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#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 614
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\pdf_title "Introduction to LyX"
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\author -584632292 "Richard Kimberly Heck"
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
Introduction to \SpecialChar LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
by the \SpecialChar LyX
Team
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
If you have comments on or corrections to this documentation,
please send them to the \SpecialChar LyX
Documentation mailing list:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset toc
LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
The Philosophy of \SpecialChar LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
What is \SpecialChar LyX
?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
is a document preparation system.
It excels at letting you create complex technical and scientific articles with mathematics,
cross-references,
bibliographies,
indexes,
etc.
It is very good for working with documents of any length in which the usual processing abilities are required:
automatic sectioning and pagination,
spell checking and so forth.
It can also be used to write a letter to your mom,
though granted,
there are probably simpler programs available for that.
It is definitely not the best tool for creating banners,
flyers,
or advertisements (we'll explain why later),
though with some effort all these can be done,
too.
Here are some examples of what it is used for:
memos,
letters,
dissertations and theses,
lecture notes,
seminar notebooks,
conference proceedings,
software documentation,
books,
articles in refereed scientific journals,
scripts for plays and movies,
business proposals,
presentations \SpecialChar ldots
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
is a program that provides a modern approach to writing documents with a computer by using a markup language paradigm,
an approach that breaks with the obsolete tradition of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
typewriter concept
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
It is designed for authors who want professional output quickly with a minimum of effort and without becoming specialists in typesetting.
The job of typesetting is done mostly by the computer,
not the author;
with \SpecialChar LyX
,
the author can concentrate on the contents of his writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Part of the initial challenge of using \SpecialChar LyX
comes from the change in thinking that you,
the user,
must make.
At one time,
all we had for creating documents were typewriters,
so we all learned certain tricks to get around their limitations.
Underlining,
which is little more than overstriking with the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
_
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
character,
became a way to emphasize text.
You were forced to figure out column sizes and tab stops,
and set them,
before creating a table.
The same applied for letters and other right justified text.
Hyphenation at the end of a line required a careful eye and a lot of foresight.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In other words,
we've all been trained to worry about the little details of which character goes where.
Consequently,
almost all word processors have this mentality.
They still use tab stops for adding whitespace.
You still need to worry about exactly where on the page something will appear.
Emphasizing text means changing a font,
similar to changing the typewriter wheel.
This is the underlying philosophy of a WYSIWYG word processor:
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
What You See Is What You Get
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
Unfortunately,
that paradigm often results in
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
What You See Is All You Get
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This is where \SpecialChar LyX
differs from an ordinary word processor.
You don't concern yourself with what character goes where.
You tell \SpecialChar LyX
\emph on
what you're doing
\emph default
and \SpecialChar LyX
takes care of the rest,
following a set of rules called a
\emph on
style
\emph default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
To be fair,
most recent versions of the most popular office suites now have some sort of style sheets which follow a similar markup method.
However,
our experience is that they are still rarely used in practice.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Let's look at a little example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Suppose you are writing a report.
To begin your report,
you want a section called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Introduction\SpecialChar endofsentence
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
So,
you go into whatever menu it is in your word processor that changes font sizes and decide on a new font size.
Then you turn on bold face.
Then you type,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
1.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Introduction
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
Of course,
if you later decide that this section belongs someplace else in the document or if you insert a new section before it,
you need to change the numbering for this and all following sections,
as well as any entry in the table of contents.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In \SpecialChar LyX
,
you go to the pull-down on the far left of the button bar and select
\family sans
Section
\family default
,
and type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Introduction
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Yes,
that's all.
If you cut and paste the section,
it will automatically be renumbered —
everywhere.
And if you enter references to that section correctly (by inserting cross-reference tags),
\SpecialChar LyX
will automatically update them all throughout the file so that you never,
ever type a section number.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Now let's look at the problem of consistency.
Five days later,
you reopen your report and start Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
4.
However,
you forget that you were using 18
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt bold instead of 16
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt,
so you type in the heading for Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
4 in a different font from the one you used for Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
1.
That problem doesn't even exist in \SpecialChar LyX
.
The computer takes care of all that silly bookkeeping about which thing has what size font,
not you.
After all,
that's what a computer is good at.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Here's another example.
Suppose you're making a list.
In other word processors,
a list is just a bunch of tab stops and newlines.
You need to figure out where to put the label for each list item,
what that label should be,
how many blank lines to put between each item,
and so on.
Under \SpecialChar LyX
,
you have only two concerns:
what kind of list is this,
and what do I want to put in it?
That is it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
So,
the basic idea behind \SpecialChar LyX
is:
specify
\emph on
what
\emph default
you're doing,
not
\emph on
how
\emph default
to do it.
Instead of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
What You See Is What You Get,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
the \SpecialChar LyX
model is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
What You See Is What You
\emph on
Mean
\emph default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
WYSIWYM.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
It's a powerful idea that greatly simplifies the mechanics of writing documents.
This is also why \SpecialChar LyX
isn't so good for creating posters and flyers.
In this case,
you
\emph on
do
\emph default
want to specify exactly where everything goes,
because there are no functional units like paragraphs,
sections,
etc.
This doesn't mean \SpecialChar LyX
is missing some cool function.
It simply means that it isn't the right tool for the job —
you don't use a screwdriver to drive in nails.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Differences between \SpecialChar LyX
and Other Word Processors
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Here's a list of things you won't find in \SpecialChar LyX
:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
The document ruler
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Tab stops
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Extra whitespace (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
hitting
\family sans
Enter
\family default
or
\family sans
Space
\family default
two or more times)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Tab stops,
along with a ruler showing you the position of things on the page,
are useless in \SpecialChar LyX
.
The program worries about where things go on the page,
not you.
Extra whitespace is similar;
\SpecialChar LyX
adds it where necessary,
depending on context.
Not being able to type two blank lines in a row will be annoying at first,
but it makes more sense once you're thinking in WYSIWYM terms.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Here are some things that exist in \SpecialChar LyX
,
but aren't used as you might think:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Indenting controls
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Page breaks
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Line spacing (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
single spaced,
double spaced,
etc.)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Whitespace,
horizontal and vertical
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Fonts and font sizes
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Typefaces (bold,
italic,
underline,
etc.)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Although they exist in \SpecialChar LyX
,
you generally don't need them.
\SpecialChar LyX
will take care of these things for you,
depending on what you're doing.
Different parts of the document are automatically set in a different typeface and font size.
Paragraph indenting is context dependent;
different types of paragraphs get indented differently.
Page breaks get handled automatically,
as well.
In general,
the space between lines,
between words,
and between paragraphs is variable,
set by \SpecialChar LyX
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
There are ways to adjust all of these (only some of which require knowledge of \SpecialChar LaTeX
),
either for a whole document or for a specific location in a document.
See the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
and/or the
\emph on
Additional Features
\emph default
manual for details.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Lastly,
there are a few areas where we believe \SpecialChar LyX
(and \SpecialChar LaTeX
) surpasses many word processors:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Hyphenation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Lists of any type
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Mathematics
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Tables
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Cross-referencing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Granted,
many modern word processors can handle mathematical symbols,
tables,
and hyphenation,
and many have moved towards style definitions and the WYSIWYM concept.
However,
they've only recently been able to do so,
whereas \SpecialChar LyX
is built upon the \SpecialChar LaTeX
document preparation system.
\SpecialChar LaTeX
has been around since 1985,
and
\emph on
works
\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
What is \SpecialChar LaTeX
?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LaTeX
is a document preparation system designed by Leslie Lamport in 1985.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The source for the info in this section is
\emph on
A Guide to \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
\emph default
,
by Helmut Kopka and Patrick Daly,
which has an entry in the bibliography of the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\end_inset
It was built up from a typesetting language called \SpecialChar TeX
,
created by Donald Knuth in 1984.
\SpecialChar TeX
takes a sequence of typesetting commands,
written in a script in an ASCII file,
and executes them.
Many of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
tricks
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
of the printing trade were modeled by Knuth as computer algorithms and incorporated into \SpecialChar TeX
,
hence its excellent printed appearance.
What comes directly out of \SpecialChar TeX
is the portable document format
\emph on
pdf
\emph default
or the so-called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
device independent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
format file
\emph on
dvi
\emph default
.
The dvi format is often used for previews and can later be converted to other formats like PostScript.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar TeX
isn't only a typesetting engine;
it also allows you to define macros.
Most people who use \SpecialChar TeX
are actually using a macro package which Knuth created to hide a lot of the typesetting details.
This is where Leslie Lamport enters our story.
He wanted a macro package that was more user- and less typesetter-oriented,
with a set of commands that consistently typeset things like sections,
tables or math formulas in a uniform,
consistent fashion.
This is how \SpecialChar LaTeX
was born.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Now,
in parallel with the development and growth of \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
other folks were creating their own custom macro packages for \SpecialChar TeX
,
ones to make slides or articles for math journals and so on.
Some used the raw \SpecialChar TeX
facilities to do this,
others began modifying \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
To try and unify this mess,
a team of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-nicians began to work on \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
,
the current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
during the late 1980's.
This new version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
has commands which provide an easier-to-use interface to \SpecialChar TeX
's macro-creating commands,
aid in the use of new fonts,
and so on.
In fact,
\SpecialChar LaTeX
is quite an extensive language in its own right!
Users around the world have been creating their own add-ons for \SpecialChar LaTeX
beyond the standard ones.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
There are two ways to extend \SpecialChar LaTeX
:
classes and styles.
A
\emph on
class
\emph default
is a set of \SpecialChar LaTeX
macros describing a new type of document,
like a book,
or an article.
There are classes for slides,
for physics and math journals\SpecialChar ldots
many universities even have a class for their thesis format.
A
\emph on
style
\emph default
differs from a class in that it doesn't define a new type of document,
but a different type of
\emph on
behavior
\emph default
that any document can use.
For example,
\SpecialChar LyX
controls page margins and line spacing using two different \SpecialChar LaTeX
style-files designed for these purposes.
There are style-files for a whole slew of things:
printing labels or envelopes,
changing indentation behavior,
adding new fonts,
manipulating graphics,
designing fancy page headings,
customizing bibliographies,
altering the location and appearance of footnotes,
tables,
and figures,
customizing lists,
etc.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Here is a summary:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\SpecialChar TeX
:
Typesetting language with macro capability.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\SpecialChar LaTeX
:
Macro package built upon \SpecialChar TeX
\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
classes:
Descriptions of types of document used with \SpecialChar LaTeX
\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
styles:
Descriptions of the default behavior of particular elements of \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\SpecialChar LyX
:
Visual,
WYSIWYM document processor that uses \SpecialChar LaTeX
to do its typesetting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This section attempts to explain the difference between \SpecialChar LyX
and a word processor.
Simply put,
\SpecialChar LaTeX
is the difference.
By using \SpecialChar LaTeX
as its backend,
\SpecialChar LyX
helps you to think more about
\emph on
what
\emph default
(as in the
\emph on
words
\emph default
) you write.
The computer then handles
\emph on
how
\emph default
they should look.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Navigating the Documentation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To make it easier to answer your questions and describe all of the features of \SpecialChar LyX
,
the documentation has been split up into several different files.
Each one has its own purpose,
as described below.
Before you go ploughing into any of those files,
however,
you should read this chapter thoroughly,
since it contains a lot of useful information and commentary that can save you some time.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Hopefully,
the development of \SpecialChar LyX
will never stop;
so some of the documentation may be incomplete or a bit out of date,
though we try to keep up-to-date.
Like the rest of \SpecialChar LyX
,
the manuals are the work of a group of volunteers who have
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Real Jobs
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
families,
dishes to clean,
\emph on
et cetera
\emph default
.
If you want to help out,
be sure to read Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Contrib"
nolink "false"
\end_inset
in addition to the rest of this document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Also,
please do us a favor:
if anything in these manuals confuses you,
is unclear,
or wrong,
don't hesitate to let us know!
You can reach the current document maintainers by emailing
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"
\end_inset
.
\change_inserted -584632292 1610248366
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\change_inserted -584632292 1610248375
Where To Get Help
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you have questions that are not obviously answered in the documentation and need help fast,
there is an active users' mailing list which you can reach at
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-users@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"
\end_inset
.
\change_inserted -584632292 1610248524
You do not have to register to post,
but you may wish to do so.
See
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "the LyX website"
target "https://www.lyx.org/MailingLists"
literal "false"
\end_inset
for further information.
LyX also has a
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/"
literal "false"
\end_inset
that will answer many questions about how to get LyX to do various things.
\change_unchanged
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
The Format of the Manuals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Some of you may have printed out the manuals.
Others may be reading them within \SpecialChar LyX
.
There are some differences between the \SpecialChar LyX
-file and the printed version.
In \SpecialChar LyX
,
the title is simply at the top of the document,
not formatted on a separate page as in some of the printed versions.
Nor are any of the footnotes or the Table of Contents fully visible.
To open a footnote,
which looks like this:
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/footnote.png
scale 95
\end_inset
,
click on it with the left mouse button.
For the Table of Contents,
either click on the grey box or click on the
\family sans
Navigate
\family default
menu,
where the contents are displayed automatically\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In the printed manuals,
all cross-references appear as the actual numbers for a chapter,
section,
subsection,
and so on.
In the \SpecialChar LyX
-file,
however,
all cross-references appear as light-grey boxes like the following:
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/reference.png
scale 95
\end_inset
.
If you click on such a box with the left mouse button,
a dialog box will appear containing a list of all the cross-references in the document.
You can go to the referenced section by right-clicking on the box or by clicking the button
\family sans
Go
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
to
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Label
\family default
in the opened dialog.
Going back to where you came from is just as easy.
Click on
\family sans
Go
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Back
\family default
to go back to your earlier location.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Now that we've cleared up some of the differences between the printed and \SpecialChar LyX
-file versions of this file,
we can start looking at the format of this document.
You'll occasionally notice things in different fonts:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\emph on
Emphasized Style
\emph default
is used for general emphasis,
generic arguments,
book titles,
names of sections of other manuals,
and notes from the authors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
Typewriter
\family default
is used for program and file names,
\SpecialChar LyX
code and functions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
Sans Serif
\family default
is used for menu,
button,
or dialog box names,
and the names of keyboard keys.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\noun on
Noun Style
\noun default
is used for people's names.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\series bold
Bold
\series default
is used for \SpecialChar LaTeX
code
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
When we do need to reference keys,
we'll use the following prefixing convention:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Ctrl+
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
indicates the
\family sans
Control
\family default
key.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Shift+
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
indicates the
\family sans
Shift
\family default
key.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Alt+
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
indicates the
\family sans
Alt
\family default
(
\family sans
Meta
\family default
) key.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
F1
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\SpecialChar ldots
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
F12
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
are the function keys.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Esc
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is the escape key.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Left
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Right
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Up
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Down
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
:
self-explanatory.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Insert
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Delete
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Home
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
End
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
PageUp
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
PageDown
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
:
these are the 6
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
keys that appear above the cursor keys on many PC keyboards.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
PageUp
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
PageDown
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
are called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Prior
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Next
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
on some keyboards.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
Return
\family default
and
\family sans
Enter
\family default
both refer to the same key.
Some keyboards label the
\family sans
Return
\family default
key as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Return,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
others as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Enter,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
still others have two keys.
\SpecialChar LyX
treats all of them as the same key,
so we'll use
\family sans
Return
\family default
and
\family sans
Enter
\family default
interchangeably.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The list with the currently set shortcuts can be found in the
\family sans
Help
\family default
menu under
\family sans
Shortcuts
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Units used in the Manuals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To understand the units described in this documentation,
Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "tab:Units"
nolink "false"
\end_inset
explains all units available in \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement document
alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "tab:Units"
\end_inset
Units
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
name/description
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
millimeter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
centimeter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
in
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
inch (1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
in = 2.54
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pt
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
point (72.27
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt = 1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
in)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pc
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pica (1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pc = 12
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sp
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
scaled point (65536
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
sp = 1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
bp
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
big point (72
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
bp = 1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
in)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dd
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
didot (72
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
dd
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
\end_inset
37.6
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cc
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cicero (1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cc = 12
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
dd)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Scale%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of original image width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
text%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of text width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
col%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of column width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
page%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of paper width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
line%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of line width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
theight%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of text height
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pheight%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of paper height
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
ex
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
height of letter
\emph on
x
\emph default
in current font
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
em
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
width of letter
\emph on
M
\emph default
in current font
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
math unit (1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mu = 1/18
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
em)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
The Manuals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The following list describes the contents of the basic documentation files that you find in the
\family sans
Help
\family default
menu:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Introduction This file.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Tutorial If you are new to \SpecialChar LyX
,
and have never used \SpecialChar LaTeX
before,
you should start here.
If you have used \SpecialChar LaTeX
before,
you should still read the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
,
starting with the section on
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\SpecialChar LyX
for \SpecialChar LaTeX
users.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
(Skimming through the rest of the document wouldn't hurt,
either.)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
User's
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Guide The primary documentation.
We'll cover
\emph on
most
\emph default
of the basic operation and available features of \SpecialChar LyX
here.
The main manual assumes that you have read the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Objects Extension of the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
Documents in detail how to use tables,
graphics,
floats,
notes,
program listings and boxes.
It also includes many tricks of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
masters.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Math Extension of the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
Documents in detail how to typeset any kind of formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Additional
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Features Extension of the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
Documents how to use raw \SpecialChar LaTeX
commands,
additional layouts and special-purpose editing features.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Customization A description of advanced \SpecialChar LyX
features,
including how to customize the overall behavior of \SpecialChar LyX
\SpecialChar endofsentence
This includes such things as keybindings,
internationalization and configuration files.
It also includes information about layout files,
which are needed to get \SpecialChar LyX
to support \SpecialChar LaTeX
classes or packages.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Shortcuts Tables of the currently defined \SpecialChar LyX
shortcuts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\SpecialChar LaTeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Configuration A report produced by \SpecialChar LyX
about your system.
This file contains information on what \SpecialChar LyX
learned about your installation.
Check it to see if you're missing something you might like to have.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
These files will reference one another as necessary.
For example,
the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
contains
\emph on
some
\emph default
information on installation and customization,
but refers the reader to the
\emph on
Customization Manual
\emph default
for more information.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
We'll state again an important point:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
If you are new to \SpecialChar LyX
,
read the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
.
Now\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Otherwise,
you could needlessly frustrate yourself.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Contributing to the \SpecialChar LyX
Project
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Contrib"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Contributing to \SpecialChar LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
is mostly written in C++ (the \SpecialChar LaTeX
importer is written in Python).
It is a large project,
and as a result it is not free from bugs,
or the need for improvements in the source code.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Reporting a bug
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
While using \SpecialChar LyX
,
you may find behavior which you consider a bug.
Crashes,
though rare,
can happen.
User interface problems are considered major bugs by the \SpecialChar LyX
team:
especially helpful are indications of parts of the \SpecialChar LyX
interface you find confusing,
or unclear.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
has a bug tracking system,
which you can find at
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/wiki/BugTrackerHome"
\end_inset
.
You should check the bug tracker before reporting any bugs,
in case it has already been reported.
If you have a comment on an existing bug,
or wish to report a new bug,
you may either use the bug tracker,
or send an e-mail to the development mailing list,
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"
\end_inset
.
Archives of this list are linked from the main \SpecialChar LyX
website,
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://www.lyx.org"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
A useful bug report will at a minimum include the version of \SpecialChar LyX
you are having the problem with.
Accurate,
detailed descriptions are preferred —
the more time developers have to spend to pinpoint the source of a bug,
the less time they have for other improvements.
Mention the system and system version on which you are running \SpecialChar LyX
.
Give the versions of the libraries you have installed on your system,
and,
if relevant,
the versions of external programs that \SpecialChar LyX
uses.
If it's a compilation or configuration problem,
include the file
\family typewriter
config.log
\family default
,
and mention which compiler you are using.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Contributing fixes and new features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you have made changes to \SpecialChar LyX
's source that you think should become part of \SpecialChar LyX
,
send your changes as a diff file (in unified format) to the development list referenced above,
along with a change log,
and a description of what your patch does.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Contributing to the Documentation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
's documentation is extensive;
however \SpecialChar LyX
is under constant development,
and each new release adds new features.
You may find some documentation needs improvement.
This section describes what to do if you find an error,
or have some suggestions for improving the documentation.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Reporting Errors in the Manuals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you find a problem with the documentation,
send a message to the mailing list
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"
\end_inset
.
The documentation team will make any necessary fixes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Joining the Documentation Team.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LyX
Documentation Project,
like anything else in the \SpecialChar LyX
project,
can always use assistance!
If you're interested in contributing to the Documentation Project,
you need to do the following:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Get the latest \SpecialChar LyX
source code from
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxgit/lib/doc?rev=master "
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Next,
read the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
and the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
The point of this exercise is to give you ideas.
The
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
and
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
are likely to be the most up-to-date of all of the documentation.
You should be able to glean some insights into how we want the manuals to read and to look.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Contact the team at:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
to discuss your intended changes and to get some feedback on them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The changes you wish to make may range from improving clarity of the text,
to doing major re-structuring of the documentation.
Any and all improvements are gladly received.
\end_layout
\end_body
\end_document
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