mirror of
https://git.lyx.org/repos/lyx.git
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751 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
751 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 541
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\save_transient_properties true
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\origin /systemlyxdir/examples/es/
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\textclass article
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\begin_preamble
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% color greyed-out notes blue
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\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
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{\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
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\end_preamble
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\use_default_options false
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\begin_modules
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braille
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\end_modules
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\maintain_unincluded_children false
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\language spanish
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\language_package default
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\inputencoding utf8
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\fontencoding global
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\font_roman "default" "default"
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\font_sans "default" "default"
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\font_typewriter "default" "default"
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\font_math "auto" "auto"
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\font_default_family default
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\use_non_tex_fonts false
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\font_sc false
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\font_osf false
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\font_sf_scale 100 100
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\font_tt_scale 100 100
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\use_microtype false
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\use_dash_ligatures false
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\graphics default
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\default_output_format default
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\output_sync 0
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\bibtex_command default
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\index_command default
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\paperfontsize default
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\spacing single
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\use_hyperref true
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\pdf_title "Cómo escribir Braille con LyX"
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\pdf_author "Uwe Stöhr"
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\pdf_bookmarks false
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\pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
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\pdf_bookmarksopen false
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\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
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\pdf_breaklinks false
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\pdf_pdfborder false
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\pdf_colorlinks true
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\pdf_backref false
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\pdf_pdfusetitle false
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\papersize default
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\use_geometry true
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\use_package amsmath 1
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\use_package amssymb 1
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\use_package cancel 0
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\use_package esint 1
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\use_package mathdots 1
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\use_package mathtools 0
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\use_package mhchem 1
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\use_package stackrel 0
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\use_package stmaryrd 0
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\use_package undertilde 0
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\cite_engine basic
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\cite_engine_type default
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\biblio_style plain
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\use_bibtopic false
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\use_indices false
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\paperorientation portrait
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\suppress_date false
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\justification true
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\use_refstyle 0
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\index Índice
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\shortcut idx
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\color #008000
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\end_index
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\leftmargin 2.5cm
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\rightmargin 2.5cm
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\secnumdepth 3
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\tocdepth 3
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\paragraph_separation skip
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\defskip medskip
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\is_math_indent 0
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\quotes_style swiss
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\papercolumns 1
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\papersides 1
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\paperpagestyle default
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\tracking_changes false
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\output_changes false
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\html_math_output 0
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\html_css_as_file 0
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\html_be_strict false
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Cómo escribir Braille con \SpecialChar LyX
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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Uwe Stöhr
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Nota preliminar: ¡El Braille que se puede componer con \SpecialChar LaTeX
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no es completo!
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El Braille profesional puede ser de 6 u 8
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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puntos, mientras que \SpecialChar LaTeX
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sólo soporta Braille de 6
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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puntos sin caracteres acentuados.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Para escribir Braille con \SpecialChar LyX
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, hay que cargar antes el módulo
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\family sans
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Braille
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\family default
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en la sección
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\family sans
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Módulos
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\family default
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de la configuración del documento.
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Después, al final del cuadro desplegable de selección de entornos de \SpecialChar LyX
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se
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selecciona el entorno de párrafo
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\family sans
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Braille
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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(predeterminado)
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\family default
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o
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\family sans
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Braille
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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(tamaño de texto)
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\family default
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y se escribe el texto.
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Los demás entornos Braille, como se describe más abajo, sólo sirven para
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activar o desactivar algunas propiedades: ¡hay que dejarlos vacíos!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Aquí hay un ejemplo:
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset CommandInset line
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LatexCommand rule
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offset "0.5ex"
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width "100line%"
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height "1pt"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Con caracteres latinos:
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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Esta es una frase de ejemplo escrita en Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Con caracteres Braille:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (default)
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Esta es una frase de ejemplo escrita en Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\noindent
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\begin_inset CommandInset line
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LatexCommand rule
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offset "0.5ex"
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width "100line%"
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height "1pt"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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Como se puede ver, \SpecialChar LaTeX
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no es capaz de dividir con guiones las palabras escritas
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en Braille.
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Hay que hacerlo manualmente.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Note Greyedout
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\series bold
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Nota:
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\series default
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En Braille sólo se pueden imprimir letras latinas, números, puntuaciones,
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paréntesis y corchetes.
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Caracteres especiales como
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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@
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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o
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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$
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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, caracteres acentuados y saltos de línea no están soportados.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Note Greyedout
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\series bold
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Nota:
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\series default
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Los nombres propios de \SpecialChar LyX
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y \SpecialChar LaTeX
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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\SpecialChar LaTeX
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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\SpecialChar TeX
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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y
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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\SpecialChar LyX
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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deben insertarse en código \SpecialChar TeX
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, como en el siguiente ejemplo:
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\noindent
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\begin_inset CommandInset line
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LatexCommand rule
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offset "0.5ex"
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width "100line%"
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height "1pt"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Latinos: !
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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El carácter
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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¡
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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no está soportado (
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\emph on
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N.
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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del T.
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\emph default
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)
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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LyX
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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es genial!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Braille:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (default)
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!
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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LyX
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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es genial!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\noindent
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\begin_inset CommandInset line
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LatexCommand rule
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offset "0.5ex"
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width "100line%"
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height "1pt"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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Ahora echaremos un vistazo a los diferentes entornos Braille usando como
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ejemplo el texto
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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Esto es Braille.
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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\family sans
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Braille
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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predeterminado
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\family default
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:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (default)
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Esto es Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\family sans
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Braille
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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(tamaño de texto)
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\family default
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- Tamaño que coincide aproximadamente con el tamaño del texto del documento:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (textsize)
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Esto es Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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\family sans
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Braille
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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(puntos activos)
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\family default
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- En las posiciones vacías se pueden mostrar puntos diminutos:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (dots on)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (textsize)
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Esto es Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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El texto puede imprimirse reflejado para poder posteriormente
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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imprimir
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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Braille manualmente con una aguja u otro método adecuado:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Normal:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (default)
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Esto es Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\family sans
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Braille
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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(espejo activo)
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\family default
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:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (mirror on)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (default)
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Esto es Braille.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Braille (mirror off)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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Los caracteres en Braille se pueden crear de forma alternativa escribiendo
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un número en un recuadro Braille.
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Un marco Braille se inserta con el menú
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\family sans
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Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
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Recuadro personalizado
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\family default
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.
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Cada cifra presente en este marco da lugar al correspondiente punto Braille,
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por ejemplo el número
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\series bold
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6145
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\series default
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produce:
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Flex Braillebox
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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6145
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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El Braille de ordenador que utiliza 8
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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puntos puede ser activado con el comando
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\series bold
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\backslash
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brailleeightdotstrue
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\series default
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.
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Sin embargo, los dos puntos extras sólo están disponibles si se emplea
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un recuadro Braille.
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Por ejemplo el número
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\series bold
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8175
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\series default
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en un recuadro Braille genera:
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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brailleeightdotstrue
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Flex Braillebox
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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8175
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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brailleeightdotsfalse
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_inset
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El tamaño por omisión de la fuente Braille puede cambiarse con la longitud
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\series bold
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|
\backslash
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|
brailleunit
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\series default
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.
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Su valor predeterminado es 2.4
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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mm.
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Para obtener, p.
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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|
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e., Braille de doble tamaño con los puntos diminutos también de doble tamaño,
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se emplea el siguiente comando en código \SpecialChar TeX
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:
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|
\end_layout
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
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|
|
|
\series bold
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\backslash
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renewcommand{
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\backslash
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braillenormal}[1]
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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|
|
|
|
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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|
{
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\backslash
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setlength{
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\backslash
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brailleunit}{4.8mm}
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\backslash
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braille{#1}}
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\end_layout
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
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|
Braille en tamaño doble:
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
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|
renewcommand{
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\backslash
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|
braillenormal}[1]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleunit}{4mm}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braille{#1}}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
renewcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braillenormal}[1]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleunit}{2mm}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braille{#1}}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Más información sobre las dimensiones de las celdas Braille en
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
|
LatexCommand href
|
|
name "http://www.tiresias.org/research/reports/braille_cell.htm"
|
|
target "http://www.tiresias.org/research/reports/braille_cell.htm"
|
|
literal "false"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_body
|
|
\end_document
|