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https://git.lyx.org/repos/lyx.git
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git-svn-id: svn://svn.lyx.org/lyx/lyx-devel/branches/BRANCH_1_5_X@22653 a592a061-630c-0410-9148-cb99ea01b6c8
1800 lines
36 KiB
Plaintext
1800 lines
36 KiB
Plaintext
#LyX 1.5.4svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\lyxformat 276
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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\textclass article
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\language english
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\inputencoding latin1
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\font_roman default
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\font_sans default
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\font_typewriter default
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\font_default_family default
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\font_sc false
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\font_osf false
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\font_sf_scale 100
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\font_tt_scale 100
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\graphics default
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\paperfontsize default
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\spacing single
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\papersize default
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\use_geometry true
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\use_amsmath 0
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\use_esint 0
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\cite_engine basic
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\use_bibtopic false
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\paperorientation portrait
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\leftmargin 3cm
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\topmargin 2cm
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\rightmargin 3cm
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\bottommargin 3cm
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\secnumdepth 3
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\tocdepth 3
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\paragraph_separation indent
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\defskip medskip
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\quotes_language english
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\papercolumns 1
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\papersides 1
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\paperpagestyle default
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\tracking_changes false
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\output_changes false
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\author ""
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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LyX Frequently Asked Questions with Answers
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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by the LyX Team
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\begin_inset Foot
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status open
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\begin_layout Standard
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\noindent
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If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
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tion mailing list, <lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org>.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Abstract
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This is the list of Frequently Asked Questions for LyX, the Open Source
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document processor that provides a What-You-See-Is-What-You-Mean environment
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for producing high quality documents.
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For further help, you may wish to contact the LyX User Group mailing list
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at
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\family typewriter
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lyx-users@lists.lyx.org
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\family default
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\emph on
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after
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\emph default
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you have read through the docs.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Abstract
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\begin_inset LatexCommand tableofcontents
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Introduction and General Information
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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What is LyX?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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LyX is a program that provides a more modern approach to writing documents
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with a computer, an approach that breaks with the obsolete tradition of
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the
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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typewriter concept.
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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It is designed for authors who want professional output quickly with a
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minimum of effort without becoming specialists in typesetting.
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The job of typesetting is done mostly by the computer, not the author;
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with LyX, the author can concentrate on the contents of her writing.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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LyX provides an
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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almost-WYSIWYG
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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view of the document.
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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Almost
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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means that the line- and page-breaks are not displayed exactly as they
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will appear in the printed document.
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However, that's not really necessary, since LyX uses a separate typesetter
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program (called LaTeX) to perform the final formatting of your text.
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While LyX contains everything it needs to be a comfortable user interface,
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the typesetting program contains everything necessary to format text, and
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do so very, very well.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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So, line- and page-breaks aren't your problem anymore.
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Remembering which number to use for the next subsection isn't your problem
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anymore.
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Recalling what font you used for all of your section headings isn't your
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problem anymore.
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You tell LyX (and LaTeX) what
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\emph on
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kind
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\emph default
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of document you're editing and what
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\emph on
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type
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\emph default
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of paragraph this-or-that text is, the computer can typeset it accordingly.
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Of course you can also still do some low-level formatting for fine-tuning.
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However, the proper way with LyX is to tell the computer what the text
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\emph on
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is
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\emph default
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, not what it should look like.
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So, we like to say that LyX gives you WYSIWYM editing (What You See Is
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What You
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\emph on
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Mean
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\emph default
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).
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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That's fine, but is it useful?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Absolutely.
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The following type of documents have been produced with LyX:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Memos
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Letters
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Dissertations (260 pages in a single document, longer using include files)
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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for example,
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://www.fee.uva.nl/scholar/mdw/leuven/thesis.pdf"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Lecture notes (133 pages, 27 figures on a 33 MHz 486 machine!)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Seminar notebooks (500+ pages)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Conference proceedings (Proceedings of the Second Continental Workshop on
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the Geoid in Europe, (Finnish Geodetic Institute Report 98:4), 292 pages)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Software Documentation (the LyX User Guide is about 120 pages)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Books
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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see
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://www.postgresql.org/docs/awbook.html"
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\end_inset
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for an example on PostgreSQL
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Donnay, J-P., Barnsley, M.J., and Longley, P.A., eds., 2001, Remote Sensing and
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Urban Analysis (Taylor and Francis: London).
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Herbert Voss: Praktische Kryptologie mit Java 286 pages, lots of equations,
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tables, figures.
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ISBN 3-8311-1458-7
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Yann Collette and Patrick Siarry, Optimisation multiobjectifs, 2002, Eyrolles
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\end_layout
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Papers published in the following refereed journals:
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Astronomy & Astrophysics (Suetterlin, P.
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1998, A&A, 333, 305; Suetterlin, P.
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& Wiehr, E.
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1998, A&A, 336, 367)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Astronomical Journal (Ressler, M.
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E.
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& Barsony, M.
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2001, AJ, 121, 1098)
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\end_layout
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Novels (400+ page novel due out in September 2000; an 836 page novel is
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currently with an agent)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Scripts for plays and movies
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Business proposals for > $1 M (US)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Where do I start?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The website
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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is the first place to go for anything related to LyX.
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News, examples, downloads, and lots of other stuff is available there.
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After you have installed LyX and started it the first time, read the Tutorial
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(
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\family sans
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Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Tutorial
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\family default
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).
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Yes, I really mean that.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Another basic introductory guide may be found at
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.bilkent.edu.tr/~robin/lyxguide.pdf"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Does LyX run on my computer?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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At this time, you need to have the X Window system to run LyX.
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OS/2 and Win32 ports exist, but you need to have an Xserver installed and
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running on these systems.
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LyX is known to run on the following platforms (and probably a zillion
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others):
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Linux: RedHat 4.2, 5.0, 5.1, 6.0, 6.1, SUSE 5.x, Mandrake 7.0, 7.2
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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SparcLinux: RedHat 6.0
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Sun Solaris 2.6, 2.7
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Tru64 Unix 4.0f
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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HP-UX
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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OSF1 flore V4.0 1091 alpha
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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How much hard disk space does LyX need?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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On my system, the LyX binary consumes 2.0 MB of disk space, while the supporting
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files occupy another 12.6 MB (9.1 MB of which is consumed by the docs! You
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can delete the languages you don't care about to save some space).
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Of course, you do need to have something like teTeX installed which consumes
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a mere 115 MB, as well as ghostscript, which is another 10 MB!
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Is LyX really Open Source?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Yes.
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The freely available X toolkit that LyX uses, xforms, was until recently
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closed source.
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Also the other toolkit that LyX uses, Qt, although a proprietary product
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of Troll Tech, is used in its open source variant.
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The LyX source itself is available under the GPL, so it qualifies.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Version 1.0 of xforms is available under the LGPL and its sources (and binaries)
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can be found from
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://savannah.nongnu.org/download/xforms/xforms-1.0.tar.gz"
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\end_inset
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, which however requires some tinkering to get running.
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Qt tends to come with your distribution.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Internet Resources
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Where should I look on the World Wide Web for LyX stuff?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "bugzilla.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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, if you want to report a bug in LyX.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.devel.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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, if you are interested in the real blood and guts.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Known mirror sites include:
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\end_layout
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\begin_deeper
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\begin_layout Itemize
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.mx.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.no.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "www.it.lyx.org"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_deeper
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Where can I get LyX material by FTP?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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ftp.lyx.org in /pub/lyx (also known as ftp.via.ecp.fr)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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What mailing lists are there?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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lyx-announce@lists.lyx.org (very low volume), for announcements related to
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LyX
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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lyx-users@lists.lyx.org (medium volume), for general usage issues
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org (high volume), for development and debugging issues
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org (excruciatingly low volume), for documentation issues
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Generally, you would send email to lyx-foo-subscribe@lists.lyx.org to subscribe
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to these lists or to lyx-foo-unsubscribe@lists.lyx.org to unsubscribe, where
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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foo
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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is one of
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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announce
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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users
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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devel
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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, or
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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docs
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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; definitely see
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://www.lyx.org/internet/mailing.php3"
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\end_inset
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for the full details.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Are the mailing lists archived anywhere?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Yes.
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:-)
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Okay, wise guy! Where are they archived?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Announce:
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://www.mail-archive.com/lyx-announce@lists.lyx.org/"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Users:
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://www.mail-archive.com/lyx-users@lists.lyx.org/"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Devel:
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\begin_inset LatexCommand url
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target "http://www.mail-archive.com/lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org/"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Compatibility with other word/document processors
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Can I read/write LaTeX files?
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\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Standard
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Yes.
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|
LyX outputs LaTeX files that are either machine or human friendly.
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|
The
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\family typewriter
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|
tex2lyx
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\family default
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|
program that comes with LyX does a decent job of converting LaTeX into
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LyX.
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|
It's not perfect, but it will usually get at least 95% of the job done
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for you.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Can I read/write Word files?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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|
Not trivially.
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|
People have had some level of success with the following sequence: LyX
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|
\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
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\end_inset
|
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|
|
LaTeX
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
RTF
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Word, and vice versa.
|
|
However, Word is inherently not a markup language like LyX and LaTeX are,
|
|
so conversions are usually difficult and almost meaningless.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
However, here are a few suggestions which were sent in:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Description
|
|
word2x produces LaTeX, HTML and plain text output.
|
|
The LaTeX is importable in principle (and is rather clean) but I often
|
|
prefer plain text and add the formatting back in.
|
|
(This requires that you have knowledge on the original formatting).
|
|
On last writing did not yet handle Office 2000 Word.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Description
|
|
wvware (found at www.wvware.com, or the abisource CVS repository for the latest).
|
|
This was previously called msWordView.
|
|
Very good, only tends to produce visually formatted LaTeX/HTML.
|
|
Is however highly configurable: a config file
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
wvLaTeX.xml
|
|
\family default
|
|
guides the translation process.
|
|
Handles also the newest Office formats.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Description
|
|
Ted This is the editor to use when someone sends you an RTF file created
|
|
by Word.
|
|
Fine product.
|
|
Mail yourself the converted version (plain text or HTML).
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Finally, when all else fails, use any word processor (WordPerfect, StarOffice/Op
|
|
enOffice, ...) which understands Word.
|
|
Then export as the file as plain text and add the formatting by hand in
|
|
LyX.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
For me personally, at least, it's faster doing this than cleaning up attempts
|
|
at a conversion, though it is certainly unsatisfactory if you need to go
|
|
back and forth a lot.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Can I read/write HTML files?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
You can output HTML files using the
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
tth
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
converter program, amongst others.
|
|
There may be a HTML
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
LaTeX program available which allows you to convert the other direction.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Obtaining and Compiling LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
What do I need?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
LyX source code: lyx-1.x.x.tar.gz
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
XForms library: xforms-0.88 or higher (using the latest version available
|
|
is recommended)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
A LaTeX installation: we strongly recommend teTeX-1.0 or higher
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
A PostScript® interpreter: ghostscript 7.0 or higher
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
A modern C++ compiler.
|
|
If you are using gcc, LyX requires at least version 2.95.2.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
How do I compile it?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
./configure
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
make
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
make install (usually as root, though you don't have to be if you add flags
|
|
to the configure command)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
See the INSTALL file for more details.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
I hate compiling.
|
|
Where are precompiled binaries?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Most of the above packages are available as precompiled binaries for a variety
|
|
of Linux systems, perhaps others as well.
|
|
The LyX binaries are available as RPMS and a few other formats and may
|
|
be obtained from
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand url
|
|
target "ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/lyx/bin/"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Questions about Evil Red Text (IMPORTANT!)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
What is Evil Red Text (aka ERT)?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
ERT (Evil Red Text) refers to raw LaTeX commands which are inserted into
|
|
your LyX document.
|
|
Certain troglodytes in the development group coined this term when they
|
|
complained about the unsightly appearance it leads to in LyX documents.
|
|
The more enlightened among us know that it is extremely useful, even though
|
|
it does qualify as URT (Ugly Red Text), but ERT seems to have stuck.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
How do I enter Evil Red Text?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Aesthetic arguments aside, many of the answers in this FAQ require that
|
|
you use ERT, so whenever we say
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
insert the following LaTeX code
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, do the following
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
Click the TeX toolbar button or select
|
|
\family sans
|
|
\bar under
|
|
I
|
|
\bar default
|
|
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
|
|
\bar under
|
|
T
|
|
\bar default
|
|
eX
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
Type the command as it is written in the normal way
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
The new ERT inset is really inconvenient !
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A lot of people have been complaining about the ERT inset introduced in
|
|
version 1.2.0.
|
|
However, since there is little hope of to see the old LaTeX font return
|
|
from the grave (it was really a hack), here are a couple of things to ponder:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
You can collapse the ERT like any other floats by using
|
|
\family sans
|
|
\bar under
|
|
E
|
|
\bar default
|
|
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Open/C
|
|
\bar under
|
|
l
|
|
\bar default
|
|
ose float
|
|
\family default
|
|
(bound to
|
|
\family sans
|
|
C-i
|
|
\family default
|
|
by default)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Itemize
|
|
You can also set it to
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
inlined
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
by using the properties dialog obtained by right-clicking anywhere in the
|
|
inset
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Is there an alternative?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
LaTeX commands can also be inserted in the
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
LaTeX Preamble
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, a form in LyX that is inserted verbatim into the LaTeX file which is generated
|
|
during processing.
|
|
This is especially useful for including nonstandard LaTeX packages, defining
|
|
global shortcuts to be used within the document, etc.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Questions Related to Using LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
In this section, we attempt to address the truly most frequently asked questions.
|
|
For a broader range of not-so-frequently asked questions and many
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
how do I?
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
topics, see Herbert Voss' spectacular collection at
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand url
|
|
target "http://tug.org/TeXnik/"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
You are doing yourself a large disservice if you don't check there before
|
|
sending a message to the mailing lists!
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
General questions
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I get rid of the date under the title?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The simplest solution is to open the menu
|
|
\family sans
|
|
\bar under
|
|
L
|
|
\bar default
|
|
ayout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
P
|
|
\bar under
|
|
r
|
|
\bar default
|
|
eamble
|
|
\family default
|
|
and add the line
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
date{}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
in the preamble window.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I change the spacing in an Itemize/\SpecialChar \-
|
|
Enumerate/\SpecialChar \-
|
|
Description list environment
|
|
?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
You'll have to do this by hand: for example, for one particular list, you
|
|
can add the following LaTeX code at the beginning of the list:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
setlength{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
itemsep}{0mm}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I number equations by section?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Add the following two lines to your LaTeX preamble:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
@addtoreset{equation}{section}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
renewcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
theequation}{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
thesection.
|
|
\backslash
|
|
arabic{equation}}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Is it possible to do this for figures and tables as well?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Replace the phrase
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
theequation
|
|
\family default
|
|
with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
thetable
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
thefigure
|
|
\family default
|
|
and then replace
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
equation
|
|
\family default
|
|
with
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
table
|
|
\family default
|
|
or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
figure
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
Don't forget to adapt the
|
|
\backslash
|
|
@addtoreset command, too.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I change to footnote numbers to symbols (star, dagger, etc.)?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Add
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
renewcommand{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
thefootnote}{
|
|
\backslash
|
|
fnsymbol{footnote}}
|
|
\family default
|
|
to your LaTeX preamble.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I kill widows and orphans?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Okay, we are not playing Duke Nukem here! To eliminate widows and orphans
|
|
(first line from a paragraph at the bottom of the page and the last line
|
|
from a paragraph at the top of the page), add the following to the LaTeX
|
|
preamble:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
widowpenalty=10000
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
clubpenalty=10000
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
and perhaps
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
raggedbottom
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I get a formatted list which starts with e.g.
|
|
1.
|
|
a)?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
If you want a list which looks like
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
1.
|
|
a) First alternative
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
b) Second alternative
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
c) Third alternative
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
then try the following
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
1.
|
|
{}
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
a) First alternative
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
b) Second alternative
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
c) Third
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
where {} is in ERT (i.e.
|
|
a placeholder not generating output.
|
|
Specifically, set the style to
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
enumerate
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, enter the brackets in ERT, change the environment depth, and add the three
|
|
elements.
|
|
LyX will auto-label the entries.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I count words in LyX?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Run a spellcheck; it will display the total number of words checked.
|
|
Make sure the cursor is at the top of the document when you start the spellchec
|
|
ker so that everything is counted.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I insert a fixed amount of horizontal space?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
There are various ERT commands to use:
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
enspace
|
|
\family default
|
|
(1/2 em),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
thinspace
|
|
\family default
|
|
(1/6 em),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
negthinspace
|
|
\family default
|
|
(-1/6 em),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
quad
|
|
\family default
|
|
(1 em),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
qquad
|
|
\family default
|
|
(2 em),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
hspace{
|
|
\emph on
|
|
length
|
|
\emph default
|
|
}
|
|
\family default
|
|
, etc.
|
|
An
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
em
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
is roughly the width of the letter
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
m
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
in the current font.
|
|
The length argument of the
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
hspace
|
|
\family default
|
|
command is any valid TeX length; units can be
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
mm
|
|
\family default
|
|
(millimeters),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
cm
|
|
\family default
|
|
(centimeters),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
in
|
|
\family default
|
|
(inches),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
pt
|
|
\family default
|
|
(points = 1/72 inch),
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
em
|
|
\family default
|
|
(width of letter
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
m
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
), or
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
ex
|
|
\family default
|
|
(height of letter
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
x
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
).
|
|
Examples:
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
hspace{1in}
|
|
\family default
|
|
,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
hspace{2.5em}
|
|
\family default
|
|
, etc.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How can I make citations show up as [1,2,3,6] or [1-3,6] rather than [1][2][3][6
|
|
]?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Insert
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
usepackage{cite}
|
|
\family default
|
|
into the LaTeX preamble.
|
|
Most LaTeX distributions should have this package included.
|
|
LyX supports this package, if you insert multiple citations separated by
|
|
commas into the citation dialog, e.
|
|
g.
|
|
[Smalley_JCP,Jarrold_Sci], instead of just one citation after the other:
|
|
[Smalley_JCP] [Jarrold_Sci].
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Figure related questions
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
What is the difference between a
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
figure
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
and a
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
figure float
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
This is an example of less-than-ideal terminology.
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Figure
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
is what I would really call a
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
graphic
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
; it basically means insert a picture file.
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Figure float
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
is more what one means by a figure in a paper: it includes the graphic,
|
|
the caption, the figure label, etc.
|
|
You should almost always insert a figure float first, then put a figure
|
|
inside that.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Tables work in the same manner.
|
|
Put a table float in first, then insert the table within that.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I get LyX to put the figure exactly where I want it?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Select
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Document
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
In the
|
|
\family sans
|
|
Float Placement
|
|
\family default
|
|
box, type
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
!htp
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
This tells LaTeX to try really hard to put the figure here first, then
|
|
the top of a page, then on a page by itself.
|
|
This is a global setting: all figure will then obey this rule set.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
If you want to control how each figure behaves, right-click in the figure
|
|
float and you will get a dialog allowing to control the figure behavior.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
What does
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Too many unprocessed floats
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
mean?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
LaTeX can handle only a limited number of floating elements floating at
|
|
a given time.
|
|
For example, if Figure 4 can't be fit in a good location (using the default
|
|
rules of top of the page, then bottom, then a page of its own) and Figure
|
|
5 comes along, they will both continue to float toward the end of the document
|
|
until a good location can be found.
|
|
If nothing good turns up, they will just be placed at the end of the document.
|
|
If there are too many of these, LaTeX overruns a counter and emits the
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
too many unprocessed floats
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
error.
|
|
This is not a bug in LaTeX, this is simply too many figures with too little
|
|
text :-)
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The easiest way to work around this is to insert a
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
clearpage
|
|
\family default
|
|
command somewhere in the document where a pagebreak would be appropriate.
|
|
While a pagebreak would simply start a new page,
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
clearpage
|
|
\family default
|
|
processes all remaining floats, then begins a new page.
|
|
This may lead to an unsightly stack of figures in the middle of your document;
|
|
you may need to use several
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
clearpages
|
|
\family default
|
|
to make things balance nicely.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Math related questions
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I put normal text inside a mathematical equation?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Type
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
M-m m
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
while inside the equation to enter
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
math text mode
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
How do I make a cube root (or higher)?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Type
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
M-m r
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
to insert a nifty
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
root box
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
Use the cursor keys to navigate the entry boxes.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Questions Related to Running LyX
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
How do I convert LyX files to LaTeX from the command line?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
File export was vastly improved in version 1.1.6.
|
|
Simply say
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
lyx --export latex <yourfile>.lyx
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
and that is all you need to do.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
If you have an older version of LyX, you can use the same syntax if you
|
|
are running X, because it will cause LyX windows to pop up onto your screen.
|
|
If you have the Xvfb command available, you can resort to a deeper level
|
|
of subterfuge (under
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
bash
|
|
\family default
|
|
):
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
(Xvfb :1 -once -terminate &); rm <file>.tex; lyx -display :1 --export latex
|
|
<file>.lyx
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
Under csh/tcsh it is simply
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
Xvfb :1 -once -terminate &; rm <file>.tex; lyx -display :1 --export latex
|
|
<file>.lyx
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
This should work anywhere, whether or not X is actually running.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
How do I create PDF files from my LyX document?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Read Section 5.3.6 of the
|
|
\emph on
|
|
Extended Features
|
|
\emph default
|
|
manual.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Why do the fonts in my document look so bad in
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
acroread
|
|
\family default
|
|
?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The problem and the solution are also discussed in Section 5.3.6 of the
|
|
\emph on
|
|
Extended Features
|
|
\emph default
|
|
manual.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Why doesn't my latest and greatest version of Ghostscript render EPS inline
|
|
figures properly?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
[Note: this only applies to versions of LyX older than 1.2.0, since the graphics
|
|
rendering code has been rewritten in this version]
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A couple of users reported that they couldn't get recent Ghostscript versions
|
|
to display inline figures in LyX.
|
|
It transpires that this is a Ghostscript bug:
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand url
|
|
target "http://sourceforge.net/bugs/?func=detailbug&bug_id=124957&group_id=1897"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
This bug appears to affect Ghostscript 6.22 and upwards.
|
|
After applying the above mentioned patch, rendering in Lyx works fine again.
|
|
GNU Ghostscript 6.53 and above include this fix.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Questions Related to LyX on Windows
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Why do the menus and the toolbar flicker ?
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
You are probably using the XWin32 X server.
|
|
This is a bug in XWin32: you can work around the problem by disabling the
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
Use Reserved Colors
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
option of XWin32, and using a color mode other than PseudoColor.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
How to get further assistance
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
You still haven't answered my question!
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Then RTFM, especially the Tutorial.
|
|
The documentation really is quite good.
|
|
(Besides, I helped write parts of it :-) If you think your problem may
|
|
be LaTeX related, then look in
|
|
\emph on
|
|
LaTeX, A Document Preparation System, 2nd Ed.
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
by Leslie Lamport (1994).
|
|
There are also numerous example files included with LyX.
|
|
Try
|
|
\family sans
|
|
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Open\SpecialChar \menuseparator
|
|
Examples
|
|
\family default
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
I want to mail someone about my problem.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Send email to the LyX Users list lyx-users@lists.lyx.org.
|
|
If LyX is actually crashing or otherwise non-functional, then try the developer
|
|
s' list at lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
What to put in a request for help.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Include your version of LyX and a description of what you are trying to
|
|
do, along with evidence that you've actually read the docs.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
If LyX has crashed, include the version of LyX, the operating system, the
|
|
version of xforms (if it seems to be a screen drawing problem), and a precise
|
|
description of the events that lead to the crash.
|
|
The easier it is for the developers to reproduce your crash, the more likely
|
|
it will get fixed.
|
|
If you're brave and like to hack, use gdb to generate a backtrace and include
|
|
the results with your mail.
|
|
If you have no clue what I'm talking about, just describe what you did
|
|
as completely as you can.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Administrative information and acknowledgments
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Feedback is invited.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Send comments, suggested additions, world record document claims, etc.
|
|
to
|
|
\emph on
|
|
lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Formats in which this FAQ is available.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The LyX file original is included in the LyX source distribution, converted
|
|
versions in HTML and ASCII should soon be available at the website.
|
|
A German version is also available with the distribution.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Authorship and acknowledgments.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Bernhard Iselborn, David Johnson, and Paul Evans were responsible for the
|
|
FAQ through version 0.2.2 which covered LyX-0.10.7.
|
|
The FAQ as of version 0.3.0 was written from scratch and covers LyX-1.0 and
|
|
higher.
|
|
Many people contributed pieces to the current version; Mike Ressler of
|
|
the Doc Team collected them into this file.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Disclaimer and Copyright.
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
I don't claim anything in this document is accurate to within a factor of
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
; after all, I'm just an astronomer, and we like to set
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $c=h=k=\pi=1$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
When the answer is wrong, we just redefine the units.
|
|
This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
|
|
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
|
|
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
|
|
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
In other words, it's not my fault if you lose your dissertation the night
|
|
before your doctoral defense because you forgot to save it before the power
|
|
failed while wondering how a fundamental physical constant expressed in
|
|
units of
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{m s}^{-1}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
could possibly be equal to one expressed as
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{kg m s}^{-2}\textrm{ K}^{-1}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
This file is Copyright © 2000 by Michael E.
|
|
Ressler on behalf of the LyX Documentation Team.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_body
|
|
\end_document
|