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https://git.lyx.org/repos/lyx.git
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6b0d92a4a4
git-svn-id: svn://svn.lyx.org/lyx/lyx-devel/trunk@27032 a592a061-630c-0410-9148-cb99ea01b6c8
3274 lines
53 KiB
Plaintext
3274 lines
53 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 1.6.0beta3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 335
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\textclass article
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\begin_preamble
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\usepackage[all]{xy}
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\makeatletter
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\newcommand{\xyR}[1]{
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\makeatletter
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\xydef@\xymatrixrowsep@{#1}
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\makeatother
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}
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\makeatletter
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\newcommand{\xyC}[1]{
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\makeatletter
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\xydef@\xymatrixcolsep@{#1}
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\makeatother
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}
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\newdir{|>}{!/4.5pt/@{|}*:(1,-.2)@^{>}*:(1,+.2)@_{>}}
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\end_preamble
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\language english
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\inputencoding auto
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\font_roman ae
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\font_sans default
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\font_typewriter default
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\font_default_family default
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\font_sc false
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\font_osf false
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\font_sf_scale 100
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\font_tt_scale 100
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\graphics default
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\paperfontsize default
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\spacing single
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\use_hyperref false
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\papersize a4paper
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\use_geometry false
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\use_amsmath 1
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\use_esint 0
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\cite_engine basic
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\use_bibtopic false
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\paperorientation portrait
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\secnumdepth 3
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\tocdepth 3
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\paragraph_separation indent
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\defskip medskip
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\quotes_language english
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\papercolumns 1
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\papersides 1
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\paperpagestyle default
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\tracking_changes false
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\output_changes false
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\author ""
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\author ""
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Using
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-pic in LyX
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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H.
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Peter Gumm
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Abstract
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With the recent versions of LyX and with the
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\family typewriter
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preview
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\family default
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-style installed in the LaTeX-System, the graph drawing package
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\family default
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-Pic can be conveniently used inside LyX.
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Diagrams can be edited and displayed inside the main LyX editing window.
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Here, we shall describe how to use the
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xymatrix
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\family default
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command from
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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inside LyX in order to draw, to edit and to preview diagrams as typically
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used in category theory, algebra, and related fields.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Abstract
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\begin_inset CommandInset toc
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LatexCommand tableofcontents
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Introduction
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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-package has long served as a convenient tool for easily constructing graphs
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and diagrams in LaTeX.
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Unfortunately, its use in LyX had long been restricted to the infamous
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ERT-boxes, meaning that the LyX editor could only display the LaTeX-source
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and not the finished diagram.
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The new
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\family typewriter
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preview
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\family default
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-style of LaTeX which is part of the AUCTeX project
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "AUCTeX"
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\end_inset
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, finally enables the editing and displaying of
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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-diagrams, constructed, displayed and interactively edited inside LyX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace defskip
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename xyfigure.png
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scale 50
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BoundingBox 0bp 0bp 580bp 440bp
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clip
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace defskip
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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In this note, we describe how
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-pic can be used from inside LyX, how diagrams can be created and edited.
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We have tested the following using LyX versions 1.3.7 up to 1.6, running under
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WindowsXP and under Windows Vista.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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There are two modes of operations: For a start, and for some first tests,
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it may be easiest to first enter the
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-Pic code inside the LyX-window, select it all and convert it to a graphical
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representation by pressing
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\family sans
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Ctrl-m
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\family default
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or
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\family sans
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Ctrl-M
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\family default
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.
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If you use
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-Pic more frequently, or if you want to modify your initial figure, you
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will want to assemble and modify your figures using LyX's math editor.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Once the cursor is moved over a diagram, this is displayed as an array of
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nodes and arrow-commands.
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These can be changed interactively.
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When the cursor leaves the editing area, the diagram reappears.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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In the first two sections of this documentation, we explain how to use LyX
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in the first mentioned mode and we introduce all
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-Pic features that might be of use for drawing commutative diagrams, graphs
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or automata.
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Section 3 explains how to use the
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-Pic commands inside a math-editing area.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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It is not our intention to write another introduction to
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-Pic, rather our motivation is to give an introduction how the most important
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commands work inside LyX, since the keystrokes as explained in the
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-Pic manual
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "xypic manual"
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\end_inset
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will not always function correctly inside LyX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Preparation
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The following requires that the LaTeX-packages
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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and
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\family typewriter
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preview
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\family default
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are installed in the LaTeX system.
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They are available from CTAN, see at
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "instant-preview"
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\end_inset
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, resp.
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at
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "xypic"
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\end_inset
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.
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After freshly installing them, it may be necessary, to run
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\family sans
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Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Reconfigure
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\family default
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from the main LyX menu.
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The steps to a first diagram output in LyX are then:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Activate and test
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\family typewriter
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preview
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Open LyX, choose
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\family sans
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Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Look and Feel\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Graphics
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\family default
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and place a check-mark at
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\emph on
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Instant Preview
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\emph default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Test, if
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\family typewriter
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instant-preview
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\family default
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works by opening a LyX-document and entering any math-formula, e.g.
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\begin_inset Formula $a+b=c$
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Move the cursor out of the formula, and watch it change its appearance to
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look just like in the finished dvi- or postscript document.
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\end_layout
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Activate and test
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Choose
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\family sans
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Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Preamble
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\family default
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and type
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
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usepackage[all]{xy}.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Inside your LyX-Document, enter the text
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
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xymatrix{A
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\backslash
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ar[r] & B}
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\family default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Select the whole text and choose
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\family sans
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Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Display Formula
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\family default
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, or use the corresponding keyboard shortcut
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\family sans
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Ctrl-M
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\family default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Enumerate
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Move the mouse cursor out of the editing box and wait for a split second
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to see an arrow appear:
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\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{A\ar [r] & B}
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$
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Section
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Commutative diagrams
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The following diagram, which is taken from the documentation of
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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|
-Pic
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "xypic manual"
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\end_inset
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by its creator Kristoffer H.
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Rose, will provide an example for many of the features available with that
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package.
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Its source code is:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\backslash
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xymatrix{
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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|
U
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\backslash
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ar@/_{1pc}/[ddr]_
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\backslash
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psi
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\backslash
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ar@/^{1pc}/[drr]^
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\backslash
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varphi
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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|
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\backslash
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ar@{.>}[dr]|-{(x,y)}
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& X
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\backslash
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times_Z Y
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\backslash
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ar[d]^q
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\backslash
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ar[r]_p & X
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\backslash
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ar[d]_f
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& Y
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\backslash
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ar[r]^g & Z }
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Again, to turn this code into a graphical output, select it all at once
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starting from the
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\family typewriter
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|
\backslash
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xymatrix{
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\family default
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|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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up to the closing brace \SpecialChar \ldots{}
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\family typewriter
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}
|
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\family default
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and turn it into display-math as explained above.
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A moment after the cursor leaves the math-area, you should see the diagram
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in its full graphical glory as shown below.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{U\ar @/_{1pc}/[ddr]_{\psi}\ar @/{}^{1pc}/[drr]^{\varphi}\ar @{.>}[dr]|-{(x,y)}\\
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& X\times_{Z}Y\ar [d]^{q}\ar [r]_{p} & X\ar [d]_{f}\\
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& Y\ar [r]^{g} & Z}
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$
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\end_inset
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|
|
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\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
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The matrix layout of diagrams
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\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
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|
\family typewriter
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|
xymatrix
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\family default
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uses a matrix to define the layout of the vertices of a diagram.
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For the above example, we need a
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\begin_inset Formula $3\times3$
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\end_inset
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|
-matrix of which 5 entries are used for the vertices
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\begin_inset Formula $U$
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\end_inset
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|
,
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\begin_inset Formula $X\times_{Z}Y$
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\end_inset
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|
,
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\begin_inset Formula $X$
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\end_inset
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|
,
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\begin_inset Formula $Y$
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\end_inset
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|
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|
,
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\begin_inset Formula $Z$
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\end_inset
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|
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|
, the other positions remaining empty.
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|
In this case, the following matrix determines the layout:
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\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
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|
xymatrix{
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
|
|
|
|
U
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
|
|
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|
& X
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\backslash
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times_Z Y & X
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\backslash
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& Y & Z }
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\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The pattern should be familiar from LaTeX: We see three rows, the first
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|
two being terminated by the end-of-line-marker
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Each line consists of entries, separated by the ampersand
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
&
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
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|
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\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
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|
Arrows
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\end_layout
|
|
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\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Having entered the vertices, we add arrows between them.
|
|
The basic
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\family typewriter
|
|
xypic
|
|
\family default
|
|
-command to produce an arrow is
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar
|
|
\family default
|
|
, it is entered into the cell of the matrix where the arrow is to start.
|
|
The target of the arrow is defined by direction commands
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
u
|
|
\family default
|
|
(up)
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
d
|
|
\family default
|
|
(down)
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
l
|
|
\family default
|
|
(left), or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
r
|
|
\family default
|
|
(right).
|
|
These can be combined to a path and enclosed in square brackets.
|
|
As an example, the arrows from the vertex
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $U$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
in the upper left corner down and right to the vertices
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $X\times_{Z}Y$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $Y$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, and
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $X$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
are, respectively, defined as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[ddr]
|
|
\family default
|
|
and
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[drr]
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Thus the above diagram with all arrows added becomes:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix{
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
U
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[ddr]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[drr]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
& X
|
|
\backslash
|
|
times_Z Y
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[d]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]& X
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[d]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
& Y
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r] & Z }
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{ U \ar [ddr] \ar [drr] \ar [dr]\\
|
|
& X \times_{Z} Y \ar [d] \ar [r] & X \ar [d]\\
|
|
& Y \ar [r] & Z }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Labels
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Labels are attached to arrows by affixing them as upper or lower indices
|
|
to the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar
|
|
\family default
|
|
-command.
|
|
Thus,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[drr]^
|
|
\backslash
|
|
varphi
|
|
\family default
|
|
defines an arrow going one cell down, two to the right and having the label
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
attached above.
|
|
To attach a label below the arrow, make it a lower index as in
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[ddr]_
|
|
\backslash
|
|
psi
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
This explanation is correct only for arrows pointing to the right.
|
|
More precisely, imagine looking along the arrow in the direction it is
|
|
pointing.
|
|
Then an upper index places a label to the left and a lower index places
|
|
it to the right.
|
|
Consequently, an arrow pointing from right to left, such as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[l]^
|
|
\backslash
|
|
alpha_
|
|
\backslash
|
|
beta
|
|
\family default
|
|
will have label
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
below and label
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
above the arrow, i.e.
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ & \ \ar [l]_{\beta}^{\alpha}.}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Using the character | instead of ^ or _ , it is even possible to place the
|
|
label right onto the arrow, obscuring part of its shaft.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Normally, a label is placed halfway between an arrow's start and target
|
|
objects.
|
|
In the first diagram, the central arrow starting in
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $U$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
has the label
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $(x,y)$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
in the middle of the arrow's shaft, rather than in the middle between the
|
|
two objects it connects.
|
|
This is achieved by prefixing the label with a minus sign, here:
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]|-{(x,y)}
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix{
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
U
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[ddr]_
|
|
\backslash
|
|
psi
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[drr]^
|
|
\backslash
|
|
varphi
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]|-{(x,y)}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
& X
|
|
\backslash
|
|
times_Z Y
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[d]^q
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]_p& X
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[d]_f
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
& Y
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]^g & Z }
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{ U \ar [ddr]_{\psi}\ar [drr]^{\varphi}\ar [dr]|-{(x,y)}\\
|
|
& X \times_{Z} Y \ar [d]^{q} \ar [r]_{p} & X \ar [d]_{f}\\
|
|
& Y \ar [r]^{g} & Z }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-pic normally permits labels to be shifted towards the tip or towards the
|
|
start of an arrow by prefixing the label with a ratio, such as e.g.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
(.3)
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
In LyX this works only for labels which are placed on top of the arrow,
|
|
such as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]|(0.3){
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi}
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
For labels placed to the left or to the right of the arrow this does not
|
|
work.
|
|
The corresponding
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-pic code such as e.g.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]^(.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]_(.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
psi
|
|
\family default
|
|
is not correctly interpreted by LyX's math editor.
|
|
Two workarounds are suggested in the last section of this note.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Arrow modification
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Modification of the design, the form or the positioning of arrows are introduced
|
|
by the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
@
|
|
\family default
|
|
-character.
|
|
This is followed by a pair of matching brackets, where the form of the
|
|
bracket pair,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
{ }
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
< >
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
/ /
|
|
\family default
|
|
indicates, whether we want to modify the design, the or the curvature of
|
|
the arrow.
|
|
Various modifactions can be applied to an arrow at the same time.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Arrow design
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Various designs such as
|
|
\emph on
|
|
solid
|
|
\emph default
|
|
,
|
|
\emph on
|
|
dotted
|
|
\emph default
|
|
,
|
|
\emph on
|
|
dashed
|
|
\emph default
|
|
or
|
|
\emph on
|
|
double
|
|
\emph default
|
|
are possible for the shaft of an arrow.
|
|
These can be combined with various ends and various tips.
|
|
In general, the design of an arrow is described by following the command
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar
|
|
\family default
|
|
immediately by an
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
@
|
|
\family default
|
|
-sign and a pair of braces {\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
} containing characters describing the end,
|
|
the shaft and the tip of the arrow.
|
|
These characters are chosen to give some form of ASCII-rendering of the
|
|
real thing.
|
|
For instance
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{>..>>}
|
|
\family default
|
|
produces an arrow with split end, a dotted shaft and double head.
|
|
A number of other arrow designs is given in the table below.
|
|
Note that the ends of embedding arrows
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{A\ar @{^{(}->}[r] & B}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
are described by raising or lowering opening parentheses, such as in
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{^(->}[r].
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
|
|
<features islongtable="true">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Result
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Source code in LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar [r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{-->}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{-->}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{..>}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{..>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{~>}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{~>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{->>}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{->>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{-->>}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{-->>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{>->>}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{>->>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{_{(}->}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{_(->}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{^{(}->}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{^(->}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{|-|}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{|-|}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
noindent
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Following the @-character by either a 2, 3, _,or a ^, we can produce arrows
|
|
with double, triple shaft or arrows showing only the lower or upper half
|
|
of their tips and ends.
|
|
Arrows need not have tips nor ends, as the last example shows :
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
|
|
<features islongtable="true">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Result
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Source code for LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @2[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@2
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @3[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@3
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @_{->}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@_{->}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @^{->}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@^{->}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @^{>>->>}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@^{>>->>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @{^{<}-_{>}}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{^<-_>}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \xymatrix{\ \ar @2{--}[r] & \ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@2{--}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Designing your own arrows
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Within certain limits there is even a way to design your own arrows.
|
|
Using some the characters
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
><|ox+/()[
|
|
\family default
|
|
one can even design one's own arrow tips using the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
newdir
|
|
\family default
|
|
command in the preample.
|
|
For explanations, we refer to the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
-manual, from which we take the example:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
newdir{|>}{!/4.5pt/@{|}*:(1,-.2)@^{>}*:(1,+.2)@_{>}}
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
noindent
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
This defines a new arrow tip, referred to as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|>
|
|
\family default
|
|
in
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{-|>}[r]
|
|
\family default
|
|
and which displays correctly in LyX as:
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xymatrix{A\ar @{-|>}[r] & \ \ B}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Arrow positioning
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Arrows are shifted sideways with the modifier
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
@<
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\ldots$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
>
|
|
\family default
|
|
where the ellipsis is replaced by a positive or negative measure.
|
|
For instance, to design a pair of mutually opposing arrows between two
|
|
nodes, we shift them to see them apart.
|
|
Note that the direction of the shift (positive) is to the left if one looks
|
|
along the arrow.
|
|
Thus
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
circ
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@<1ex>[r]&
|
|
\backslash
|
|
circ
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@<1ex>[l]}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
noindent
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
produces
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xymatrix{\circ\ar @<1ex>[r] & \circ\ar @<1ex>[l]}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Inline or centered diagrams
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Arrows and diagrams can be used inline, such as this one:
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\circ\ar @<1ex>[r] & \circ\ar @<1ex>[l]}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
When their code is written inside LyX as above, select it and choose either
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-m
|
|
\family default
|
|
for inline appearence or
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-M
|
|
\family default
|
|
for displaystyle.
|
|
Diagrams constructed inline can later be centered, or, conversely, centered
|
|
diagrams can be changed to inline formulas with
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Math
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Alignment.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Bending arrows
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
There are two simple methods to make arrows bend.
|
|
The first is giving an explicit value by which the midpoint of the arrow's
|
|
shaft is raised or depressed, the other is by forcing the arrow to leave
|
|
its origin in a prescribed compass direction and to make him enter the
|
|
target at another direction.
|
|
The necessary bending of the arrow is determined automatically.
|
|
We describe both methods.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Raising the shaft
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
For bending arrows we use the modifier @/
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\ldots$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
/ .
|
|
The ellipsis stands for a TeX-measure which needs to be entered as a lower
|
|
or upper index.
|
|
Whereas in
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
xypic
|
|
\family default
|
|
, we could simply write, e.g.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@/_1pc/
|
|
\family default
|
|
for an arrow bending
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
1pc
|
|
\family default
|
|
downwards, this cannot directly be done in LyX.
|
|
It is necessary, to enclose the measure in a pair of braces, such as e.g.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@/_{1pc}/
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
As an example, here are two opposing arrows between
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $A$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $B$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, each bending by .5 pica, given by the following source code:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix{A
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@/_{.5pc}/[r] & B
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@/_{.5pc}/[l]}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xymatrix{A\ar @/{}_{.5pc}/[r] & B\ar @/{}_{.5pc}/[l]}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Specifying exit- and entrance directions.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
An alternative for making arrows bend is by specifying their compass direction
|
|
as they are leaving their source and their direction from which they enter
|
|
their target.
|
|
Instead of north, north-east, east, etc., the directions are named
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
u
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
ur
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
r
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
dr
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
d
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
dl
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
l
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
ul
|
|
\family default
|
|
, standing for up, up-right, right, down-right, etc..
|
|
A direction is specified as @(
|
|
\emph on
|
|
out
|
|
\emph default
|
|
,
|
|
\emph on
|
|
in
|
|
\emph default
|
|
) where
|
|
\emph on
|
|
out
|
|
\emph default
|
|
stands for the direction the first object is left and
|
|
\emph on
|
|
in
|
|
\emph default
|
|
stands for the direction from which the target is entered.
|
|
As an example, we show some bending arrows and a loop, which arises when
|
|
we do not specify a target for an arrow, just its incoming and outgoing
|
|
direction:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xymatrix{A\ar @(dr,dl)[r]\ar @(dr,dl)[rr] & B\ar @(d,r)[dl] & C\\
|
|
E\ar @(ul,ur)}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix{A
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(dr,dl)[r]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(dr,dl)[rr]
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
&B
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(d,r)[dl] &C
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
E
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(ul,ur)}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Modifying vertices
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The above example is reminiscent of an automata diagram, except that in
|
|
such a diagram states would be enclosed in small circles, with double circles
|
|
denoting final states.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Framing objects
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
With
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-Pic, entries can obtain a single or a double frame, such as
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*+[F]{A}}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*+[F=]{B}}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
by prefixing an entry with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
*[F-]
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
*[F=]
|
|
\family default
|
|
and enclosing the portion of the entry to be framed in braces.
|
|
Normally, the frame will be very tight so that it must be widened by prefixing
|
|
with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
+
|
|
\family default
|
|
or with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
++
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Round frames, such as
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*++[o][F]{A}}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*++[o][F=]{B}}
|
|
$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
are obtained by specifying the shape as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
[o].
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
So the latter figure was constructed as *++[o][F=]{B}.
|
|
This way, the following automaton
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xymatrix{\txt {start}\ar [r] & *++[o][F]{1}\ar [r] & *++[o][F=]{2}\ar @(ur,dr)\ar @(ur,ul)[l]}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
noindent
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
can be typeset as
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
txt{start}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
& *++[o][F]{1}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
& *++[o][F=]{2}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(ur,dr)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(ur,ul)[l]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
}.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The LaTeX command
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
entrymodifiers={
|
|
\family default
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
}
|
|
\family default
|
|
will make a certain entry style the default, that can, of course be overridden
|
|
for individual entries.
|
|
Thus, after
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
entrymodifiers={++[o][F-]}
|
|
\family default
|
|
, all following entries inside
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-matrices would be encircled.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Framing rectangles
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Framing a whole rectangle inside an xymatrix is done with the macro pair
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
save ...
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
restore
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
\family roman
|
|
\series medium
|
|
\shape up
|
|
\size normal
|
|
\emph off
|
|
\bar no
|
|
\noun off
|
|
\color none
|
|
The dimension of the rectangle is given as a dotted pair
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $P_{0}.P_{1}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
of points denoting the top left and lower right corners of the rectangle.
|
|
Each point, in turn,is given as a doubly quoted comma separated pair
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $x,y$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
specifying row
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $x$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
and column
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $y$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
These are followed by the framing commands, to produce figures such as
|
|
the following:
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xymatrix{A & B\ar @(d,r)[dl]\sp (0.2)\phi\sp (0.7)\psi\save "1,1"."2,1"*+[F=]\frm {}\restore \,\\
|
|
C & \save "1,1"."1,2"*++[F]\frm {}\restore }
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Here, the code
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
\series default
|
|
\shape default
|
|
\size default
|
|
\emph default
|
|
\bar default
|
|
\noun default
|
|
\color inherit
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
save"1,1"."2,1"*+[F=]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
frm{}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
restore
|
|
\family roman
|
|
\series medium
|
|
\shape up
|
|
\size normal
|
|
\emph off
|
|
\bar no
|
|
\noun off
|
|
\color none
|
|
produces the doubly framed rectangle, and the code for the extra wide horizonta
|
|
l rectangle is
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
\series default
|
|
\shape default
|
|
\size default
|
|
\emph default
|
|
\bar default
|
|
\noun default
|
|
\color inherit
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
save"1,1"."1,2"*++[F]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
frm{}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
restore
|
|
\family roman
|
|
\series medium
|
|
\shape up
|
|
\size normal
|
|
\emph off
|
|
\bar no
|
|
\noun off
|
|
\color none
|
|
.
|
|
This code can be placed in arbitrary cells of the xymatrix.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Using LyX's math editor
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
As an alternative to writing the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
xypic
|
|
\family default
|
|
code, then transforming it into a math-editing environment by marking it
|
|
and applying
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-m
|
|
\family default
|
|
, or
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-M
|
|
\family default
|
|
, one may construct and modify the whole xypic-diagram inside LyX's math
|
|
editor.
|
|
We describe the editing steps for a figure just like the one above.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Caveat - how to enter braces
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Recall that in LyX's math-editor any pair of braces
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
and
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
}
|
|
\family default
|
|
that are to enclose a macro-parameter must be entered by typing just
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
The closing brace is automatically supplied and in between a box into which
|
|
to the parameter is entered.
|
|
In connection with
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-diagrams, this applies in particular to arrow modifications that are normally
|
|
given in the form
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
@{
|
|
\family default
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
}
|
|
\family default
|
|
with the ellipsis standing for the description of end, shaft and tip of
|
|
the arrow.
|
|
Inside the math-editor, enter just
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
@
|
|
\backslash
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
and let LyX provide the closing brace and the box into which to enter the
|
|
description of the arrow.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Braces that are entered without the backslash
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
will just appear as typed, but cannot be used to receive a macro parameter.
|
|
They are useful, for instance to denote sets, e.g.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
{x
|
|
\backslash
|
|
in X
|
|
\backslash
|
|
mid x
|
|
\backslash
|
|
notin x}
|
|
\family default
|
|
will display as
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\{x\in X\mid x\notin x\}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Setting up the matrix
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
With
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-m
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-M
|
|
\family default
|
|
open a formula environment and enter:
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
This produces a 1
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\times$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
1-
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-matrix.
|
|
Add extra rows by typing
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Ctrl-Enter
|
|
\family default
|
|
and add columns by typing
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Alt-m c i.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
At any time, further rows or columns can be entered or deleted using commands
|
|
available from
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Math,
|
|
\family default
|
|
resp.
|
|
their shortcuts, beginning with
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Alt-m c
|
|
\family default
|
|
for the column commands or
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Alt-m w
|
|
\family default
|
|
for the row commands.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Entering nodes, arrows and labels
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Type the nodes into the correct positions of the matrix.
|
|
If you move the cursor out of the matrix, you should see a first rendering
|
|
of the node layout.
|
|
Next, add the arrows at the nodes from where they should emanate by typing
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[
|
|
\family default
|
|
\emph on
|
|
p
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
\emph default
|
|
]
|
|
\family default
|
|
, where
|
|
\emph on
|
|
p
|
|
\emph default
|
|
can be any path made up from the characters
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
u
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
d
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
l
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
r
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Make sure that the path indeed leads to an existing node within the matrix.
|
|
Otherwise, the figure will not display when the cursor leaves the editing
|
|
area.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Next, label the arrows by attaching a label text as upper or lower indices
|
|
to the end of the arrow's path.
|
|
As always in LyX's math editor, an underscore
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
_
|
|
\family default
|
|
opens a box for a lower index and a
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
^
|
|
\family default
|
|
followed by a space opens a box for an upper index.
|
|
You can enter any LaTeX-code as a label.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Modifying arrows
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Finally, modify the appearance of the arrows by entering @-modifiers @{\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
},
|
|
@<\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
>, @(\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
,\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
) or @/\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
/.
|
|
The above caveat applies to the first form only.
|
|
It must be entered as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
@
|
|
\backslash
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
with the arrow description entered inside the LyX-supplied box.
|
|
If this box remains empty, you have specified an empty arrow.
|
|
This is a useful construction, too, as you will see in the next section.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The other modifiers, @<\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
>, @(\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
,\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
) and @/\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
/ are typed as shown with the arrow
|
|
description replacing the ellipsis.
|
|
The code for bending arrows, which in
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
xypic
|
|
\family default
|
|
is @/_
|
|
\emph on
|
|
measure
|
|
\emph default
|
|
/ or @/
|
|
\emph on
|
|
^measure
|
|
\emph default
|
|
/ where
|
|
\emph on
|
|
measure
|
|
\emph default
|
|
is any valid TeX-measure, should be entered as upper or lower index to
|
|
the first slash / .
|
|
Make sure that the ending slash does not end up being part of the upper
|
|
or lower index.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
What if something goes wrong
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
When constructing a diagram, you should at times check it by just moving
|
|
the cursor out of the editing area to see whether instant preview can successfu
|
|
lly convert it into graphical output.
|
|
If this does not happen, it may either be that instant preview for some
|
|
reason is not aware that it should retranslate the graphics.
|
|
Moving the cursor into the editing area and out again sometimes wakes up
|
|
instant preview.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A more serious reason could be a syntactical error in your input.
|
|
If necessary, redo the last editing steps, using Ctrl-z, or try to translate
|
|
the LyX-file into dvi using Ctrl-d or
|
|
\family sans
|
|
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Dvi
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
There should be some error generated, which hopefully gives you a hint
|
|
as to the source of the mistake.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Hacks
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Certain things do not work correctly inside LyX.
|
|
The ones that we (used to) miss most are the horizontal and vertical scaling
|
|
of diagrams, and the correct positioning of arrows.
|
|
There are some workarounds that we are explaining here.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Horizontal and vertical scaling
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
It is often convenient to stretch the horizontal or the vertical dimensions
|
|
of an entire diagram by using spacing commands for rows and/or columns.
|
|
According to the
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-manual, for instance,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix@R=1pc{
|
|
\family default
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
}
|
|
\family default
|
|
defines an
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-matrix with row spacing of 1 pica.
|
|
Similarly,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrix@C=
|
|
\family default
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
}
|
|
\family default
|
|
allows to modify the space between columns.
|
|
Unfortunately, these commands do currently not work inside LyX, as the
|
|
@-character is interpreted by LyX as ending the
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-matrix-macro.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Knowing that
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
stores the values for row-spacing and column-spacing in the variables
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@
|
|
\family default
|
|
and
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@
|
|
\family default
|
|
, add the following macro to the preamble (
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Preamble)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
makeatletter
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
newcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyR}[1]{%
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
makeatletter
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xydef@
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@{#1}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
makeatother
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
} % end of
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyR
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A macro
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyC
|
|
\family default
|
|
can be defined correspondingly by replacing
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@
|
|
\family default
|
|
with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xymatrixcolsep@
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Now, a figure can be scaled by entering
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyR{...} into the
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-matrix.
|
|
Place the cursor inside the matrix, just before the first entry.
|
|
Then enter
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyR
|
|
\backslash
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyC
|
|
\backslash
|
|
{
|
|
\family default
|
|
or both.
|
|
Dont't forget the backslashes and remember, that the closing brace is automatic
|
|
ally supplied by LyX.
|
|
Inside the braces enter the dimensions.
|
|
The default is
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
2pt
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Here you see a diagram which is squashed vertically and stretched horizontally
|
|
with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyR{9pc}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
xyC{.5pc}
|
|
\family default
|
|
:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xyC {.5pc}\xyC {9pc}\xymatrix{A\ar [r]\ar [d] & B\\
|
|
C\ar @{}[ur]|{\text{{horizontal stretch}}}}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Label positioning
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Another useful
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-vcommand allows the correct positioning of labels along the shaft of arrows.
|
|
This feature is sometimes necessary, when the default position of a label
|
|
would otherwise clutter the picture, or would even coincide with other
|
|
items, such as the intersection of the arrows in the figure below.
|
|
In order to shift a label position alongside the shaft of an arrow,
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
allows to prefix the label by a decimal number in parentheses, specifying
|
|
the fraction of distance alongside the arrow where the label is to be placed.
|
|
For instance, the code
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[r]|(0.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
varphi
|
|
\family default
|
|
, will place the label on the shaft, but only about one third of the way.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Doing the same with labels above or below arrows as
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]^(0.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
varphi,
|
|
\family default
|
|
respectively
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[ur]_(0.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi
|
|
\family default
|
|
, does not work from inside LyX.
|
|
Instead, one has to replace the hat-symbol ^, resp.
|
|
the underscore _ , by the macros
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sp
|
|
\family default
|
|
, resp.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sb
|
|
\family default
|
|
, obtaining
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sp(0.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
varphi
|
|
\family default
|
|
and
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[ur]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sb(0.3)
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi.
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
It is, in fact, possible to enter several labels this way and those labels
|
|
are placed correctly, even if the arrow bends.
|
|
In the following figure, the bending arrow with its four labels has been
|
|
produced with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@(r,r)[d]
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sp(0.2){
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi_{1}}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sp(0.4){
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi_{2}}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sb(0.6){
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi_{3}}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
sp(0.8){
|
|
\backslash
|
|
phi_{4}}.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \[
|
|
\xyC {4pc}\xymatrix{\bullet\ar [dr]\sp (0.3)\varphi & \circ\ar @{}[d]|\vdots\ar @(r,r)[d]\sp (0.2){\phi_{1}}\sp (0.4){\phi_{2}}\sb (0.6){\phi_{3}}\sp (0.8){\phi_{4}}\\
|
|
\circ\ar [ur]\sb (0.3)\phi & \bullet}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Invisible stretched arrows
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A more general trick uses invisible arrows to place any object almost anywhere
|
|
inside a diagram.
|
|
Produce an invisible arrow, shorten (or prolong) it past its goal by adding
|
|
a decimal stretching ratio, e.g.
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
(0.6)
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
(1.4)
|
|
\family default
|
|
to its path.
|
|
Attach a label to this invisible arrow.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Thus, the down pointing arrow with its label
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
at (0.3) of its way along the shaft might as well have been produced by
|
|
adding to the regular arrow
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar[dr]
|
|
\family default
|
|
an invisible
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
-labelled arrow
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
ar@{}[dr(0.6)]^
|
|
\backslash
|
|
varphi
|
|
\family default
|
|
, reaching only 0.6 of the way.
|
|
Its label will now appear at 0.3 of the way of the original visible arrow.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
This workaround has two minor drawbacks: First, it does not work with bending
|
|
arrows.
|
|
Secondly, prolonging an invisible arrow beyond the normal dimension of
|
|
the figure will invisibly extend the figure box, and thereby cause too
|
|
much vertical space between the figure and the preceding or the following
|
|
paragraph.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Nevertheless, invisible arrows are an important tool, since they can, in
|
|
principle, be used to place information at any chosen place in a diagram.
|
|
In the above figure, for instance, we have used an invisible arrow to carry
|
|
the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
vdots
|
|
\family default
|
|
as label and at the earlier figure we had used an invisible arrow to carry
|
|
the text
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
horizontal stretch
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
into the center of the figure.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Bibliography
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
|
|
LatexCommand bibitem
|
|
label "1"
|
|
key "xypic manual"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Kristoffer H.
|
|
Rose:
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
Xy
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
-Pic User's Guide
|
|
\emph default
|
|
.
|
|
Version 3.7, Feb.
|
|
16, 1999.
|
|
Available as part of the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
xypic
|
|
\family default
|
|
LaTeX package.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Bibliography
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
|
|
LatexCommand bibitem
|
|
label "2"
|
|
key "instant-preview"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Flex URL
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/preview-latex.html
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Bibliography
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
|
|
LatexCommand bibitem
|
|
label "3"
|
|
key "xypic"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Flex URL
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/xypic.html
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Bibliography
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
|
|
LatexCommand bibitem
|
|
label "4"
|
|
key "AUCTeX"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Flex URL
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_body
|
|
\end_document
|