lyx_mirror/lib/doc/Development.lyx

#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
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\pdf_title "LyX's Development manual"
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\pdf_subject "LyX's development documentation"
\pdf_keywords "LyX, Documentation, Development"
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
Developing \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Subtitle
Version 2.4.x
\end_layout

\begin_layout Author
by the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
If you have comments on or error corrections to this documentation, please
 send them to the \SpecialChar LyX
 Documentation mailing list: 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset toc
LatexCommand tableofcontents

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This manual documents some aspects of \SpecialChar LyX
 development.
 It is currently rather incomplete, but will hopefully be extended in the
 future.
 Meanwhile, additional information can be found in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the \SpecialChar LyX
 source code distribution.
 This document is not translated, since the development language of \SpecialChar LyX
 is
 English.
 If you just want to use \SpecialChar LyX
, then you don't need to read this manual.
 However, if you want to learn more about how \SpecialChar LyX
 is developed, or even want
 to participate in \SpecialChar LyX
 development, you may find some interesting information
 here.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
File formats
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 uses several custom file formats for configuration files and documents.
 This chapter contains some background concerning these file formats.
 Several file formats are also described in detail in the regular user documenta
tion.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
File Format Numbers
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
When is an update of the .lyx file format number needed?
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:When-is-an"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are working on a new feature you may ask yourself whether it needs
 an update of the .lyx file format number.
 Whether an update is needed or not is not always obvious.
 Rule of thumb: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
Whenever there is the danger that a previous version of LyX cannot open
 a file using the new feature, a file format update is needed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The file format change allows lyx2lyx rules to implement backwards compatibility.
 Below you can find a list of reasons for file format updates with explanations:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

setting Whenever you introduce a new setting that is stored in the document
 header, a file format update is needed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Removed
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

setting If a certain setting becomes obsolete and gets removed, a file format
 update is needed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

valid
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

value
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

for
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

an
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

existing
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

setting, e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
\paragraph_spacing single
Automatically
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

loaded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package The reason for this is that there is no true ERT inset for math
 formulas: Each command is parsed, and if a user happens to define a local
 command with the same name as a command that triggers an automatic load
 of a package, they need to be able to switch off the automatic loading
 of that package.
 This switch is stored by the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
use_package
\end_layout

\end_inset

 header setting.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

language that is stored in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
language
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This requirement is under discussion.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

inset Of course a new inset requires a file format update.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

style If a new style or inset layout is added to any layout file or module
 shipped with \SpecialChar LyX
, then a new file format is needed in the master (development)
 branch.
 It is possible to backport new styles to the stable version without a file
 format change.
 See 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Backporting-new-styles"

\end_inset

 for more information.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Removed
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

style If a style or inset layout is removed in any layout file or module
 shipped with \SpecialChar LyX
, a new file format is required.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
However, 
\series bold
new
\series default
 layouts and modules do 
\series bold
not
\series default
 require a file format update (changed 03/16, see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:New-layouts"

\end_inset

).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you are still unsure, please ask on the development list.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:update_lyx_files"

\end_inset

How to update the file format number of .lyx files
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Once you come to the conclusion that a file format update is needed, you
 should use the following procedure to perform the update:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Implement and test the new feature, including the reading and writing of
 .lyx files.
 Note that any file produced at this stage does not use a valid format,
 so do not use this version of \SpecialChar LyX
 for working on any important documents.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "enu:Describe_format"

\end_inset

Describe the new format in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/FORMAT
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Update the \SpecialChar LyX
 file format number in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/version.h
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "enu:Add-an-entry"

\end_inset

Add an entry to both format lists (for conversion and reversion) in
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/lyx2lyx/lyx_2_4.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Add a conversion routine if needed (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g., a new header setting always needs a conversion that adds the new setting,
 but a new document language does not need one).
 Add a reversion routine if needed.
 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

While the conversion routine is required to produce a document that is equivalen
t to the old version, the requirements of the reversion are not that strict.
 If possible, try to produce a proper reversion, using ERT if needed, but
 for some features this might be too complicated.
 In this case, the minimum requirement of the reversion routine is that
 it produces a valid document which can be read by an older \SpecialChar LyX
.
 If absolutely needed, even data loss is allowed for the reversion.
 (In that case, you might want to add a LyX comment that indicates what
 you have had to do, so the user is at least warned).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Since tex2lyx has several implicit file format dependencies caused by sharing
 code with \SpecialChar LyX
, updating the file format of .lyx files produced by tex2lyx at
 the same time as updating the main .lyx file format is strongly recommended.
 Therefore, a compiler warning will be issued if the \SpecialChar LyX
 and tex2lyx .lyx file
 format numbers differ.
 In many cases the tex2lyx update requires only the first and last item
 of the list below:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Update the tex2lyx file format number in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/version.h
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
If the lyx2lyx conversion from the old to the new format is empty, or if
 tex2lyx does not yet output the changed feature, you do not need any further
 tex2lyx changes.
 Otherwise, search for the changed feature in tex2lyx, and adjust the output
 according to the lyx2lyx changes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Update the tex2lyx test references as described in 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand formatted
reference "sec:Updating-test-references"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
If you did not implement full tex2lyx support for the new feature, add a
 line to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/TODO.txt
\end_layout

\end_inset

 describing the missing bits.
 Note that it is perfectly fine if you do not add full tex2lyx support for
 a new feature: The updating recommendation above is only issued for the
 syntax of the produced .lyx file.
 It is no problem if some features supported by \SpecialChar LyX
 are still output as ERT
 by tex2lyx.
 The problems in the past that resulted in the update recommendation were
 related to mixed version syntax, not ERT.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
It would be nice if you could create a .lyx test file which contains instances
 of all changed or added features.
 This could then be used to test lyx2lyx and tex2lyx.
 Test samples are collected under the corresponding subdirectories of 
\family typewriter
/autotests
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "enu:updatefiles"

\end_inset

Test your lyx2lyx code by updating LyX's .lyx documentation files to the
 new format.
 The developer who makes the change knows best what changes to expect when
 inspecting the resulting diff.
 Because of this, you might be able to catch a bug in the lyx2lyx code that
 updates the format just by taking a quick scan through the large diff that
 is the result.
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Another advantage is that if later we suspect a bug in lyx2lyx we can easily
 see which layout update made an unexpected change by looking at the git
 log of a .lyx file that suffers the problem.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 To do this, first make sure that there are no changes to the git repository
 that you will not want to commit (this is needed because it will be convenient
 to commit with the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
git commit -a
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
 Then run the following command in the root folder of the source: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
python development/tools/updatedocs.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Look at the resulting changes using the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
git diff
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 If anything looks surprising, please investigate.
 Keep in mind that the case of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LFUNs.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is special, because it is first generated with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
gen_lfuns.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

 before being converted to the latest format.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:
\series default
 Only commit file format changes in the doc files if these files are using
 the new feature of the new file format.
 The reason is rule
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:The-fileformat-of"

\end_inset

 of the documentation policies described in sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Documentation-policies"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Finally, commit using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
git commit -a
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Updating the file format number of layout files
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The procedure for updating the layout files is similar to that in step 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:updatefiles"

\end_inset

 in section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:update_lyx_files"

\end_inset

.
 One need only run 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
python development/tools/updatelayouts.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

 instead of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
updatedocs.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note that we do not automatically update any local layout used in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files shipped with \SpecialChar LyX
 because users would then not be able to export to older
 formats.
 For example, if a 2.2.0 user exported a template to 2.1.x format and tried
 to open the file in \SpecialChar LyX
 2.1.x, there would be an error because the file would
 contain a local layout whose format is too new.
 The root reason for this is that we do not support converting layouts to
 older layout formats, as we do for the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file format.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Updating the file format number of bind/ui files
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A change to the functionality of existing LFUNs can require a conversion
 of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.bind
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.ui
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files, and therefore an increment of the LFUN format, as well as a conversion
 of Info insets in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files for manuals.
 The latter cannot be done automatically and also requires an update of
 the \SpecialChar LyX
 file format.
 (Think e.g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

of someone who might have made a set of \SpecialChar LyX
 teaching manuals for use in their
 own group.)
\begin_inset Foot
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9794
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To update the LFUN format:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Increment the LFUN file format number in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/LyXAction.h
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Implement the LFUN conversion in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/scripts/prefs2prefs_lfuns.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
See step 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:updatefiles"

\end_inset

 in section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:update_lyx_files"

\end_inset

 but instead of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
updatedocs.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command, use this command: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bash development/tools/updatelfuns.sh
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\begin_inset Note Note
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This file should really be converted to python.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Update Info insets in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files.
 To do so, increment the \SpecialChar LyX
 format and proceed as in 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:update_lyx_files"

\end_inset

, steps 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:Describe_format"

\end_inset

–
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:updatefiles"

\end_inset

.
 In the lyx2lyx implementation (step 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:Add-an-entry"

\end_inset

), implement a conversion similar to the one in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
prefs2prefs_lfuns.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

 above, as well as a corresponding reversion; for this one can use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
convert_info_insets
\end_layout

\end_inset

 from 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/lyx2lyx/lyx2lyx_tools.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Backporting new styles to the stable version
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Backporting-new-styles"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Starting with the stable \SpecialChar LyX
 2.1 branch, there is a mechanism in place to backport
 new styles to the stable version without the need to update the file format.
 The basic idea is that the new style definition is automatically copied
 to the document preamble so that it can even be used by older minor versions
 that did not yet include the style.
 To backport a new style to the stable version, the following steps are
 needed:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Add the line 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ForceLocal -1
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to the style definition in the development version.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Copy the style definition to the stable version, but use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ForceLocal 1
\end_layout

\end_inset

 instead.
 If needed adjust the format to the one used by the stable version (see
 the customization manual for details of the layout file format).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
For each update of the style in a later stable version, increase the argument
 of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ForceLocal
\end_layout

\end_inset

 by one.
 (In the stable version, the development version should not be touched.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For details about the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ForceLocal
\end_layout

\end_inset

 flag see the customization manual.
 No 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyx2lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 support is needed for backported styles: Since the style of the development
 version has an infinite version number, it will always be used.
 Furthermore, since its version number is less than one, the style will
 not be written anymore to the document header for files saved by the new
 version.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
New layouts and modules
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:New-layouts"

\end_inset

New layouts
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Adding a new layout file to the \SpecialChar LyX
 library makes it an 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

officially supported
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 layout.
 You should therefore think carefully about whether you really want to do
 this and discuss it on lyx-devel, since you will need to be prepared to
 update and fix the layout if necessary.
 If the layout is experimental or for a rarely used document class, then
 it may be better to add it to the relevant portion of the \SpecialChar LyX
 wiki, as a user
 contribution.
 See 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Layouts/Layouts"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In older versions of this document, it was stated that new layout files
 require a file format change.
 After some discussion, it was decided that this is not needed.
\begin_inset Foot
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
See 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "the thread “Proposal for a guide on updating layouts”"
target "http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.editors.lyx.devel/161202"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
For reference, here are the arguments on each side
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
Pro 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

New layout files are a file format change
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
All documents produced by 2.2.
\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset

 can always be edited and exported even if 
\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset

 is different.
 This is important for people using different machines, or exchanging work
 with colleagues.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Con 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

New layout files are not a file format change
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
No new LaTeX classes can be supported in a stable version, and stable versions
 have a typical lifetime of 2–3 years.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
We have the same situation already with custom layout files: If a document
 using a custom layout file is moved between machines or people, then the
 layout file needs to be exchanged as well.
 If that is not done, then we have a fallback implemented so that such documents
 can still be edited, but not exported, and the user gets a warning.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The lyx2lyx script cannot do anything useful in such a case.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
If you have decided that you are going to add a new layout file to \SpecialChar LyX
 itself,
 then, you should do the following:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Put your new layout file in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/layouts/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and add it to Git (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
git add lib/layouts/newlayout.layout
\end_layout

\end_inset

) so that it will be committed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Add an entry in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/Makefile.am
\end_layout

\end_inset

, so that the new layout actually gets installed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Add an entry in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/doc/LaTeXConfig.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 containing in particular a line like 
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Quote
Found: [InsetInfo] 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where [InsetInfo] is obtained by entering in the minibuffer (Alt+X) 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
info-insert textclass <name>
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 This inset will automatically display a boxed 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

yes
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

no
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 depending on the availability of the package.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
A template or example is strongly encouraged (but not necessarily required).
 It is also possible to provide both.
 Add them to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/templates/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/examples/
\end_layout

\end_inset

, respectively.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Ensure the autotests for the new layout pass (see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:when-to-run-an-export-test"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
New modules
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Adding a new module is very similar to adding a new layout.
 Therefore, the previous section applies to new modules as well, with two
 exceptions: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
You only need to add an entry to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lib/doc/LaTeXConfig.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 if the module requires a LaTeX package.
 In that case, the command for entering the InsetInfo is: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
info-insert package <name>
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Modules do not need a template, only an example, which is strongly encouraged
 but not necessarily required.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Layouts for document classes with incompatible versions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Description
Note: This section is currently only a proposal under discussion.
 Please correct/amend as suited.
 Remove this note once a consensus is found.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
See the thread 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Proposal for a guide on updating layouts
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 for details and background
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.editors.lyx.devel/161126 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Every now and then, there are changes to LaTeX document classes that break
 backwards compatibility.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Uwe has suggested we implement automatic detection of changes in class files.
 This could be done by running a script every month that checks if a document
 class was changed at CTAN and at the homepages of the scientific journals.
 If it reports a change, we can check if our template and layout file are
 still usable with the changed document class.
 (This is different from the autotests insofar, as this would also catch
 changes that do not result in compilation errors.)
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Reasons can be a new name for the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
*.cls
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file, removed \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands, or both.
 How should this best be handled in \SpecialChar LyX
? 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The idea is to support the new version with a new \SpecialChar LyX
 layout so that:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Existing documents can still be opened in \SpecialChar LyX
 and will continue to work on
 systems where the old version is still installed.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
With differently named 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
*.cls
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files, \SpecialChar LyX
 can check for the availability of the particular version and reflect
 this in the GUI.
 Different document class versions with the same file name are currently
 (2.2.x) not detected by the configuration script.
 This is planned for 2.3.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
https://www.mail-archive.com/lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org/msg192467.html
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
However, what we really need is version detection for the configuration,
 so that the user can be warned if the required class file has the wrong
 version.
 (If the class file keeps the name over the version change, only one of
 the two layout files generates compilable documents.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This point was also made here: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.editors.lyx.devel/143
798 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The new layout can be added both to the master and the stable branches,
 in accord with the policy discussed in 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand formatted
reference "subsec:New-layouts"

\end_inset

.
 No lyx2lyx conversion is then required when a new major version is released.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The user can move an existing document to the new version simply by selecting
 a new document class.
 This step is well supported by \SpecialChar LyX
, with established methods for handling
 unsupported styles and other changes.
 This way, no lyx2lyx code is required.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The steps to support a new version of an existing document class are thus:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Create a new layout file including the upstream version in the name (avoid
 special characters like spaces and dots), e.g.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
acmsiggraph-v0-92.layout
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Include the name of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
*.cls
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file as an optional argument in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass
\end_layout

\end_inset

 line and include the version number in the GUI name:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass[acmsiggraph]{ACM SIGGGRAPH (v.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

0.92)}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Update the GUI name in the old layout file (whose name should not be changed),
 e.g.:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass{ACM SIGGRAPH (<= v.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

0.91, obsolete)}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
To avoid duplicate definitions, the new layout can 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Input
\end_layout

\end_inset

 the old layout file and add\SpecialChar breakableslash
remove\SpecialChar breakableslash
obsolete\SpecialChar breakableslash
modify settings and styles (similar
 to the inclusion of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
*.inc
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files).
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
It may be tempting to let the new layout be the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

master version
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and have the old layout import it.
 However, this should not be done because any changes to the new layout
 would need undo steps in the importing old layout.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
If the new LaTeX document class obsoletes the old one, update the example
 and template files to use the new layout.
 Add a note about the changes (preferably with a pointer to the documentation
 of the changes).
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
This way, new documents based on the template or example will use the up-to-date
 document class version.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Automated tests are an important tool to detect bugs and regressions in
 software development.
 Some projects like gcc even require each bug fix to be accompanied by a
 test case for the automatic test suite, that would detect this bug.
 Testing interactive features automatically is of course very hard, but
 core functionality like document import and export can be tested quite
 easily, and some tests of this kind exist.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
unit tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are attempts to set up a suite of unit tests for LyX.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
TODO: describe what is done and what is still to do.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
tex2lyx tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The tex2lyx tests are located in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the \SpecialChar LyX
 source code distribution.
 The actual testing is performed by the simple python script 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test/runtests.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Each test consists of two files: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
<test name>.tex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 contains the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code that should be tested.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
<test name>.lyx.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 contains the expected output of tex2lyx.
 When a test is run, the actual produced output is compared with the stored
 reference output.
 The test passes if both are identical.
 The test machinery is also able to generate a file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
<test name>.lyx.tex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 by exporting the produced .lyx file with \SpecialChar LyX
 again.
 This may be useful for roundtrip comparisons.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Running the tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The tex2lyx tests can be run in several ways.
 When in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the build directory, the commands 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (cmake, all platforms), 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
make test
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (cmake, when using a make based build system and not MSVC) or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
make alltests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (autotools) will run the tex2lyx tests.
 Alternatively, in the root of the build directory, the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -R tex2lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 runs all tests whose names match the regex 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

tex2lyx
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Another way to run the tex2lyx tests in the root build directory is to
 instead use the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L '(cmplyx|roundtrip)'
\end_layout

\end_inset

, which runs all tests categorized with the label 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

roundtrip
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

cmplyx
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 If a test fails, the differences between the expected and actual results
 are output in unified diff format.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Updating test references
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Updating-test-references"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In some cases a changed tex2lyx output is not a test failure, but wanted,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

if a tex2lyx bug was fixed, or a new feature was added.
 In these cases the stored references need to be updated.
 To do so if using autotools, call 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
make updatetests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subdirectory of the build directory.
 If instead using CMake, call 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
make updatetex2lyxtests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the build directory or in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subdirectory of the build directory.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Note that this is a case where a make target in the build directory can
 affect the source directory, which might not be advisable.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 On Windows do the following:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Assure that the path to the python.exe is in your system PATH variable.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Double-click on the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
updatetex2lyxtests.vcxproj
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the build directory or in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subdirectory of your build directory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
In the appearing MSVC program assure that you build the 
\emph on
Release
\emph default
 version, then right-click on the project 
\family sans
updatetex2lyxtests
\family default
 in the project explorer and choose then 
\family sans
Project
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Only\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rebuild
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

only
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For convenience, these commands also produce re-exported roundtrip .lyx.tex
 files.
 Please examine the changed output carefully before committing the changed
 files to the repository: Since the test machinery does not do a roundtrip
 test .tex 
\begin_inset Formula $\Rightarrow$
\end_inset

 .lyx 
\begin_inset Formula $\Rightarrow$
\end_inset

 .tex, and does not compare the produced dvi or pdf output, it assumes that
 the stored .lyx reference produces correct output if processed by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 There is only one chance to detect wrong output: before committing a new
 reference.
 Once it is committed, it is quite difficult to verify whether it is correct.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Please 
\emph on
do not
\emph default
 update the test references by opening them with \SpecialChar LyX
 or directly running lyx2lyx
 on them.
 This would not work, since lyx2lyx and \SpecialChar LyX
 produce slightly different files
 regarding insignificant whitespace and line breaks.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Adding a new test
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In many cases tests for new features may be added to one of the existing
 test files, but sometimes this is not possible or not wanted.
 Then a new test file needs to be added:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Create the new file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test/<test name>.tex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and run tex2lyx in roundtrip mode to produce the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test/<test name>.lyx.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 This file will be the new reference.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Once you confirmed that the tex2lyx output is correct, add the new files
 to the corresponding lists in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test/runtests.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/Makefile.am
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/tex2lyx/test/CMakeLists.txt
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Commit the changes to the repository, or send a patch to the development
 list and ask for committing if you do not have commit rights.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
ctest automatic tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Some tests are located in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the \SpecialChar LyX
 source code distribution.
 
\begin_inset Foot
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The README document in this folder only describes the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

keytests
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 subset of autotests!
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These tests can be run by the commands 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the
\emph on
 build directory
\emph default
 (all platforms) or (when using a make based build system and not MSVC)
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
make test
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
autotests/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the
\emph on
 build directory
\emph default
.
 The test logs are written to the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Testing/Temporary/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the
\emph on
 
\emph default
build directory.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Export tests 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The export tests are integration tests.
 They take longer to run and are more likely to break than the tex2lyx tests.
 Nevertheless, they have caught many regressions and without a better alternativ
e it is important to keep them up-to-date and understand how they work.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The export tests 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

reuse
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 documentation, template, and example documents.
 In addition, there are a number of dedicated sample documents in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
autotests/export/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the \SpecialChar LyX
 source code distribution.
 All samples are (after copying and eventual processing by scripts) exported
 to various output formats via the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
—export-to
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command line option.
 The tests checks for errors reported by LyX.
 (However, error-free export is no guarantee for an error-free output document.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:when-to-run-an-export-test"

\end_inset

Expectations of LyX developers
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Because the export tests are integration tests and take a long time to run,
 LyX developers are rarely expected to run all of the tests.
 Here are some good practices to follow by developers:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
When making a non-trivial change to a .layout file, run the export and layout
 tests corresponding with that .layout file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
When making non-trivial changes to a .lyx file, run the export tests correspondin
g to that .lyx file.
 
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This rule is due to revision.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
There is an objection from the documentation maintainer that working on
 the documentation must not be complicated by having to consider non-standard
 exports.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
successful compiling/testing an edited documentation file with pdflatex
 suffices to ensure it can be commited, not tests with other exports are
 required.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
If sudden failures with other exports due to “half-tested” documentation
 updates are a problem for the test maintainer, the test suite should use
 copies that are 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
copied to a cache dir (autotests/samples/doc/, say) but not changed,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
updated regularely (but on a time chosen by the test suite maintainer) from
 the originals in lib/doc/
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This way, 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
no test will fail due to ongoing work on documentation,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
the documentation is still tested in full (with some delay),
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
failures with non-default export can be examined and handled accordingly
 in one run with the cache update,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
“interesting failures” (like the nested-language+polyglossia problem in
 es/Customization can be separated and moved into dedicated test samples.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
When making non-trivial changes to LyX's \SpecialChar LaTeX
 export code (e.g.
 touching the encoding code or package handling code that you expect will
 change the exported \SpecialChar LaTeX
 in some way):
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing single
Consider running all of the export tests before and after your change.
 If there are differences, please reconcile these (i.e.
 fix the bug or fix the tests) 
\emph on
before
\emph default
 committing.
 Ask for help if you're not sure what to.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you do not want to run the tests,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
post the patch on the list and others will run the tests and eventually
 ask for fixes, or
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
commit, but be prepared to fix eventually arising problems or to revert
 the commit if there is no easy fix.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Understand how to interpret test failures.
 If your commit is found to have broken a test, you should be able to interpret
 the test results when made aware of them.
 See Section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Interpreting-export-tests"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:export-test-output-formats"

\end_inset

Output formats
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following output formats are currently tested for each sample document
 (see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:Export-test-filtering"

\end_inset

 for exceptions):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
LyX:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
lyx16 LyX 1.6 file format (lyx2lyx)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
lyx21 LyX 2.1 file format (lyx2lyx)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
xhtml LyXHTML (native LyX HTML export)
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

LaTeX:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
dvi DVI (8-bit latex)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
dvi3_texF DVI (LuaTeX with 8-bit TeX fonts)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
dvi3_systemF DVI (LuaTeX with Unicode fonts)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf2 PDF (pdflatex)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf4_texF PDF (XeTeX with 8-bit TeX fonts)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf4_systemF PDF (XeTeX with Unicode fonts)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf5_texF PDF (LuaTeX with 8-bit TeX fonts)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf5_systemF PDF (LuaTeX with Unicode fonts)
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

LaTeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

postprocessing:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf DVI -> PS (dvips) -> PDF (ps2pdf)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdf3 DVI -> PDF (dvipdfm)
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
not
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

tested: (or only if set as default output format in the document source)
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
latex LaTeX (plain)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
luatex LaTeX (LuaTeX)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
dviluatex LaTeX (dviluatex)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
pdflatex LaTeX (pdflatex)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
platex LaTeX (pLaTeX)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
xetex LaTeX (XeTeX) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
eps3 EPS (encapsulated Postscript) (cropped)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
ps DVI -> Postscript (dvips)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
odf
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
text (nor text2, ..., text4)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
textparagraph
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
word
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
word2
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring pdf5msystemFM
wordhtml
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:Configuring-ctests"

\end_inset

Configuring the tests 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To enable the export autotests, add the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-DLYX_ENABLE_EXPORT_TESTS=ON
\end_layout

\end_inset

 flag.
 For example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cmake -DLYX_ENABLE_EXPORT_TESTS=ON /path/to/source
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
This flag will increase the time for the cmake command by several seconds,
 mainly because of the process of inverting tests (see Section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Interpreting-export-tests"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:ctest-options"

\end_inset

Running the tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To run all tests, in the build directory simply run the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 A full, up-to-date TeXLive installation is recommended to run the tests.
 Otherwise, some tests will fail.
 Tests with additional requirements are labeled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

unreliable:nonstandard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To run only some of the tests, use command line options (see examples below):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-R <pattern>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Run only the tests whose names match the given regular expression.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-L <pattern>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Run only the tests whose labels match the given regular expression.
 A test may have more that one label.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-E <pattern>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Exclude the tests whose names match the given regular expression.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LE <pattern>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Exclude the tests whose labels match the given regular expression.
 Cannot be combined with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-L
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following options help to find good selection patterns:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-N
\end_layout

\end_inset

 List the tests that would be run but not actually run them.
 
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Useful in conjunction with the -R, -L, -E and -LE options, e.g., if you want
 to know how many tests there are or whether your 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
<pattern>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 regular expression did what you expected.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
print-labels
\end_layout

\end_inset

 print the list of all labels associated with the test set.
 Can also be combined with -R, -L, -E, ...
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Other useful options are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-j <jobs>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Run the tests in parallel using the given number of jobs.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
We are still working on getting the tests to run in parallel.
 However, when running the tests in parallel, sometimes tests fail that
 pass when run sequentially.
 A reasonable approach is to first run the tests in parallel and then run
 the failed tests sequentially.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For example, to run 8 jobs at a time:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -j8
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest \SpecialChar nobreakdash
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
rerun-failed
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When specifying a subset of the tests (e.g.
 using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
R <pattern>
\end_layout

\end_inset

), the same subset must be specified when using the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
rerun-failed
\end_layout

\end_inset

 option because it is the test numbers that are used to index which tests
 failed on the previous run.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
Note that some tests cannot be run in parallel.
 These tests are marked in the code with the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
RUN_SERIAL ON
\end_layout

\end_inset

 CMake property.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring -R
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
\SpecialChar nobreakdash
timeout <seconds>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Set a global timeout on all tests that do not already have a timeout set
 on them.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
There have been bugs in LyX and in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 which cause compilation to hang, and
 without a timeout a test might never stop (in one case there was even a
 memory leak).
 If a test times out, the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command exits with error, but you can distinguish between a timed out test
 and a failed test in the output reported at the end of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
See the manual (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

) the full list of command line options.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Examples
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
run only the export tests: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L export
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
run inverted tests: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L "inverted|suspended"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
list all export tests which match any of the labelling patterns: 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -N -R "
\backslash
..*_export/" 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
exclude rarely used output formats and post-processing tests 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L export -E "_(texF|dvi3|pdf3?)"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Interpreting-export-tests"

\end_inset

Interpreting the export test results
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A test can fail for several reasons, not all of them bad.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
A new or edited sample document may be incompatible with some output formats.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
A dependency is not met (e.g.
 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class file).
 One hint that this is the case is that the corresponding 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
check_load
\end_layout

\end_inset

 test will likely also fail.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
An inverted test fails to fail (i.e.
 export that previously failed now works).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
An external dependency was updated (e.g.
 \SpecialChar TeX
 Live).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
A recent code change introduced a bug.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "enu:exposed"

\end_inset

A change in a document exposed a previously unknown bug or an incompatibility
 with an export format (e.g.
 Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Because the .lyx files are exported in several formats, it is not surprising
 that many of the exports fail.
 This expectation of failure is addressed by 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

inverting
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 the tests, that is, by marking the test as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

passing
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 if the export exits with error and as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

failing
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 if the export succeeds
\emph on
.

\emph default
 It follows that these expected failures will not show up as failed tests
 in the test results and thus will not pollute the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

good
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 tests.
 If the export actually succeeds, then the test will fail.
 The purpose of this failure is to get your attention—something has changed,
 possibly for the better.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We try to document why a test is inverted or ignored.
 See the comment (prefixed with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
#
\end_layout

\end_inset

) above the block in which the test is listed as inverted or ignored in
 the files 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/invertedTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/unreliableTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/ignoredTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A good question is why do we enable the tests for non-default formats? The
 answer is that if a non-default route is broken it is often because a bug
 was introduced in LyX and not because a document-specific change was made
 that is not supported by the route.
 In other words, there is a high signal/noise ratio in the export tests
 for some non-default formats.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When a test or several tests fail, consider checking the files in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Testing/Temporary/
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subdirectory of your build directory.
 In this subdirectory are three files: the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LastTestsFailed.log
\end_layout

\end_inset

 simply lists the tests that failed on your last 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command; the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LastTest.log
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file contains the output from the tests (and often has details explaining
 why a test failed); and the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CTestCostData.txt
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file lists the times that it took to run the tests.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
What action should you take if a test fails?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing single
It is always good to check manually why something fails and if it passes
 if the PDF output is good.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Generally, if a change breaks compilation for the target format (for the
 manuals pdf2) without solving some important other issue, 
\emph on
fix or revert the commit
\emph default
 that led to failure.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If it is not possible to (immediately) fix the failure but there are reasons
 not to revert the commit (e.g.
 it fixes another more important issue), 
\emph on
invert
\emph default
 the failing test case (see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:Inverted-tests"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If an 
\emph on
inverted
\emph default
 test case fails because the export now works, first confirm that the output
 of the corresponding export looks good (e.g., not garbled text).
 Then, 
\emph on
uninvert
\emph default
 the test by removing the pattern from the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

invertedTests
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 file (see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:Inverted-tests"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If the export did not fail previously but led to wrong output (PDF, say),
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Non-failing test with wrong output should be labeled as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

unreliable:wrong_output
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 (
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:Unreliable-tests"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\end_inset

 it is in fact an improvement when the test now fails.
 
\emph on
Invert
\emph default
 the failing test case (see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:Inverted-tests"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
In case of tests failing due to missing requirements (tests labeled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

unreliable:nonstandard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or testing on a system with only a subset of TeXLive installed), ignore
 the failure, ask for someone else to run the test, or install the missing
 resources and try again.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Check the log file Testing/Temporary/LastTest.log.
 In case of latex-errors rerun the failing test with environment variable
 'LYX_DEBUG_LATEX' set to '1'.
 This will include latex messages in LastTest.log, so it should be easier
 to interpret the fail-reason.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:Inverted-tests"

\end_inset

Inverted tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Test cases whose name matches a pattern in the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/invertedTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 get the label 
\emph on
inverted
\emph default
.
 They get also the test property 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
WILL_FAIL
\end_layout

\end_inset

, i.e.
 they are reported as failing if the export works without error 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/command/set_tests_properties.html
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add failing cases to this file, if they cannot be solved 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

immediately
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 but it is expected that the export will work in a foreseeable future, e.g.
 low priority issues like failures to export to a non-target format (for
 the manuals everything except pdf2).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following sublabels are currently present in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
invertedTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
todo test failures that require attention:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
minor issues to explore and properly sort later, 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
easyfix issues,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
LyX bugs to report at trac (move pattern to section "lyxbugs" once done).
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
lyxbugs LyX bugs with a Trac number.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
ert Export failures due to "raw" LaTeX use in ERT or preamble code.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
"Wontfix" if demonstrating correct use and OK in the default output format.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
texissues Export fails due to LaTeX limitations like non-ASCII characters
 in verbatim or listings, incompatible packages, ...
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
"Wontfix" if documents demonstrate correct use in the default output format:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If the source can be made more robust without becoming "hackish", fix the
 source,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
if LyX could be enhanced to care for a permanent TeX limitation, file a
 ticket at trac and add a pattern under lyxbugs,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
otherwise, add a pattern here.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
attic Documents in the attic (kept for reference and format conversion test).
 Usually 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Wontfix
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Suspended tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Test cases whose name additionally matches a pattern in the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/suspendedTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 get the label 
\emph on
suspended 
\emph default
(instead of 
\emph on
export 
\emph default
and
\emph on
 inverted
\emph default
).
 This means they are not executed using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L export
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L inverted
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 However, they also get the test property 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
WILL_FAIL
\end_layout

\end_inset

, i.e.
 they are reported as failing if the export works without error.
 From time to time they still have to be checked using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L suspended
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These tests are suspended, because the export fails for known reasons which
 cannot ATM be resolved.
 But it is expected the reason might disappear in the future.
 Be it new TL or better handling in \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For ctest commands without the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-L
\end_layout

\end_inset

 parameter nothing changes.
 Suspended or not, tests will be executed depending only on the selecting
 regular expression given to the ctest command (see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:ctest-options"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:Unreliable-tests"

\end_inset

Unreliable tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Test cases whose name matches a pattern in the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/unreliableTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 get the label 
\emph on
unreliable
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These tests are not executed using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L export
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ctest -L inverted
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
They pass or fail for various reasons not related to LyX (nonstandard, erratic)
 or pass but should rather fail (wrong output).
 
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
*invalid* tests (wrong output) are not *unreliable*.
 # Use "unfit" or "unapplicable" as better label and name of pattern file?
 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following sublabels are currently present in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
unreliableTests
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
nonstandard Documents with additional requirements, e.g.
 a class or package file not in TeXLive.
 
\begin_inset Note Note
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
TODO: rename to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

extra
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

exotic
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

?
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
erratic Tests depending on local configuration or the phase of the moon.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
varying_versions Tests depending on e.g.
 OS or version of a non-TeX-Live dependency.
 Note that a full, up-to-date TeX Live installation is required so this
 sublabel is about versions of other dependencies.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
wrong
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

output Export does not fail but the resulting document has (undetected)
 errors.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing single
\begin_inset Note Note
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\paragraph_spacing single
These tests are in a strict sense not unreliable but 
\emph on
invalid
\emph default
 (not measuring what they should measure).
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "par:Export-test-filtering"

\end_inset

Export test filtering
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The assignment of a label to a test is controlled by a set of files with
 regular expressions that are matched against the test names.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
ignoredTests (small file)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Tests selected here are withdrawn in the configuration step (cf.
 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "par:Configuring-ctests"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Input Test of any export combination
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Output Stop if tests not selected here
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
unreliableTests: Tests selected pass or fail dependent on the system where
 the test is run.
 Selected tests gain the label 'unreliable'.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Input Each test which passed 'ignoredTests'
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Output Gain label 'unreliable', proceed with checking for 'inverted'.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
invertedTests 
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Input Each test which passed 'ignoredTests'
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Output Stop if not selected, gain test-property 'WILL_FAIL' (i.e.
 tests are reported as failing if the export works without error.) If no
 subselection applies, gain labels 'export' and 'inverted'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following filter perfoms a subselection of 'invertedTests':
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
suspendedTests Tests selected here gain the label 'suspended' but _not_
 'export' or 'inverted', although in ctest they remain inverted.
 ('ctest' knows only 'inverted' or not, labels are used only for test selection)
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Input Each test selected by 'invertedTests' 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Output Selected test gains label 'suspended'.
 
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
The following table may clarify label assignement
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length -3cm
\end_inset


\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="8">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="2cm">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="2.5cm">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="2cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="2.5cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
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Test matching pattern in file:
\end_layout

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\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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\end_layout

\end_inset
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\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

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test property
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\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
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<row>
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\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Yes
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
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<row>
<cell multirow="3" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
No
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell multirow="3" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
If Yes,
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

add label
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

'unreliable'
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell multirow="3" alignment="left" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Yes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Yes
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
WILL_FAIL
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
No
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
WILL_FAIL
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
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<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
No
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Note
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Without the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

suspendedTests
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 filter, this would be far less complicated:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="7">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Test matching pattern in file:
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

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\end_inset
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<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Label
\end_layout

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<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

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<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
test property
\end_layout

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ignoredTests
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export
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unreliable
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<row>
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\begin_inset Text

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Yes
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<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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-
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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No
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Yes
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

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<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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\end_layout

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<cell multirow="3" alignment="left" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
No
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\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Yes
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

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-
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
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\begin_inset Text

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WILL_FAIL
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
No
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
check_load tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These tests check whether a .lyx file loads without any terminal messages.
 They correspond to the manual operations of simply opening a .lyx file on
 the terminal, exiting LyX once the file is loaded, and then checking whether
 there is any output from the terminal.
 These tests are useful for catching malformed .lyx files and parsing bugs.
 They can also be used to find a .lyx file in which an instance of something
 happens.
 To do this, compile LyX with a local patch that outputs something to the
 terminal when an instance is found, and then run the check_load tests to
 see if any fail, which would mean that the situation occurs in the LyX
 documentation files corresponding to the failed tests.
 These tests are expectedly fragile: any LyX diagnostic message, which is
 not necessarily an error, would cause the tests to fail.
 Similarly, any message output by a library (e.g.
 Qt) would also cause failure.
 There are some messages that the check_load tests are instructed to ignore,
 which are stored in the file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests/filterCheckWarnings
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Under cmake, the tests are labeled as 'load'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Keytests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Automated tests based on the "MonKey Testing" keytest program are enabled
 if the necessary dependencies are found and if the CMake flag 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-DLYX_ENABLE_KEYTESTS=ON
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is used.
 They are documented in the README document in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/autotests
\end_layout

\end_inset

 subfolder of the \SpecialChar LyX
 source code distribution.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
lyx21 tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These tests combine lyx2lyx tests with check_load tests.
 They fail if either fails.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
URL tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The URL tests are enabled with the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-DLYX_ENABLE_URLTESTS=ON
\end_layout

\end_inset

 CMake flag and are useful for finding broken links in our documentation
 files.
 If a URL test fails, to see which link in particular was reported as broken,
 see the output in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LastTest.log
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 These tests are extremely fragile (e.g.
 a test can depend on your Internet connection) and a failed URL test should
 not be taken too seriously.
 URL tests are labeled as 
\family typewriter
'url'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Running URL tests
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
cmake is required to run the \SpecialChar LyX
 tests, running them is not implemented for
 autotools.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The appropriate commands are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter
ctest -L url
\family default

\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

runs all tests with label 
\family typewriter
'url'
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter
ctest -R 'check_.*urls'
\family default

\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

runs the tests 'check_accessible_urls'
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Associated test results can be examined in ctest-log directory in files
 of the form 'LastFailed.*URLS.log'
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Development policies
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This chapter lists some guidelines that should be followed.
 This list is not complete, and many guidelines are in separate chapters,
 such as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

When is an update of the .lyx file format number needed?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in Section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:When-is-an"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
When to set a fixed milestone?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Only set a fixed milestone (like 2.1.4 or 2.2.0) if at least one of the following
 holds:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Somebody is actively working on a fix.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
The bug is so severe that it would block the release if it is not fixed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If a bug is important, but nobody is working on it, and it is no showstopper,
 use a milestone like 2.1.x or 2.2.x.
 For all other bugs, do not set a milestone at all.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Can we add rc entries in stable branch?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
No.
 We are supposed to increase the prefs2prefs version number with such things.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Documentation-policies"

\end_inset

Documentation policies
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Rules
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are 6
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

rules in editing the docs:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "enu:If-you-are"

\end_inset

If you are not the maintainer of a doc file or a chapter/section, you MUST
 use change tracking so that the maintainer could review your changes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Respect the formatting of the document.
 The different files use different formatting styles.
 That is OK and has historic reasons nobody fully knows ;-).
 But it is important to be consistent within one file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
All changes you make to a file in one language MUST also go the file in
 the other actively maintained languages.
 Normally the maintainer does this for you, if you are the maintainer, you
 must do this by copying or changing the changed or added text to the other
 files so that the translators sees the blue underlined text and know what
 they have to translate and what was changed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
You MUST assure that the document is compilable as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

PDF (pdflatex)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or the document's default output format after your changes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
All fixes (typos, compilation fixes, updates info etc.) go at first into
 the current Git branch because the user should benefit from all fixes with
 every minor release.
 Feel free to commit directly to branch as long as you follow rule
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "enu:If-you-are"

\end_inset

.
 You can immediately commit to master as well.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "enu:The-fileformat-of"

\end_inset

The fileformat of a file must not be changed unless you document a new feature
 in LyX that requires a new fileformat.
 The reason for this rule is to keep it easy for the doc maintainers to
 port/backport changes to from master/branch.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The main documentation consists of these files:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Welcome.lyx It is the first file you see after an installation.
 We assume that a new user sees this.
 It is therefore designed to be as simple as possible.
 Therefore please don't add any new formatting, only fix typos etc.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Intro.lyx This is the manual new users will read to learn \SpecialChar LyX
.
 It therefore uses a limited set of formatting.
 For example a standard document class.
 Since new users will first learn about the formatting possibilities of
 \SpecialChar LyX
 please keep this file that simple.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Tutorial.lyx Our tutorial.
 It must be always up to date.
 Normally there is nothing to add since we don't want to overwhelm new users
 with too much details.
 They will learn these details while using \SpecialChar LyX
 and we have special manuals.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
UserGuide.lyx Our main user guide.
 It covers a mixture of basic and detailed information.
 Some information is also in the Math and EmbeddedObjects manual so that
 the UserGuide refers to these files.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
EmbeddedObjects.lyx A special manual to explain things like tables floats
 boxes etc.
 in all detail.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Math.lyx A special manual to explain everything regarding math in all detail.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Additional.lyx This manual covers information that would be too much detail
 for the UserGuide or would make the UserGuide uncompilable or only compilable
 when installing a lot of special \SpecialChar LaTeX
 packages.
 What should be in the UserGuide or better in Additional is a matter of
 taste.
 It is up to you to decide that.
 Additional.lyx is not completely up to date (only chapter
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

8 is up to date).
 It certainly needs a rewrite and update.
 For example many info in chapter
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

2 and 3 are already covered by the UserGuide and/or the EmbeddedObjects
 manual.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Customization.lyx This manual covers information how to customize \SpecialChar LyX
 for certain
 output formats, operating systems, languages etc.
 It is currently completely out of date and needs a major rewrite and update.
 If you do this please assure that your information are given for all OSes
 and \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distributions (meaning be as objective as possible).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Coding rules
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The aim of this chapter is to serve as a guide for the developers, to aid
 us to get clean and uniform code.
 It is incomplete.
 We really like to have new developers joining the \SpecialChar LyX
 Project.
 However, we have had problems in the past with developers leaving the project
 and their contributed code in a far from perfect state.
 Most of this happened before we really became aware of these issues, but
 still, we don't want it to happen again.
 So we have put together some guidelines and rules for the developers.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
General
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These guidelines should save us a lot of work while cleaning up the code
 and help us to have quality code.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 has been haunted by problems coming from unfinished projects by people
 who have left the team.
 Those problems will hopefully disappear if the code is easy to hand over
 to somebody else.
 In general, if you want to contribute to the main source, we expect at
 least that you:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The most important rule first: KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid), always use
 a simple implementation in favor of a more complicated one.
 This eases maintenance a lot.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Write good C++ code: readable, well commented, and taking advantage of the
 OO model.
 Follow the formatting guidelines.
 See sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formatting"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
As of LyX 2.4.0, you can use features of C++11.
 Accordingly you have to use C++11 standard conforming compiler, e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
 not too dated version of GCC or Clang.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Adapt the code to the structures already existing in \SpecialChar LyX
, or in the case that
 you have better ideas, discuss them on the developer's list before writing
 the code.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Take advantage of the C++ standard library.
 Especially don't use custom containers when a standard container is usable;
 learn to use the algorithms and functors in the standard library.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Be aware of exceptions and write exception safe code.
 See sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Exceptions"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Document all variables, methods, functions, classes etc.
 We are using the source documentation program doxygen, a program that handles
 javadoc syntax, to document sources.
 You can download doxygen from: 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
We have certain code constructs that we try to follow.
 See sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Code-constructs"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Submitting code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It is implicitly understood that all patches contributed to The \SpecialChar LyX
 Project
 is under the Gnu General Public License, version 2 or later.
 If you have a problem with that, don't contribute code.
 Also please don't just pop up out of the blue with a huge patch (or small)
 that changes something substantial in \SpecialChar LyX
.
 Always discuss your ideas with the developers on the developer's mailing
 list.
 When you create the patch, please use 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
diff -up
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 since we find that a lot easier to read than the other diff formats.
 Also please do not send patches that implements or fixes several different
 things; several patches is a much better option.
 We also require you to provide a commit message entry with every patch,
 this describes in detail what the patch is doing.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Code constructs
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Code-constructs"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We have several guidelines on code constructs, some of these exist to make
 the code faster, others to make the code clearer.
 Yet others exist to allow us to take advantage of the strong type checking
 in C++.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Declaration of variables should wait as long as possible.
 The rule is: 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Don't declare it until you need it.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 In C++ there are a lot of user defined types, and these can very often
 be expensive to initialize.
 This rule connects to the next rule too.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Declare the variable as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
const
\end_layout

\end_inset

 if you don't need to change it.
 This applies to POD types like 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
int
\end_layout

\end_inset

 as well as classes.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Make the scope of a variable as small as possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Make good use of namespaces.
 Prefer anonymous namespaces to declaring 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
static
\end_layout

\end_inset

 for file scope.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Prefer preincrement to postincrement whenever possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Preincrement has potential of being faster than postincrement.
 Just think about the obvious implementations of pre/post-increment.
 This rule applies to decrement too.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Use:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

++T;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

--U;
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Do not use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

T++; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

U--; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Try to minimize evaluation of the same code over and over.
 This is aimed especially at loops.
 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Use:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

Container::iterator end = large.end();
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

for (Container::iterator it = large.begin(); it != end; ++it) {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Or better (C++11):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

for (auto const & it : large) {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Do not use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

for (Container::iterator it = large.begin(); it != large.end(); ++it) {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
For functions and methods that return a non-POD type
\begin_inset Foot
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Plain Ol' Data type
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
T
\end_layout

\end_inset

, return 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
T const
\end_layout

\end_inset

 instead.
 This gives better type checking, and will give a compiler warning when
 temporaries are used wrongly.
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

T const add(...);
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Do not use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

T add(...);
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Avoid using the default cases in switch statements unless you have too.
 Use the correct type for the switch expression and let the compiler ensure
 that all cases are exhausted.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

enum Foo {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	FOO_BAR1,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	FOO_BAR2
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

};
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

Foo f = ...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

switch (f) {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

case FOO_BAR1:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	break;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

case FOO_BAR2:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	break;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

default: // not needed and would shadow a wrong use of Foo
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	...;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	break; 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Use default initialization such as
\begin_inset listings
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

int i = 0;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

Class * ptr = nullptr;
\end_layout

\end_inset

rather than brace initialization:
\begin_inset listings
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

int i {};
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

Class * ptr {};
\end_layout

\end_inset

for PODs.
 Use brace initialization only for more complex data structures.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Exceptions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Exceptions"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Be aware of the presence of exceptions.
 One important thing to realize is that you often do not have to use throw,
 try or catch to be exception safe.
 Let's look at the different types of exceptions safety (these are taken
 from Herb Sutter's book 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "sutter"
literal "false"

\end_inset

):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Basic guarantee: Even in the presence of exceptions thrown by T or other
 exceptions, Stack objects don't leak resources.
 Note that this also implies that the container will be destructible and
 usable even if an exception is thrown while performing some container operation.
 However, if an exception is thrown, the container will be in a consistent,
 but not necessarily predictable, state.
 Containers that support the basic guarantee can work safely in some settings.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Strong guarantee: If an operation terminates because of an exception, program
 state will remain unchanged.
 This always implies commit-or-rollback semantics, including that no references
 or iterators into the container be invalidated if an operation fails.
 For example, if a Stack client calls Top and then attempts a Push that
 fails because of an exception, then the state of the Stack object must
 be unchanged and the reference returned from the prior call to Top must
 still be valid.
 For more information on these guarantees, see Dave Abrahams's documentation
 of the SGI exception-safe standard library adaption at: 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.stlport.org/doc/exception_safety.html
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Probably the most interesting point here is that when you implement the
 basic guarantee, the strong guarantee often comes for free.
 For example, in our Stack implementation, almost everything we did was
 needed to satisfy just the basic guarantee – and what's presented above
 very nearly satisfies the strong guarantee, with little or no extra work.
 Not half bad, considering all the trouble we went to.
 In addition to these two guarantees, there is one more guarantee that certain
 functions must provide in order to make overall exception safety possible:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
No throw guarantee: The function will not emit an exception under any circumstan
ces.
 Overall exception safety isn't possible unless certain functions are guaranteed
 not to throw.
 In particular, we've seen that this is true for destructors; later in this
 miniseries, we'll see that it's also needed in certain helper functions,
 such as 
\family typewriter
Swap()
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For all cases where we might be able to write exception safe functions without
 using try, throw or catch we should do so.
 In particular we should look over all destructors to ensure that they are
 as exception safe as possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Formatting
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Formatting"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Only one declaration on each line.
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

int a;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

int b;
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Do not use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

int a, b; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is especially important when initialization is done at the same time:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

string a = "Lars";
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

string b = "Gullik";
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Do not use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

string a = "Lars", b = "Gullik"; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
[Note that 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
string a = "Lars"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is formally calling a copy constructor on a temporary constructed from
 a string literal and therefore has the potential of being more expensive
 then direct construction by 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
string a("Lars")
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 However the compiler is allowed to elide the copy (even if it had side
 effects), and modern compilers typically do so.
 Given these equal costs, \SpecialChar LyX
 code favours the '=' idiom as it is in line with
 the traditional C-style initialization, 
\emph on
and
\emph default
 cannot be mistaken as function declaration, 
\emph on
and
\emph default
 reduces the level of nested parentheses in more initializations.]
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Pointers and references:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

char * p = "flop";
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

char & c = *p;
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Do not use:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

char *p = "flop"; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

char &c = *p; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Some time ago we had a huge discussion on this subject and after convincing
 argumentation from Asger this is what we decided.
 Also note that we will have:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

char const * p;
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

const char * p; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Operator names and parentheses
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

operator==(type)
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

operator == (type) // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The == is part of the function name, separating it makes the declaration
 look like an expression.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Function names and parentheses
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

void mangle()
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

void mangle () // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Enumerators
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

enum Foo {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	FOO_ONE = 1,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	FOO_TWO = 2,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	FOO_THREE = 3
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

};
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
or (C++11)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

enum class Foo {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	One = 1,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	Two = 2,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	Three = 3
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

};
\end_layout

\end_inset

and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

enum { one = 1, two = 2, three 3 }; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

enum {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

One = 1,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

Two = 2,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

Three = 3
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

};
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Null pointers
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Use nullptr (C++11):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

void * p = nullptr;
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

void * p = NULL; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

void * p = '
\backslash
0'; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and not
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

void * p = 42 - 7 * 6; // not used in LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note: As an exception, imported third party code as well as code interfacing
 the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

native
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 APIs (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/support/os_*
\end_layout

\end_inset

) can use NULL.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Naming rules for classes
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Use descriptive but simple and short names.
 Do not abbreviate.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Class names are usually capitalized, and function names lowercased.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Enums are named like Classes, values are usually in lower-case.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Public API functions are camel-case (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
void setAFlagToAValue(bool)
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Member variables are underscored (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
enable_this_feature_flag_
\end_layout

\end_inset

) with a final 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

_
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Private/protected functions are also camel-case.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
New types are capitalized, so this goes for typedefs, classes, structs and
 enums.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Formatting
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Adapt the formatting of your code to the one used in the other parts of
 \SpecialChar LyX
.
 In case there is different formatting for the same construct, use the one
 used more often.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Use existing structures
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "Use-string-wherever"

\end_inset

Use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
string
\end_layout

\end_inset

 wherever possible.
 Unicode strings should prefer using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
docstring
\end_layout

\end_inset

 instead of UTF-8 encoded 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
std::string
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Check out the filename and path tools in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
filetools.h
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Check out the string tools in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lstring.h
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Use the \SpecialChar LyX
Err class to report errors and messages using the lyxerr instantiation.
 [add description of other existing structures]
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Declarations
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Use this order for the access sections of your class: public, protected,
 private.
 The public section is interesting for every user of the class.
 The private section is only of interest for the implementors of the class
 (you).
 [Obviously not true since this is for developers, and we do not want one
 developer only to be able to read and understand the implementation of
 class internals.
 Lgb]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Avoid declaring global objects in the declaration file of the class.
 If the same variable is used for all objects, use a static member.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Avoid global or static variables.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
File headers
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
If you create a new file, the top of the file should look something like
 this :
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

/**
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

* 
\backslash
file NewFile.cpp
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

* This file is part of LyX, the document processor.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

* Licence details can be found in the file COPYING.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

*
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

* 
\backslash
author Kaiser Sose
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

*
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

* Full author contact details are available
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

* in file CREDITS.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

*/
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Documentation
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
The documentation is generated from the header files.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
You document for the other developers, not for yourself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
You should document what the function does, not the implementation.
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
in the .cpp files you document the implementation.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Single line description (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
///
\end_layout

\end_inset

), multiple lines description (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
/** ...
 */
\end_layout

\end_inset

), see the doxygen webpage referenced above.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Naming rules for \SpecialChar LyX
 User Functions (LFUNs)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is the set of rules to apply when a new command name is introduced:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Use the object.event order.
 That is, use `word-forward' instead of `forward-word'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Don't introduce an alias for an already named object.
 Same for events.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Forward movement or focus is called `forward' (not `right').
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Backward movement or focus is called `backward' (not `left').
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Upward movement of focus is called `up'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Downward movement is called `down'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
The begin of an object is called `begin' (not `start').
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
The end of an object is called `end'.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
How to create class interfaces
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
(a.k.a How Non-Member Functions Improve Encapsulation)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
I recently read an article by Scott Meyers, where he makes a strong case
 on how non-member functions makes classes more encapsulated, not less.
 Just skipping to the core of this provides us with the following algorithm
 for deciding what kind of function to add to a class interface:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
We need to add a function f to the class C's API.
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

if (f needs to be virtual)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	make f a member function of C;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

else if (f is operator>> or operator<<) {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	make f a non-member function;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	if (f needs access to non-public members of C)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

		make f a friend of C;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

} else if (f needs type conversions on its left-most argument) {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	make f a non-member function;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	if (f needs access to non-public members of C)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

		make f a friend of C;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

} else if (f can be implemented via C's public interface)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	make f a non-member function;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

else
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	make f a member function of C;
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Chapter
Coding recommendations
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These are some rules for effective C++ programming.
 These are taken from Scott Meyers 
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "journal"
literal "true"

\end_inset

, and are presented in their short form.
 These are not all the rules Meyers presents, only the most important of
 them.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 does not yet follow these rules, but they should be the goal.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
use 
\family typewriter
const
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
inline
\family default
 instead of 
\family typewriter
#define
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
use the same form in corresponding calls to new and delete, i.e.
 write 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
delete[] obj;
\end_layout

\end_inset

 if 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
new obj[n];
\end_layout

\end_inset

 was used to create the object and write 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
delete obj;
\end_layout

\end_inset

 if you wrote 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
new obj;
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Notice strings should be 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
std::string
\end_layout

\end_inset

's instead of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
char *
\end_layout

\end_inset

's.
 (this contradicts to 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "Use-string-wherever"

\end_inset

 )
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
define a default constructor, copy constructor and an assignment operator
 for all classes with dynamically allocated memory that are not made noncopyable
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
do not define default constructor, copy constructor and an assignment operator
 if the compiler generated one would do the same
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
make destructors virtual in base classes and only there 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
assign to all data members in operator=()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
strive for class interfaces that are complete and minimal
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
differentiate among member functions, global functions and friend functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
avoid data members in the public interface
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
use const whenever possible
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
pass and return objects by reference instead of by value
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
choose carefully between function overloading and parameter defaulting
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
never return a reference to a local object or a dereferenced pointer initialized
 by new within the function
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
use enums for integral constants
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
minimize compilation dependencies between files
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
pay attention to compiler warnings
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
differentiate between inheritance and templates
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
ensure that global objects are initialized before they are used
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
avoid conditions to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
if
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
while
\end_layout

\end_inset

 that span more than a line
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
\start_of_appendix
Notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
And one of mine: (Lgb)
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
when switching on enums, refrain from using "default:" if possible
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
And one of mine: (Andre')
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
try to implement your class in a way that the automatically generated copy
 constructor and copy assignment work out-of-the box
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
I don't have problems with using boost in the implementation _if and only
 if_ it provides actual benefits over less intrusive alternatives.
 I do have a problem with needlessly sprinkling 'boost::' over interfaces,
 especially if it does not add any value.
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Given that there seems to be an unconditional "typedef unsigned int quint32;"
 in qglobal.h I don't think there's any platform supported by current \SpecialChar LyX
 that
 could not use 'unsigned int' (and an static assert in some implementation
 file for the unlikely case some ILP64 zombie raises its ugly head again.
 And if that happens, using <cstdint> would still be a better choice...)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The idea is to create something that's not compilable as soon as the condition
 is violated.
 There are lots of possibilities to achieve this, some examples follow:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In C++11 there's a "built-in":
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

static_assert(sizeof(int) == 4, "Funny platform")
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
until then on namespace scope: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(int) == 4)
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
or without boost:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

template<bool Condition>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

struct static_assert_helper;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

template <>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

struct static_assert_helper<true> {}; 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

enum {
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	dummy = sizeof(static_assert_helper<sizeof(int) == 4>)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

};
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
or somewhat brutish without templates, in any function:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset listings
lstparams "basicstyle={\ttfamily},showstringspaces=false,tabsize=4"
inline false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

const int d = sizeof(int) - 4;
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

switch (0) { 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

case 0: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

case !(d*d): 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

	break; 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Any of them in a .cpp file will break compilation as soon as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sizeof(int)
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is not equal 4.
 Personally I prefer something like the third version (or the first, if
 using C++11 is allowed).
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
And one of mine: (vfr)
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
On dynamics_casts 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.lyx.org/trac/changeset/35855
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
A dynamic_cast is necessary when:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
the object to be casted is from an external library because we can't add
 Qxxx::asXxxx() to Qt e.g.:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
QAbstractListModel to GuiIdListModel,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
QValidator to PathValidator,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
QWidget to TabWorkArea,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
QWidget to GuiWorkArea;
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
the object is to be casted from an interface to the implementing class,
 because the Interface does not know by whom it is implemented:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
ProgressInterface to GuiProgress,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Application to GuiApplication.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
A dynamic_cast can be replaced by:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
already existing as***Inset() functions, e.g.:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
asHullInset(),
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
asInsetMath()->asMacro(),
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
asInsetText();
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
A static_cast when we are sure this can't go wrong, e.g.:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
we are sure that CellData::inset->clone() is an InsetTableCell,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
in cases where we explicitly check it->lyxCode().
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "meyers"
literal "true"

\end_inset

Meyers, Scott.
 Effective C++: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Design.
 Addison-Wesley, 1992.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "sutter"
literal "true"

\end_inset

Sutter, Herb.
 Exceptional C++: 47 engineering puzzles, programming problems, and solutions.
 ISBN 0-201-61562-2.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "journal"
literal "true"

\end_inset

Meyers, Scott.
 C/C++ User's Journal (Vol.18, No.2).
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document