存在的,\SpecialChar LyX
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||
将会安排什么东西使用什么字体的,毕竟计算机对这些是很在行的。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
另一例:假设你正在做一个列表。在其它的字处理软件中,列表就是一堆的 Tab 和新行。你需要确定在什么地方放置列表项的标签、应该使用哪个标签、每个标签项之间需要多
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||
少个空行……在 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
中你只需要关心两件事:使用什么类型的列表;列表放在什么地方。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
\SpecialChar LyX
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||
的基本理念是:指定你在做什么,而不是怎样做。对应于“所见即所得”,\SpecialChar LyX
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||
的模式是“所见即所想”(WYSIWYM)。这种观念非常有效,它大大简化了文档的书写过程。这
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||
也是为什么 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
不适合做海报、传单,这时候你的确需要确定什么东西应该放在什么地方,因为这里没有节、段的概念。这并不是说 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
缺少了很酷的功能,而是说
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
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||
不是干这些事合适的工具。就像你不会用螺丝刀去砸钉子。
|
||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Subsection
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||
与众不同的 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
下边的东西你不会在 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
中找到:
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
标尺
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
Tab 位
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
多余的空白(敲回车或空格两次以上)
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
Tab 位、标尺标明了页面上各元素的位置,这些东西在 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
中没有用处,程序自会处理这些东西,而不是您。空白也是,\SpecialChar LyX
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||
会根据上下文情况加上空白。开始时,不能输入两个空
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||
行会很烦人,但当你能使用所见即所想的方式去思考问题的时候,你会发现这将更有意义。
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
下边是 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
中存在的东西,但它们可能不像你想象的那样:
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
缩进控制
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
断页
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
行间距
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
水平(垂直)空白
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
字体与字号
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||
\end_layout
|
||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
字型
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
这些东西存在于 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
中,但你一般用不到它们。\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
会根据你正在做的事情帮你处理好它们。文档的不同部分会被设置成为不同的字型与字号。段落的缩进是上下文相关的,不同的段落
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||
类型会有不同的缩进。断页也是自动进行的。字间、行间、段间的距离是可以通过 \SpecialChar LyX
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||
设置的。
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||
\begin_inset Foot
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||
status collapsed
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||
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||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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||
有多种方法可以调节这些东西(只有一小部分需要 \SpecialChar LaTeX
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||
知识),你可以调整整篇文档,也可以调整文档中的某一部分。参见用户指南或
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||
\emph on
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Additional Features
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||
\emph default
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||
。
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\end_layout
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||
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||
\end_inset
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||
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||
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
最后,有些地方 \SpecialChar LyX
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比其它字处理软件强:
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
断字
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||
\end_layout
|
||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
列表
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||
\end_layout
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||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
数学
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||
\end_layout
|
||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
表格
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||
\end_layout
|
||
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||
\begin_layout Itemize
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||
交叉引用
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||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
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||
当然很多现代字处理软件都能处理这些,而且有些软件也使用了样式和所见即所想的理念。要知道这些软件也仅仅是最近才开始这么做的,而 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
使用的 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
在 20
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||
年前就开始玩这些了。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
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||
什么是 \SpecialChar LaTeX
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||
?
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||
\begin_inset Foot
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||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
本节资料来源于《
|
||
\emph on
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||
A Guide to \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
|
||
|
||
\emph default
|
||
》,作者:Helmut Kopka 和 Patrick Daly,
|
||
\emph on
|
||
User's Guide
|
||
\emph default
|
||
的参考文献中有相关的条目。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
是由 Leslie Lamport 在 1985 年设计的一套基于 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
的文档写作系统。\SpecialChar TeX
|
||
是 Donald Knuth 在 1984 年编写的一种排版语言。\SpecialChar TeX
|
||
|
||
将一系列的排版命令写在角本文件中并执行之。印刷业的很多排版方法都是由 Knuth 用算法实现的并合并到了 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
中,因此 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
的排版效果是非常优秀的。\SpecialChar TeX
|
||
|
||
的输出文件格式为 PDF 或 DVI(device independent)。DVI 文件常被用于预览,还可以被转化为其它的格式,比如 PostScript。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar TeX
|
||
不仅仅是一个排版引擎,它还可以定义宏。我们通常说的使用 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
,实际上是在使用 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
的宏包,这些宏包隐藏了大部分的排版细节。提到宏包就不能不说 Leslie
|
||
Lamport,他希望有一个宏包能够更加用户友好,有命令集可以一致可靠的排版节、表格和数学公式。这样,\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
宏包诞生了。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
现在,在 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
研发成长的同时,还有些人也建立了他们自己定制的宏包,如为某个数学杂志制作幻灯片、文档等。有的宏包使用了原生的 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
工具,有的是在 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
之上修改而来,局面
|
||
那叫一个混乱。为了一统天下,二十世纪八十年代一个小组开始着手于 \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
|
||
。这个新版本提供了易用的用户界面,方便创建宏包、帮助使用新字体等。实际上 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
是一种可扩展性极强的
|
||
语言,世界各地的用户编写了大量的插件。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
有两种方法对 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
进行扩展:类和样式。类就是描述一个新文档类型的 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
宏集,如书籍类、文章类。类还可以用于幻灯、物理、数学期刊……很多大学甚至还有学位论文专用的类。
|
||
样式并不定义新的文档类型,它定义了所有文档都可用的不同行为。例:\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
使用两个样式文件来控制页边距和行间距。样式文件可以做很多事情:排印标签或信封;控制缩进行为;添
|
||
加字体;复制图片;设计页眉;定制参考文献;改变脚注、表格、图形的位置与外观;定制列表项……
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
总结:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
\SpecialChar TeX
|
||
: 有宏扩展能力的排版语言。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
: 基于 \SpecialChar TeX
|
||
的宏包。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
文档类: 用 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
描述文档类型。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
样式: 改变 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
的默认行为方式。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
: \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
的可视化图形前端。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
本节历数了 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
同其它字处理软件的不同之处。简单说就是:\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
。使用 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
作为其后台程序,\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
使你更加关注你所写的东西。计算机则去处理它们看起来应该是什么样子。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
|
||
文档导航
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
为了使你能够更容易的找到问题的答案以及更好的描述 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的特性,我们将 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的文档分成了几个不同的文件。每个文件有其特定的目的,后边将会一一描述。在你阅读那些文档之前
|
||
你应该先读一下这一节的内容,它包含了很多有用的信息与评论,这反而会为你节约一些时间。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的开发不会停止,虽然我们努力使文档跟上开发的节奏,但还是有些文档不完整或者有点过时。与 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的其它部分一样,文档的维护工作是由一群志愿者完成的,他们都有自己的工
|
||
作、家庭。如果你想帮忙,请阅读第
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
|
||
LatexCommand ref
|
||
reference "sec:为-LyX-项目添砖加瓦"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
节。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
请帮助我们完善文档:如果你发现有什么搞不明白、错误的地方,不要犹豫,发邮件到
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
|
||
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
|
||
type "mailto:"
|
||
literal "false"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
联系当前的文档维护者。如果你有在文档中找不到的问题或需要快速解决的问题,你可以发邮件到
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
|
||
target "lyx-users@lists.lyx.org"
|
||
type "mailto:"
|
||
literal "false"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
手册格式
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
有的人会把手册打印出来,有的人在 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
中阅读。\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
文档和打印出来的版本有些区别。首先,\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
文档中标题就只是在文档的最上边,有些手册的打印版中标题是单独占一页的。\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
|
||
中脚注、目录并不是完全可见的。脚注看起来是这样:
|
||
\begin_inset Graphics
|
||
filename ../clipart/footnote.png
|
||
scale 70
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
,单击左键可以打开。要查看目录,你可以点击目录的那个灰色方框或者点击 Navigate 菜单。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
在打印版的手册中,交叉引用会显示实际的章节编号。电子版中交叉引用会显示为一个类似
|
||
\begin_inset Graphics
|
||
filename ../clipart/reference.png
|
||
scale 70
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
的灰色方框。左键单击会出现一个对话框显示文档中所有的交叉引用。在右键菜单中选择 Go to Label 就可以转到引用的节,想返回的话在引用处单击右键选择
|
||
Go Back 就可以回到你刚才的地方了。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
现在我们已经知道一些打印版和 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
电子文档之间的区别了,我们再看看本文档的格式。你会注意到一些不同的字体:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
|
||
\shape italic
|
||
强调样式
|
||
\shape default
|
||
用于一般的强调、评论、书名、其它手册的章节名或者是作者的注释。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
|
||
\family typewriter
|
||
打字机字体
|
||
\family default
|
||
用于程序、文档名、\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
代码与函数。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
|
||
\family sans
|
||
Sans Serif 字体用于菜单、按钮、对话框名、按键名。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
|
||
\noun on
|
||
名称样式
|
||
\noun default
|
||
用于人名。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
|
||
\series bold
|
||
黑体
|
||
\series default
|
||
用于 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
代码。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
按键的表示请参见下表:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family sans
|
||
Ctrl-
|
||
\family default
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
表示 Ctrl。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family sans
|
||
Shift-
|
||
\family default
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
表示 Shift。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family sans
|
||
Alt-
|
||
\family default
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
表示 Alt。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family sans
|
||
F1
|
||
\family default
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
\SpecialChar ldots
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family sans
|
||
F12
|
||
\family default
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
表示功能键。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||
后边的不翻译了,用到的时候看不懂的话,请您补充一下计算机基础知识。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
当前快捷键的设置可以在帮助菜单下的 Shortcuts 文档中找到。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
长度单位
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
表
|
||
\begin_inset Formula $\,$
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
|
||
LatexCommand ref
|
||
reference "tab:单位"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
解释了 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
中用到的长度单位。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\begin_inset Float table
|
||
placement document
|
||
alignment document
|
||
wide false
|
||
sideways false
|
||
status open
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
\begin_inset Caption Standard
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||
LatexCommand label
|
||
name "tab:单位"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
单位
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
\align center
|
||
\begin_inset Tabular
|
||
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
|
||
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
|
||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
单位
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
名称(描述)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
mm
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
毫米
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
cm
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
厘米
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
in
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
英寸
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
pt
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
点(72.27 点 = 1 英寸)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
pc
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
pica(1 pc = 12 pt)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
sp
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
scaled point(65536
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
sp = 1
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
pt)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
bp
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
big point (72
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
bp = 1
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
in)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
dd
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
didot (72
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
dd
|
||
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
37.6
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
mm)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
cc
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
cicero (1
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
cc = 12
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
dd)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
Scale%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
缩放比例
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
text%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
文本宽度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
col%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
列宽度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
page%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
页面宽度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
line%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
行宽度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
theight%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
文本高度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
pheight%
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
页面高度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
ex
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
当前字体的字符“x”的高度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
em
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
当前字体的字符“M”的宽度
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
mu
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||
\begin_inset Text
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
计算单位(1
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
mu = 1/18
|
||
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
em)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
</cell>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</lyxtabular>
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
手册指南
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
下边的列表描述了帮助菜单中的手册内容:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
简介(Introduction) 本文档。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
简明教程(Tutorial) \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
新手与没用过 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
的人从这里读起。用过 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
的人从简明手册(
|
||
\emph on
|
||
Tutorial
|
||
\emph default
|
||
)的“\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
for \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
users”一节读起。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
用户指南(User's
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
Guide) 这是主帮助文档。我们将讲解绝大部分的基本操作与 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
特性。该手册默认你已经读过了简明教程(
|
||
\emph on
|
||
Tutorial
|
||
\emph default
|
||
)
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
嵌入对象(Embedded
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
Objects) 用户指南的扩展,包含了表格、图形、浮动体、注释、程序列表与盒子的详细使用方法。另外还包含了一些使用 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
的技巧。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
数学(Math) 用户指南的扩展,详细介绍了如何输入各种公式。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
附加特性(Additional
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
Features) 用户指南的扩展,介绍了如何使用原生的 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
指令、附加的页面布局与特殊目的的编辑特性。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
定制(Customization) 介绍了 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的高级特性:定制 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的所有行为,包括键盘绑定、国际化与配置文件。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
快捷键(Shortcuts) 默认的 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
快捷键列表。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Description
|
||
\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
配置(\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
configuration) \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
检查你的系统安装情况,将 \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
的安装情况汇总在该文档中。看看这个文档,没准你会找到些喜欢的东西。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
这些手册之间也会互相参考的。比如,用户指南中会提及安装与定制的内容,但它会让读者去看定制手册以获得更多信息的。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
我们再次重申一个重要问题:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\align center
|
||
如果你没用过 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
请现在就阅读简明教程(Tutorial)。
|
||
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
否则你将会给自己添加不必要的挫败感。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Section
|
||
为 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
项目添砖加瓦
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||
LatexCommand label
|
||
name "sec:为-LyX-项目添砖加瓦"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
给 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
做贡献
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
是一个大项目,大部分代码由 C++ 写成(\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
||
导入部分是用 Python 写的),所以它免不了会有很多 bug,也需要我们去完善其代码。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||
报告 bug
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
使用 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的时候,你没准会发现些你认为是 bug 的问题。崩溃也是有可能发生的。用户界面被开发组认为是 bug 最多的地方。如果你觉得什么地方让你看不懂了,就请告
|
||
诉他们吧,这会对他们帮助很大的。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
有个 bug 跟踪系统,你可以在这找到它:
|
||
\family typewriter
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Flex URL
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
|
||
https://www.lyx.org/trac/wiki/BugTrackerHome
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family default
|
||
。为了避免重复提交 bug,在提交 bug 之前你应该先搜索一下,看看是不是已经有人提交了相同的 bug。你可以在 bug 跟踪系统上对已有 bug
|
||
发表评论、提交新 bug,你也可以通过发邮件到:
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
|
||
target "lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org"
|
||
type "mailto:"
|
||
literal "false"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
来完成这些事。该邮件列表的存档链接你可以在 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的网站上找到,
|
||
\family typewriter
|
||
|
||
\begin_inset Flex URL
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
|
||
https://www.lyx.org/
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
|
||
\family default
|
||
。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
好的 bug 报告至少应该包含 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
版本和准确详细的问题描述。要知道,开发者定位 bug 的时间越长,他们用于其它改进的时间就越少。别忘了写上操作系统及其版本号,
|
||
系统上装的函数库的版本号,必要的话还要写上 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
使用的外部程序的版本号。如果是编译或配置问题,别忘了写上编译器并附上配置文件(
|
||
\family typewriter
|
||
config.log
|
||
\family default
|
||
)。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||
提供修正与新功能
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
如果你希望你对 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
源码所做的修改成为 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的一部分的话请将 diff 文件和变更日志一起发到邮件列表
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
|
||
target "lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org"
|
||
type "mailto:"
|
||
literal "false"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
,再描述一下你的补丁是干什么用的。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||
帮助编写文档
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的帮助文档比较多,而且 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的更新也比较快,每一个新的版本都有新的特性。你可能会发现有些文档已经老旧了。本节告诉你,如果你发现错误或改进意见的话应该怎么做。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||
报告文档错误
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
如果你发现文档中的错误发送 Email 到
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
|
||
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
|
||
type "mailto:"
|
||
literal "false"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
,文档小组会修正错误的。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||
加入文档小组
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
\SpecialChar LyX
|
||
文档项目任何时候都是需要帮手的,如果你想帮忙的话,你需要做以下几件事:
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
||
在
|
||
\begin_inset Flex URL
|
||
status collapsed
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||
|
||
https://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxgit/lib/doc?rev=master
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
得到 \SpecialChar LyX
|
||
的最新源码。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
||
阅读用户指南和简明教程
|
||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
通常这两个文档都是最新的,阅读它们你会了解到我们对手册的要求和看法。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
||
发 Email 到
|
||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||
LatexCommand href
|
||
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
|
||
type "mailto:"
|
||
literal "false"
|
||
|
||
\end_inset
|
||
|
||
和文档小组成员讨论你的想法。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||
无论你修改文档的想法是什么,只要它能够改善文档质量,我们都是乐于接受的。
|
||
\end_layout
|
||
|
||
\end_body
|
||
\end_document
|