mirror of
https://git.lyx.org/repos/lyx.git
synced 2024-11-14 06:57:01 +00:00
751 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
751 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
|
|
\lyxformat 541
|
|
\begin_document
|
|
\begin_header
|
|
\save_transient_properties true
|
|
\origin /systemlyxdir/examples/es/
|
|
\textclass article
|
|
\begin_preamble
|
|
% color greyed-out notes blue
|
|
\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
|
|
{\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
|
|
\end_preamble
|
|
\use_default_options false
|
|
\begin_modules
|
|
braille
|
|
\end_modules
|
|
\maintain_unincluded_children false
|
|
\language spanish
|
|
\language_package default
|
|
\inputencoding utf8
|
|
\fontencoding global
|
|
\font_roman "default" "default"
|
|
\font_sans "default" "default"
|
|
\font_typewriter "default" "default"
|
|
\font_math "auto" "auto"
|
|
\font_default_family default
|
|
\use_non_tex_fonts false
|
|
\font_sc false
|
|
\font_osf false
|
|
\font_sf_scale 100 100
|
|
\font_tt_scale 100 100
|
|
\use_microtype false
|
|
\use_dash_ligatures false
|
|
\graphics default
|
|
\default_output_format default
|
|
\output_sync 0
|
|
\bibtex_command default
|
|
\index_command default
|
|
\paperfontsize default
|
|
\spacing single
|
|
\use_hyperref true
|
|
\pdf_title "Cómo escribir Braille con LyX"
|
|
\pdf_author "Uwe Stöhr"
|
|
\pdf_bookmarks false
|
|
\pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
|
|
\pdf_bookmarksopen false
|
|
\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
|
|
\pdf_breaklinks false
|
|
\pdf_pdfborder false
|
|
\pdf_colorlinks true
|
|
\pdf_backref false
|
|
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
|
|
\papersize default
|
|
\use_geometry true
|
|
\use_package amsmath 1
|
|
\use_package amssymb 1
|
|
\use_package cancel 0
|
|
\use_package esint 1
|
|
\use_package mathdots 1
|
|
\use_package mathtools 0
|
|
\use_package mhchem 1
|
|
\use_package stackrel 0
|
|
\use_package stmaryrd 0
|
|
\use_package undertilde 0
|
|
\cite_engine basic
|
|
\cite_engine_type default
|
|
\biblio_style plain
|
|
\use_bibtopic false
|
|
\use_indices false
|
|
\paperorientation portrait
|
|
\suppress_date false
|
|
\justification true
|
|
\use_refstyle 0
|
|
\index Índice
|
|
\shortcut idx
|
|
\color #008000
|
|
\end_index
|
|
\leftmargin 2.5cm
|
|
\rightmargin 2.5cm
|
|
\secnumdepth 3
|
|
\tocdepth 3
|
|
\paragraph_separation skip
|
|
\defskip medskip
|
|
\is_math_indent 0
|
|
\quotes_style swiss
|
|
\papercolumns 1
|
|
\papersides 1
|
|
\paperpagestyle default
|
|
\tracking_changes false
|
|
\output_changes false
|
|
\html_math_output 0
|
|
\html_css_as_file 0
|
|
\html_be_strict false
|
|
\end_header
|
|
|
|
\begin_body
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Title
|
|
Cómo escribir Braille con \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Author
|
|
Uwe Stöhr
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Nota preliminar: ¡El Braille que se puede componer con \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
|
no es completo!
|
|
El Braille profesional puede ser de 6 u 8
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
puntos, mientras que \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
|
sólo soporta Braille de 6
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
puntos sin caracteres acentuados.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Para escribir Braille con \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
, hay que cargar antes el módulo
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\family default
|
|
en la sección
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Módulos
|
|
\family default
|
|
de la configuración del documento.
|
|
Después, al final del cuadro desplegable de selección de entornos de \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
se
|
|
selecciona el entorno de párrafo
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
(predeterminado)
|
|
\family default
|
|
o
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
(tamaño de texto)
|
|
\family default
|
|
y se escribe el texto.
|
|
Los demás entornos Braille, como se describe más abajo, sólo sirven para
|
|
activar o desactivar algunas propiedades: ¡hay que dejarlos vacíos!
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Aquí hay un ejemplo:
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset line
|
|
LatexCommand rule
|
|
offset "0.5ex"
|
|
width "100line%"
|
|
height "1pt"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Con caracteres latinos:
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Esta es una frase de ejemplo escrita en Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Con caracteres Braille:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
Esta es una frase de ejemplo escrita en Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset line
|
|
LatexCommand rule
|
|
offset "0.5ex"
|
|
width "100line%"
|
|
height "1pt"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Como se puede ver, \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
|
no es capaz de dividir con guiones las palabras escritas
|
|
en Braille.
|
|
Hay que hacerlo manualmente.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\series bold
|
|
Nota:
|
|
\series default
|
|
En Braille sólo se pueden imprimir letras latinas, números, puntuaciones,
|
|
paréntesis y corchetes.
|
|
Caracteres especiales como
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
o
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, caracteres acentuados y saltos de línea no están soportados.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\series bold
|
|
Nota:
|
|
\series default
|
|
Los nombres propios de \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
y \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar LaTeX
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar TeX
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
y
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
deben insertarse en código \SpecialChar TeX
|
|
, como en el siguiente ejemplo:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset line
|
|
LatexCommand rule
|
|
offset "0.5ex"
|
|
width "100line%"
|
|
height "1pt"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Latinos: !
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
El carácter
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
¡
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
no está soportado (
|
|
\emph on
|
|
N.
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
del T.
|
|
\emph default
|
|
)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
es genial!
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Braille:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
!
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
es genial!
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset line
|
|
LatexCommand rule
|
|
offset "0.5ex"
|
|
width "100line%"
|
|
height "1pt"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Ahora echaremos un vistazo a los diferentes entornos Braille usando como
|
|
ejemplo el texto
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
predeterminado
|
|
\family default
|
|
:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
(tamaño de texto)
|
|
\family default
|
|
- Tamaño que coincide aproximadamente con el tamaño del texto del documento:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (textsize)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
(puntos activos)
|
|
\family default
|
|
- En las posiciones vacías se pueden mostrar puntos diminutos:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (dots on)
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (textsize)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
El texto puede imprimirse reflejado para poder posteriormente
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
imprimir
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Braille manualmente con una aguja u otro método adecuado:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Normal:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Braille
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
(espejo activo)
|
|
\family default
|
|
:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (mirror on)
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (mirror off)
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Los caracteres en Braille se pueden crear de forma alternativa escribiendo
|
|
un número en un recuadro Braille.
|
|
Un marco Braille se inserta con el menú
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
Recuadro personalizado
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Cada cifra presente en este marco da lugar al correspondiente punto Braille,
|
|
por ejemplo el número
|
|
\series bold
|
|
6145
|
|
\series default
|
|
produce:
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Flex Braillebox
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
6145
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
El Braille de ordenador que utiliza 8
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
puntos puede ser activado con el comando
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleeightdotstrue
|
|
\series default
|
|
.
|
|
Sin embargo, los dos puntos extras sólo están disponibles si se emplea
|
|
un recuadro Braille.
|
|
Por ejemplo el número
|
|
\series bold
|
|
8175
|
|
\series default
|
|
en un recuadro Braille genera:
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleeightdotstrue
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Flex Braillebox
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
8175
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleeightdotsfalse
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
El tamaño por omisión de la fuente Braille puede cambiarse con la longitud
|
|
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleunit
|
|
\series default
|
|
.
|
|
Su valor predeterminado es 2.4
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
mm.
|
|
Para obtener, p.
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
e., Braille de doble tamaño con los puntos diminutos también de doble tamaño,
|
|
se emplea el siguiente comando en código \SpecialChar TeX
|
|
:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
renewcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braillenormal}[1]
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleunit}{4.8mm}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braille{#1}}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Braille en tamaño doble:
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
renewcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braillenormal}[1]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleunit}{4mm}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braille{#1}}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Braille (default)
|
|
Esto es Braille.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
renewcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braillenormal}[1]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
brailleunit}{2mm}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
braille{#1}}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Más información sobre las dimensiones de las celdas Braille en
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
|
LatexCommand href
|
|
name "http://www.tiresias.org/research/reports/braille_cell.htm"
|
|
target "http://www.tiresias.org/research/reports/braille_cell.htm"
|
|
literal "false"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_body
|
|
\end_document
|