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1054 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
1054 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 413
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\textclass article
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\begin_preamble
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\usepackage{multicol}
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\end_preamble
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\use_default_options false
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\maintain_unincluded_children false
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\language english
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\spacing single
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\use_amsmath 0
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\use_esint 0
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\use_mhchem 1
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\use_mathdots 1
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\cite_engine basic
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\paperorientation portrait
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\use_refstyle 0
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\index Index
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\shortcut idx
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\color #008000
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\end_index
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\secnumdepth 3
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\tocdepth 3
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\paragraph_separation indent
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\paragraph_indentation default
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\quotes_language english
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\papercolumns 1
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Multiple Columns
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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by
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\noun on
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Lars Gullik Bjønnes
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Purpose
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The aim for this chapter is to show how the LaTeX-package
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\series bold
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multicol
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\series default
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can be used in a LyX document.
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As LyX doesn't support the
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\series bold
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multicol
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\series default
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package natively yet, we have to use some small hacks.
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By reading this section it should be obvious how to do this.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Limitations
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The
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\series bold
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multicol
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\series default
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package allows switching between one and multicolumn format on the same
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page.
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Footnotes are handled correctly (for the most part), but will be placed
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at the bottom of the page and not under each column.
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LaTeX's float mechanism, however, is partly disabled in the current implementat
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ion.
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At the moment only page-wide floats can be used within the scope of the
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environment.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Examples
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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To get multiple columns, you have to load
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\series bold
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multicol
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\series default
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in the LaTeX preamble of your document with this line:
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\series bold
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\backslash
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usepackage{multicol}
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Two columns
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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If you want to have two columns in your text, you have use LaTeX mode to
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insert
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\series bold
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\series default
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at the point where you want the two column layout to start, and then
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\series bold
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\series default
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where you want it to end.
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Like this:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\noindent
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\series bold
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\size small
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The Adventure of the Empty House
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\series default
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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by
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\noun on
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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested, and
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the fashionable world dismayed, by the murder of the Honourable Ronald
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Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances.
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The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came
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out in the police investigation, but a good deal was suppressed upon that
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occasion, since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong
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that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts.
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Only now, at the end of nearly ten years, am I allowed to supply those
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missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain.
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The crime was of interest in itself, but that interest was as nothing to
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me compared to the inconceivable sequel, which afforded me the greatest
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shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life.
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Even now, after this long interval, I find myself thrilling as I think
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of it, and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy, amazement, and increduli
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ty which utterly submerged my mind.
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Let me say to that public, which has shown some interest in those glimpses
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which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very
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remarkable man, that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge
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with them, for I should have considered it my first duty to do so, had
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I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips, which was
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only withdrawn upon the third of last month.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Multiple columns
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The same pattern is used when you want more than two columns.
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(You can have more than 3
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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columns if you want , but that might not be very pleasant for the eye.)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{3}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested
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me deeply in crime, and that after his disappearance I never failed to
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read with care the various problems which came before the public.
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And I even attempted, more than once, for my own private satisfaction,
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to employ his methods in their solution, though with indifferent success.
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There was none, however, which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald
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Adair.
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As I read the evidence at the inquest, which led up to a verdict of willful
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murder against some person or persons unknown, I realized more clearly
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than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the
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death of Sherlock Holmes.
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There were points about this strange business which would, I was sure,
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have specially appealed to him, and the efforts of the police would have
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been supplemented, or more probably anticipated, by the trained observation
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and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe.
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All day, as I drove upon my round, I turned over the case in my mind and
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found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate.
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At the risk of telling a twice-told tale, I will recapitulate the facts
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as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Columns inside columns
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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You can even have columns inside columns:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth,
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at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies.
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Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for
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cataract, and she, her son Ronald, and her daughter Hilda were living together
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at 427 Park Lane.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace -2ex
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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The youth moved in the best society--had, so far as was known, no enemies
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and no particular vices.
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He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley, of Carstairs, but the engagement
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had been broken off by mutual consent some months before, and there was
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no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it.
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For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle,
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for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional.
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Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came, in most
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strange and unexpected form, between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty
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on the night of March 30, 1894.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size footnotesize
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Ronald Adair was fond of cards--playing continually, but never for such
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stakes as would hurt him.
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He was a member of the Baldwin, the Cavendish, and the Bagatelle card clubs.
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It was shown that, after dinner on the day of his death, he had played
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a rubber of whist at the latter club.
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He had also played there in the afternoon.
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\size default
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\size footnotesize
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The evidence of those who had played with him-- Mr.
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Murray, Sir John Hardy, and Colonel Moran--showed that the game was whist,
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and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards.
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Adair might have lost five pounds, but not more.
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His fortune was a considerable one, and such a loss could not in any way
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affect him.
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He had played nearly every day at one club or other, but he was a cautious
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player, and usually rose a winner.
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It came out in evidence that, in partnership with Colonel Moran, he had
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actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting, some
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weeks before, from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral.
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So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Advanced Examples
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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As you probably know
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\series bold
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multicol
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\series default
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has several customizing variables.
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The following examples shows how these can be used from LyX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Preface and Skip
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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If there is less than 5cm left on the page, a page break will be inserted
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before this bit, which has a preface text above the two columns:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}[
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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And the story continues and continues and continues and continues\SpecialChar \ldots{}
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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][5cm]
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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On the evening of the crime, he returned from the club exactly at ten.
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His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation.
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The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second
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floor, generally used as his sitting-room.
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She had lit a fire there, and as it smoked she had opened the window.
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No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty, the hour of the return
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of Lady Maynooth and her daughter.
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Desiring to say good-night, she attempted to enter her son's room.
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The door was locked on the inside, and no answer could be got to their
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cries and knocking.
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Help was obtained, and the door forced.
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The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table.
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His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet, but
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no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room.
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On the table lay two bank notes for ten pounds each and seventeen pounds
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ten in silver and gold, the money arranged in little piles of varying amount.
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There were some figures also upon a sheet of paper, with the names of some
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club friends opposite to them, from which it was conjectured that before
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his death he was endeavouring to make out his losses or winnings at cards.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Preface and sections
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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What if you want the preface to be a sectioning command? That can be done,
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but only through LaTeX commands inside the parameters for the
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\family typewriter
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multicols
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\family default
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command.
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Because of this, the section command cannot be provided by LyX:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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begin{multicols}{2}[
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\backslash
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subsubsection{
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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This is the sectioning command as a preface
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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}][5cm]
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\size small
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A minute examination of the circumstances served only to make the case more
|
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complex.
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In the first place, no reason could be given why the young man should have
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fastened the door upon the inside.
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There was the possibility that the murderer had done this, and had afterwards
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escaped by the window.
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The drop was at least twenty feet, however, and a bed of crocuses in full
|
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bloom lay beneath.
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Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed,
|
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nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated
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the house from the road.
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Apparently, therefore, it was the young man himself who had fastened the
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door.
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But how did he come by his death? No one could have climbed up to the window
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without leaving traces.
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Suppose a man had fired through the window, he would indeed be a remarkable
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shot who could with a revolver inflict so deadly a wound.
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Again, Park Lane is a frequented thoroughfare; there is a cab stand within
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a hundred yards of the house.
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No one had heard a shot.
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And yet there was the dead man and there the revolver bullet, which had
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mushroomed out, as soft-nosed bullets will, and so inflicted a wound which
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must have caused instantaneous death.
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Such were the circumstances of the Park Lane Mystery, which were further
|
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complicated by entire absence of motive, since, as I have said, young Adair
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was not known to have any enemy, and no attempt had been made to remove
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the money or valuables in the room.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
|
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end{multicols}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
|
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|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Free Space
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The
|
|
\series bold
|
|
multicol
|
|
\series default
|
|
package demands that a certain amount of space is available before and
|
|
after a multicolumn section.
|
|
In addition
|
|
\series bold
|
|
multicol
|
|
\series default
|
|
inserts a given space in front of and after the multicol section.
|
|
The commands to change the default settings for this must be given just
|
|
before the
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
begin{multicols}
|
|
\series default
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|
.
|
|
This example puts a space of 3
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
cm in front of and after the multicolumn text:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
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\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
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setlength{
|
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\backslash
|
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multicolsep}{3cm}
|
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\backslash
|
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begin{multicols}{2}
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\end_layout
|
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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|
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|
\size small
|
|
All day I turned these facts over in my mind, endeavouring to hit upon some
|
|
theory which could reconcile them all, and to find that line of least resistanc
|
|
e which my poor friend had declared to be the starting-point of every investigat
|
|
ion.
|
|
I confess that I made little progress.
|
|
In the evening I strolled across the Park, and found myself about six o'clock
|
|
at the Oxford Street end of Park Lane.
|
|
A group of loafers upon the pavements, all staring up at a particular window,
|
|
directed me to the house which I had come to see.
|
|
A tall, thin man with coloured glasses, whom I strongly suspected of being
|
|
a plain-clothes detective, was pointing out some theory of his own, while
|
|
the others crowded round to listen to what he said.
|
|
I got as near him as I could, but his observations seemed to me to be absurd,
|
|
so I withdrew again in some disgust.
|
|
As I did so I struck against an elderly, deformed man, who had been behind
|
|
me, and I knocked down several books which he was carrying.
|
|
I remember that as I picked them up, I observed the title of one of them,
|
|
THE ORIGIN OF TREE WORSHIP, and it struck me that the fellow must be some
|
|
poor bibliophile, who, either as a trade or as a hobby, was a collector
|
|
of obscure volumes.
|
|
I endeavoured to apologize for the accident, but it was evident that these
|
|
books which I had so unfortunately maltreated were very precious objects
|
|
in the eyes of their owner.
|
|
With a snarl of contempt he turned upon his heel, and I saw his curved
|
|
back and white side-whiskers disappear among the throng.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
end{multicols}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Paragraph
|
|
Note:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The values you set with
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength
|
|
\series default
|
|
must be reset to default after use, or you will get the modified value
|
|
in the rest of your document.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
multicolsep}{13pt}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Column Width and Separation
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The width of the columns inside the
|
|
\family sans
|
|
multicols
|
|
\family default
|
|
environment is automatically calculated, but you can modify the space between
|
|
two columns explicitly.
|
|
The space between the following two columns is 3
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
cm wide:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
columnsep}{3cm}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
begin{multicols}{2}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\size small
|
|
My observations of No.
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
427 Park Lane did little to clear up the problem in which I was interested.
|
|
The house was separated from the street by a low wall and railing, the
|
|
whole not more than five feet high.
|
|
It was perfectly easy, therefore, for anyone to get into the garden, but
|
|
the window was entirely inaccessible, since there was no water pipe or
|
|
anything which could help the most active man to climb it.
|
|
More puzzled than ever, I retraced my steps to Kensington.
|
|
I had not been in my study five minutes when the maid entered to say that
|
|
a person desired to see me.
|
|
To my astonishment it was none other than my strange old book collector,
|
|
his sharp, wizened face peering out from a frame of white hair, and his
|
|
precious volumes, a dozen of them at least, wedged under his right arm.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
end{multicols}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Once again, we have to reset the value after use to avoid using it in the
|
|
rest of the document.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
columnsep}{10pt}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Vertical Lines
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Between every two columns, a rule of width
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
columnseprule
|
|
\series default
|
|
is placed.
|
|
If this rule is set to 0
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
pt, the rule is suppressed.
|
|
In the following example, the line separating the two columns is 2
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
pt wide.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
columnseprule}{2pt}
|
|
\backslash
|
|
begin{multicols}{2}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\size small
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
You're surprised to see me, sir,
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
said he, in a strange, croaking voice.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\size small
|
|
I acknowledged that I was.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\size small
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Well, I've a conscience, sir, and when I chanced to see you go into this
|
|
house, as I came hobbling after you, I thought to myself, I'll just step
|
|
in and see that kind gentleman, and tell him that if I was a bit gruff
|
|
in my manner there was not any harm meant, and that I am much obliged to
|
|
him for picking up my books.
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\size small
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
You make too much of a trifle,
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
said I.
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
May I ask how you knew who I was?
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\size small
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Well, sir, if it isn't too great a liberty, I am a neighbour of yours, for
|
|
you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street, and very
|
|
happy to see you, I am sure.
|
|
Maybe you collect yourself, sir.
|
|
Here's
|
|
\noun on
|
|
British
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Birds
|
|
\noun default
|
|
, and
|
|
\noun on
|
|
Catullus
|
|
\noun default
|
|
, and
|
|
\noun on
|
|
The Holy War
|
|
\noun default
|
|
--a bargain, every one of them.
|
|
With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
|
|
It looks untidy, does it not, sir?
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
end{multicols}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
As usual, we reset the value after use.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
columnseprule}{0pt}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
You'll have to go to the library to read the rest of the story.
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
or cheat like we did and find it at the Gutenberg project somewhere on the
|
|
Web.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Believe it or not, but it's actually a bit of a cliff-hanger at this point
|
|
in the story\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_body
|
|
\end_document
|