2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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2017-08-14 06:31:24 +00:00
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\lyxformat 544
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_document
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\begin_header
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2016-01-12 21:30:37 +00:00
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\save_transient_properties true
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2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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\origin /systemlyxdir/examples/fr/
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\textclass scrartcl
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\begin_preamble
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\usepackage[all]{xy}
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% define new commands used in sec. 5.1
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\newcommand{\xyR}[1]{
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\xydef@\xymatrixrowsep@{#1}}
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\newcommand{\xyC}[1]{
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\xydef@\xymatrixcolsep@{#1}}
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\newdir{|>}{!/4.5pt/@{|}*:(1,-.2)@^{>}*:(1,+.2)@_{>}}
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% a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
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\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
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\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
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\pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
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\myTOC }
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% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
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\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
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L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
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{LyX}}
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\end_preamble
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\options BCOR7.5mm
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\use_default_options false
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\maintain_unincluded_children false
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\language french
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\language_package default
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\inputencoding auto
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\fontencoding global
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\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
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\font_sans "default" "default"
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\font_typewriter "default" "default"
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\font_math "auto" "auto"
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\font_default_family default
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\use_non_tex_fonts false
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\font_sc false
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\font_osf false
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\font_sf_scale 100 100
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\font_tt_scale 100 100
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\use_microtype false
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\use_dash_ligatures false
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\graphics default
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\default_output_format default
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\output_sync 0
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\bibtex_command default
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\index_command default
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\paperfontsize 12
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\spacing single
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\use_hyperref true
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\pdf_title "Utilisation de XY-pic dans LyX"
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\pdf_author "H. Peter Gumm"
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\pdf_subject "manual de XY-pic"
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\pdf_keywords "LyX, documentation"
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\pdf_bookmarks true
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\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
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\pdf_bookmarksopen true
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\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 2
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\pdf_breaklinks false
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\pdf_pdfborder false
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\pdf_colorlinks true
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\pdf_backref false
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\pdf_pdfusetitle false
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\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
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\papersize a4paper
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\use_geometry false
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\use_package amsmath 2
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\use_package amssymb 2
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\use_package cancel 1
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\use_package esint 1
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\use_package mathdots 1
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\use_package mathtools 1
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\use_package mhchem 1
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\use_package stackrel 1
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\use_package stmaryrd 1
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\use_package undertilde 1
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\cite_engine basic
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\cite_engine_type default
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\biblio_style plain
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\use_bibtopic false
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\use_indices false
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\paperorientation portrait
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\suppress_date false
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\justification true
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\use_refstyle 0
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\index Index
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\shortcut idx
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\color #008000
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\end_index
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\secnumdepth 3
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\tocdepth 3
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\paragraph_separation indent
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\paragraph_indentation default
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\is_math_indent 0
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\math_numbering_side default
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\quotes_style swiss
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\papercolumns 1
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\papersides 2
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\paperpagestyle default
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\tracking_changes false
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\output_changes false
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\html_math_output 0
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\html_css_as_file 0
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\html_be_strict false
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\use_minted 0
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\end_header
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\begin_body
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\begin_layout Title
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Utilisation de
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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-pic dans \SpecialChar LyX
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Author
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H.
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Peter Gumm
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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Traduction française Jean-Pierre Chrétien,
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\family typewriter
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<jeanpierre.chretien@free.fr>
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\family default
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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, novembre 2009, mise à jour mars 2014
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Abstract
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Avec les versions récentes de \SpecialChar LyX
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et grâce à la possibilité d'afficher un aperçu
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sur le vif offerte par la distribution \SpecialChar LaTeX
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, le paquetage de tracé de diagrammes
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\family default
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-pic peut être utilisé confortablement dans \SpecialChar LyX
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: les diagrammes peuvent être
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affichés et modifiés dans le fenêtre principale de \SpecialChar LyX
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.
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Nous décrivons ici comment utiliser la commande
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xymatrix
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\family default
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de
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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depuis \SpecialChar LyX
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pour tracer, modifier et visionner des diagrammes utilisés typiquement
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dans la théorie des catégories, l'algèbre et les disciplines voisines.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Abstract
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\begin_inset CommandInset toc
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LatexCommand tableofcontents
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Introduction
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Le paquetage
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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est utilisé depuis longtemps comme un outil approprié pour construire facilemen
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t des graphiques et des diagrammes en \SpecialChar LaTeX
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.
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Malheureusement, son utilisation depuis \SpecialChar LyX
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était limitée par les infâmes
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boîtes de code \SpecialChar TeX
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, ce qui faisait que la fenêtre \SpecialChar LyX
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ne pouvait afficher que
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les sources \SpecialChar LaTeX
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et non pas le diagramme résultant.
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Le mode \SpecialChar LaTeX
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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\end_inset
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Aperçu sur le vif
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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\end_inset
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(
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\emph on
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preview-style
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\emph default
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), inclus dans le projet AUC\SpecialChar TeX
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "AUCTeX"
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literal "true"
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\end_inset
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, permet enfin la modification et l'affichage des diagrammes
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\family typewriter
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xypic
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\family default
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, qui peuvent être construits, modifiés et visionnés depuis \SpecialChar LyX
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace defskip
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\align center
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename xyfigure.png
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lyxscale 60
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width 75col%
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset VSpace defskip
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Dans ce manuel, nous décrivons comment utiliser
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-pic depuis la fenêtre \SpecialChar LyX
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, et comment créer et modifier des diagrammes.
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Nous avons testé ce qui suit avec \SpecialChar LyX
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(versions 1.3.7 à 1.6), exécuté sur Windows
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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XP ou Windows Vista.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Deux façons de procéder sont offertes: pour commencer, et pour quelques
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tests préliminaires, il peut être plus facile de saisir d'abord le code
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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\end_inset
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2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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-pic dans la fenêtre \SpecialChar LyX
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, de le sélectionner en entier et de le convertir dans
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sa représentation graphique en pressant
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\family sans
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Ctrl-m
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\family default
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ou
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\family sans
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Ctrl-M
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\family default
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.
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Si vous devez utiliser
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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\end_inset
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-pic plus fréquemment, ou si vous désirez modifier votre diagramme initial,
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vous préférerez assembler et modifier vos figures à l'aide de l'éditeur
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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mathématique de \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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.
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Lorsque le curseur se trouve superposé à un diagramme, celui-ci est affiché
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comme une tableau de nœuds et de flèches.
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Ceux-ci peuvent être modifiés interactivement.
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Quand le curseur quitte la zone d'édition, le diagramme réapparaît.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Dans les deux premiers chapitres de la documentation, nous expliquons comment
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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utiliser \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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dans le premier mode mentionné ci-dessus et nous introduisons
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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toutes le fonctionnalités de
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_inset
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-pic qui peuvent être utiles pour tracer des diagrammes commutatifs, des
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graphes ou de automates.
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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Le chapitre
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "sec:math-editor"
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\end_inset
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explique comment utiliser les commandes
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-pic dans une
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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zone d'édition mathématique
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Ce n'est pas notre intention d'écrire une nouvelle introduction à
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-pic, notre motivation est plutôt de montrer comment les commandes les plus
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
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|
importantes fonctionnent dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
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|
|
, puisque les combinaisons de saisies décrites
|
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|
dans le manuel
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
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|
-pic
|
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|
\begin_inset space ~
|
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\end_inset
|
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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|
key "xypic manual"
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
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|
literal "true"
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
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|
|
ne sont pas toutes interprétées dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
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|
.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
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|
Préparation
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
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|
Ce qui suit nécessite que les paquetages \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
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|
xypic
|
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\family default
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et
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\family typewriter
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preview
|
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|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
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|
|
fassent partie de la distribution \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Ils sont disponibles sur CTAN, voir à
|
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|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
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|
LatexCommand cite
|
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|
key "instant-preview"
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
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|
|
literal "true"
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
, resp.
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
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|
à
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|
\begin_inset space ~
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
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|
|
LatexCommand cite
|
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|
|
|
key "xypic"
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
literal "true"
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
.
|
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|
|
Si vous devez les installer, il est nécessaire d'exécuter
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Outils\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Reconfigurer
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
dans le menu principal de \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Les étapes pour créer un premier diagramme dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
sont alors les suivantes:
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Activation et aperçu de test
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
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|
|
\begin_deeper
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Ouvrir \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, choisir
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Outils\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Préférences\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Apparence\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Affichage écran
|
|
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|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
et positionner
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
Aperçu sur le vif
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
sur
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
Activé
|
|
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|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Dans
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Paramètres...\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Options mode math
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, décocher
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
Utiliser automatiquement le paquetage math AMS
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
et cocher
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
Utiliser le paquetage math AMS;
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Tester si l'aperçu sur le vif fonctionne en ouvrant un document \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
et en saisissan
|
|
|
|
|
t n'importe quelle formule mathématique, par exemple
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $a+b=c$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
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|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Déplacer le curseur en-dehors de la formule, et constatez qu'elle prend
|
|
|
|
|
l'aspect du résultat imprimable DVI, PostScript ou PDF.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_deeper
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Activer et tester
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
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|
|
status collapsed
|
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|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
|
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
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|
-pic
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
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|
:
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_deeper
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Dans votre document, saisissez le texte
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
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|
|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
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|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrix{A
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[r] & B}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
;
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Sélectionner tout ce texte et choisir
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Insertion\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Formule hors ligne
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, ou pressez le raccourci clavier correspondant
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl-M;
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Enumerate
|
|
|
|
|
Déplacer le curseur en-dehors de la zone d'édition mathématique et attendre
|
|
|
|
|
une fraction de seconde pour voir apparaître une flèche:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{A\ar[r] & B}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_deeper
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
|
|
|
Diagrammes commutatifs
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Le diagramme ci-après, qui est extrait de la documentation
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-pic
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
|
|
|
|
LatexCommand cite
|
|
|
|
|
key "xypic manual"
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
literal "true"
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
écrite par son créateur Kristoffer H.
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\noun on
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Rose
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\noun default
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, va nous fournir un exemple illustrant de nombreuses fonctionnalités de
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ce paquetage.
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Son code source est le suivant:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\backslash
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xymatrix{
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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U
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\backslash
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ar@/_{1pc}/[ddr]_
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\backslash
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psi
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\backslash
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ar@/^{1pc}/[drr]^
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\backslash
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varphi
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
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ar@{.>}[dr]|-{(x,y)}
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& X
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\backslash
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times_Z Y
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\backslash
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ar[d]^q
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\backslash
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ar[r]_p & X
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\backslash
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ar[d]_f
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& Y
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\backslash
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ar[r]^g & Z }
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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De nouveau, pour convertir ce code sous forme graphique, le sélectionner
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en entier depuis
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xymatrix{
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\family default
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2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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\SpecialChar ldots
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jusqu'à l'accolade fermante \SpecialChar ldots
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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}
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\family default
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et le convertir en mode mathématique hors ligne comme expliqué plus haut.
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Peu après que que le curseur quitte la zone d'édition mathématique, vous
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devriez voir apparaître le diagramme dans toute sa beauté graphique ci-dessous:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{U\ar@/_{1pc}/[ddr]_{\psi}\ar@/{}^{1pc}/[drr]^{\varphi}\ar@{.>}[dr]|-{(x,y)}\\
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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& X\times_{Z}Y\ar[d]^{q}\ar[r]_{p} & X\ar[d]_{f}\\
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2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
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& Y\ar[r]^{g} & Z
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}
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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$
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Le format matriciel des diagrammes
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\family typewriter
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xymatrix
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\family default
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utilise une matrice pour définir la disposition des sommets d'un diagramme.
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2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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Pour l'exemple ci-dessus, nous avons besoin d'une matrice 3×3, 5
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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positions étant utilisées pour les sommets
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula $U$
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Formula $X\times_{Z}Y$
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Formula $X$
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Formula $Y$
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\end_inset
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,
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\begin_inset Formula $Z$
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\end_inset
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, les autres positions restant vides.
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Dans ce cas, la matrice suivante définit le format:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\backslash
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xymatrix{
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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U
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& X
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\backslash
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times_Z Y & X
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& Y & Z }
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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La structure semble familière aux connaisseurs de \SpecialChar LaTeX
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: nous voyons trois lignes,
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les deux premières étant terminées par le marqueur de fin de ligne
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\family default
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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Chaque ligne comporte des cellules, séparées par une esperluette
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\family typewriter
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&
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\family default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Flèches
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Une fois les sommets saisis, nous ajoutons des flèches entre eux.
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|
La commande
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\family typewriter
|
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|
xypic
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\family default
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de base pour produire une flèche est
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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ar
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\family default
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, elle est saisie dans la cellule de la matrice d'où part la flèche.
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La direction de la flèche est spécifiée par les commandes de direction
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\family typewriter
|
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u
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\family default
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(haut),
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\family typewriter
|
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d
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|
\family default
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(bas),
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\family typewriter
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l
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\family default
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(gauche), ou
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\family typewriter
|
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r
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\family default
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(droite).
|
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|
Celles-ci peuvent être combinées sous forme d'un chemin et encloses entre
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|
crochets.
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Par exemple, les flèches partant du sommet
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\begin_inset Formula $U$
|
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\end_inset
|
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|
en haut à gauche allant vers le bas et à droite vers les sommets
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $X\times_{Z}Y$
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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,
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|
\begin_inset Formula $Y$
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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, et
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|
\begin_inset Formula $X$
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\end_inset
|
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sont définies respectivement par
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\family typewriter
|
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|
\backslash
|
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|
ar[dr]
|
|
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|
\family default
|
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,
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|
\family typewriter
|
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\backslash
|
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|
ar[ddr]
|
|
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|
\family default
|
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|
et
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|
\family typewriter
|
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|
|
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|
\backslash
|
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|
ar[drr]
|
|
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|
|
\family default
|
|
|
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.
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|
Le diagramme ci-dessus enrichi par les flèches devient donc:
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
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|
xymatrix{
|
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|
\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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|
U
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\backslash
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ar[ddr]
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|
\backslash
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ar[drr]
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\backslash
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ar[dr]
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& X
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\backslash
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times_Z Y
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\backslash
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ar[d]
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\backslash
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ar[r]& X
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\backslash
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|
ar[d]
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& Y
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\backslash
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|
ar[r] & Z }
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\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{U\ar[ddr]\ar[drr]\ar[dr]\\
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
& X\times_{Z}Y\ar[d]\ar[r] & X\ar[d]\\
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
& Y\ar[r] & Z
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|
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|
}
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
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|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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|
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|
Étiquettes
|
|
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|
\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
Les étiquettes sont associées aux flèches en les créant en tant qu'exposants
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et indices des commandes
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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ar
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\family default
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.
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Ainsi,
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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ar[drr]^
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\backslash
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|
varphi
|
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|
\family default
|
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|
définit une flèche allant vers le bas d'une cellule, vers la droite de
|
|
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|
deux cellules et étiquetée au-dessus par
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
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\end_inset
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|
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|
.
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|
Pour étiqueter au-dessous, insérer un indice inférieur comme dans
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|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[ddr]_
|
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\backslash
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psi
|
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|
\family default
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|
.
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|
Cette explication n'est cependant correcte que pour les flèches pointant
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|
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|
vers la droite.
|
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|
Plus précisément, imaginez que vous suivez la flèche dans la direction
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pointée.
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|
Alors un indice supérieur étiquette à gauche et un indice inférieur étiquette
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|
|
à droite.
|
|
|
|
|
De ce fait, une flèche pointant de droite à gauche, comme
|
|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[l]^
|
|
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\backslash
|
|
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|
|
alpha_
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
beta
|
|
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|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
aura l'étiquette
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
au-dessous et l'étiquette
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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|
au-dessus de la flèche, c'est-à-dire
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|
\begin_inset space \space{}
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|
\end_inset
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ & \ \ar[l]_{\beta}^{\alpha}.}
|
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|
$
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
En utilisant le caractère | au lieu de ^ ou _ , il est même possible de
|
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placer l'étiquette sur la flèche, en masquant une partie de son corps.
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
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|
Normalement, une étiquette est placée à mi-chemin entre l'objet débutant
|
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|
la flèche et l'objet la terminant.
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|
Dans le premier diagramme, la flèche centrale partant de
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $U$
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\end_inset
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porte l'étiquette
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|
\begin_inset Formula $(x,y)$
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\end_inset
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au milieu du corps de la flèche, plutôt qu'à mi-chemin entre les objets
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qu'elle connecte.
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Ceci est obtenu en préfixant l'étiquette par un tiret, ici:
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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ar[dr]|-{(x,y)}
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\family default
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout LyX-Code
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\backslash
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xymatrix{
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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U
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\backslash
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ar[ddr]_
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\backslash
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psi
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\backslash
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ar[drr]^
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\backslash
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varphi
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\backslash
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ar[dr]|-{(x,y)}
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& X
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\backslash
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times_Z Y
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\backslash
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ar[d]^q
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\backslash
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ar[r]_p& X
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\backslash
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ar[d]_f
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\backslash
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\backslash
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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& Y
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\backslash
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|
ar[r]^g & Z }
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{U\ar[ddr]_{\psi}\ar[drr]^{\varphi}\ar[dr]|-{(x,y)}\\
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
|
& X\times_{Z}Y\ar[d]^{q}\ar[r]_{p} & X\ar[d]_{f}\\
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
& Y\ar[r]^{g} & Z
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
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|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
|
\end_inset
|
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\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
Avec
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
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|
status collapsed
|
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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\backslash
|
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|
Xy
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
|
|
-pic, il est possible de décaler les étiquettes vers l'origine ou l'extrémité
|
|
|
|
|
d'une flèche en préfixant l'étiquette avec un coefficient, comme par exemple
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
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|
|
|
(.3)
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Avec \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
, ceci ne fonctionne qu'avec les étiquettes placées au-dessus de la
|
|
|
|
|
flèche, par exemple
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[r]|(0.3){
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
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|
.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Pour les étiquettes placées sur la gauche ou la droite de la flèche, ceci
|
|
|
|
|
ne fonctionne pas: le code
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-pic correspondant (e.
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
g.
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[r]^(.3)
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[r]_(.3)
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
psi
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
) n'est pas correctement interprété par l'éditeur mathématique de \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Deux solutions alternatives sont suggérées dans le dernier chapitre de
|
|
|
|
|
cette note.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Modifications d'une flèche
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
La modification de l'apparence, de la forme ou de la position des flèches
|
|
|
|
|
sont obtenues à l'aide du caractère arobase
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Il est suivi d'une paire de symboles appariés, ou la forme de la paire
|
|
|
|
|
de symboles,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
{ }
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
< >
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
/ /
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
indique si l'on veut modifier l'apparence, la forme ou la courbure de la
|
|
|
|
|
flèche.
|
|
|
|
|
Plusieurs modifications peuvent être apportées à une flèche en même temps.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
|
|
|
Apparence de la flèche
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Différentes apparences comme
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
solide
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
pointillée
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
tiretée
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
dédoublée
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
sont offertes pour le corps d'une flèche.
|
|
|
|
|
Ils peuvent être combinés avec des plumages et des dards variés.
|
|
|
|
|
En général, l'apparence d'une flèche est obtenue en faisant immédiatement
|
|
|
|
|
suivre la commande
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
par une arobase
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
et une paire d'accolades{\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
} contenant des caractères décrivant le plumage,
|
|
|
|
|
le corps et le dard de la flèche.
|
|
|
|
|
Ces caractères sont choisis pour évoquer une équivalence ASCII du résultat
|
|
|
|
|
désiré.
|
|
|
|
|
Par exemple,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{>..>>}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
produit une flèche avec une plume divisée, un corps pointillé et un dard
|
|
|
|
|
double.
|
|
|
|
|
Plusieurs autres apparences sont décrites dans le tableau ci-dessous.
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Notez que les plumes des flèches inclusives
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{A\ar@{^{(}->}[r] & B}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sont obtenues en mettant en indice ou en exposant des parenthèses ouvrantes,
|
|
|
|
|
comme dans
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{^(->}[r].
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|
|
|
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
|
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
Résultat
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Code source \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{-->}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ar@{-->}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{..>}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{..>}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{~>}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{~>}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{->>}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{->>}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{-->>}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ar@{-->>}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{>->>}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{>->>}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{_{(}->}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{_(->}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{^{(}->}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{^(->}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{|-|}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{|-|}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
\noindent
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
En faisant suivre le caractère
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
par les chiffres
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2, 3, un caractère souligné
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_, ou bien un chapeau
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
^, nous pouvons créer des flèches avec un corps double ou triple, ou des
|
|
|
|
|
flèches n'affichant que la moitié haute ou la moitié basse de leur dard
|
|
|
|
|
ou de leur plumage.
|
|
|
|
|
Les flèches peuvent n'avoir ni dard ni plumage, comme le montre le dernier
|
|
|
|
|
exemple:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|
|
|
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
|
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
Résultat
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Source code for \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@2[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@2
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@3[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@3
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@_{->}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@_{->}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@^{->}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@^{->}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@^{>>->>}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@^{>>->>}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@{^{<}-_{>}}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{^<-_>}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
2014-03-23 16:31:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\ \ar@2{--}[r] & \ }
|
2013-08-23 22:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
$
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ar@2{--}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
</cell>
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
|
|
|
Conception de vos propres flèches
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Dans une certaine mesure, il vous est possible de concevoir vos propres
|
|
|
|
|
flèches, à l'aide des caractères
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
><|ox+/()[
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, en utilisant la commande
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
newdir
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
dans le préambule.
|
|
|
|
|
Pour les détails, nous renvoyons au manuel
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
-pic, d'où nous extrayons cet exemple:
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
newdir{|>}{!/4.5pt/@{|}*:(1,-.2)@^{>}*:(1,+.2)@_{>}}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
\noindent
|
|
|
|
|
Ceci définit un nouveau dard, référencé par
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|>
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
dans
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{-|>}[r]
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, et qui s'affiche correctement dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
comme:
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
|
|
|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\xymatrix{A\ar@{-|>}[r] & \ \ B}
|
|
|
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Positionnement d'une flèche
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Les flèches sont décalées latéralement à l'aide du modificateur
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@<
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\ldots$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
où les points de suspension sont remplacés par une valeur positive ou négative.
|
|
|
|
|
Par exemple, pour obtenir une paire de flèches s'opposant mutuellement
|
|
|
|
|
entre deux nœuds, nous les décalons pour pouvoir les voir séparément.
|
|
|
|
|
Notez que la direction du décalage est positive quand on suit la flèche
|
|
|
|
|
du regard: de ce fait
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrix{
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
circ
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@<1ex>[r]&
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
circ
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@<1ex>[l]}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
\noindent
|
2013-10-01 22:11:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
produit
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
|
|
|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\xymatrix{\circ\ar@<1ex>[r] & \circ\ar@<1ex>[l]}
|
|
|
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-10-01 22:11:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
|
|
|
Diagramme en ligne ou centrés hors ligne
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Les flèches et les diagrammes peuvent être utilisés en ligne, comme celui-ci:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{\circ\ar@<1ex>[r] & \circ\ar@<1ex>[l]}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Quand, le code est saisi dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
comme précédemment, sélectionnez-le et pressez
|
|
|
|
|
soit
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl-m
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
four une disposition en ligne, soit
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl-M
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
pour une disposition centrée hors ligne.
|
|
|
|
|
Les diagrammes disposés en ligne peuvent être positionnés hors ligne plus
|
|
|
|
|
tard, via
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Édition\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Math
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Changer le type de formule
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
(il faut que le curseur soit dans la formeule pour que ce menu apparaisse).
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Flèches courbes
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Il existe deux méthodes simples pour courber les flèches.
|
|
|
|
|
La première consiste à préciser numériquement de combien le point central
|
|
|
|
|
du corps est élevé ou abaissé, la seconde consiste à forcer la flèche à
|
|
|
|
|
quitter son point de départ dans une direction prescrite et à atteindre
|
|
|
|
|
la cible dans une autre direction prescrite: la courbure nécessaire est
|
|
|
|
|
alors déterminée automatiquement.
|
|
|
|
|
Nous décrirons les deux méthodes.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
|
|
|
Élever le corps
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Pour courber les flèches nous utilisons le modifieur
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\ldots$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/ .
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Les points de suspension représentent une mesure \SpecialChar TeX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
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, qui doit être introduite
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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en exposant ou en indice.
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Alors que dans
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\family default
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-
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\family typewriter
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pic
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\family default
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, nous pouvions l'écrire simplement, par exemple
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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ar@/_1pc/
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\family default
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, pour obtenir une flèche courbée vers le bas de
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\family typewriter
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1pc
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\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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, ceci ne peut plus être fait directement dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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Il est nécessaire d'enclore la mesure dans une paire d'accolades, comme
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par exemple
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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ar@/_{1pc}/
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\family default
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.
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À titre d'exemple, voici deux flèches opposées entre
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\begin_inset Formula $A$
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\end_inset
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et
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\begin_inset Formula $B$
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\end_inset
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, courbées chacune de .5 pica, et produites par le code suivant:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xymatrix{A
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\backslash
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ar@/_{.5pc}/[r] & B
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\backslash
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ar@/_{.5pc}/[l]}
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
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\begin_inset Formula
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\[
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\xymatrix{A\ar@/{}_{.5pc}/[r] & B\ar@/{}_{.5pc}/[l]}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\]
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Spécifier les directions de départ et d'arrivée
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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La seconde solution pour courber les flèches consiste à spécifier leur direction
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géographique lorsqu'elles quittent leur source et atteignent leur objectif.
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Au lieu de nord, nord-est, est, etc., les directions sont nommées
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\family typewriter
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u
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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ur
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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r
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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dr
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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d
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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dl
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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l
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\family default
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,
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\family typewriter
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ul
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\family default
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, pour haut, haut-droite, bas-droite, etc.
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Une direction est spécifiée par
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\family typewriter
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@(
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\emph on
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out
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\emph default
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,
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\emph on
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in
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\emph default
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)
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\family default
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où
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\emph on
|
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out
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\emph default
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est la direction au départ du premier objet et
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\emph on
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in
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\emph default
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la direction d'arrivée au second.
|
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Ci-dessous, nous montrons quelques flèches courbes et une boucle, qui prend
|
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|
naissance quand nous ne spécifions pas d'objectif pour une flèche, juste
|
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|
ses directions de départ et d'arrivée:
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
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\backslash
|
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|
xymatrix{A
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
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|
ar@(dr,dl)[r]
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
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|
ar@(dr,dl)[rr]
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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&B
|
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\backslash
|
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|
ar@(d,r)[dl] &C
|
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|
\backslash
|
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\backslash
|
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|
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
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\end_inset
|
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|
E
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@(ul,ur)}
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
|
|
|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\xymatrix{A\ar@(dr,dl)[r]\ar@(dr,dl)[rr] & B\ar@(d,r)[dl] & C\\
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
E\ar@(ul,ur)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\]
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
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|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Modification des sommets
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
L'exemple ci-dessus rappelle un diagramme d'automate, sauf que dans un tel
|
|
|
|
|
diagramme les états seraient entourés d'un petit cercle, les états finaux
|
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|
|
étant représentés par un cercle double.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
|
|
|
Encadrement d'objets
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
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|
|
Avec
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
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|
status collapsed
|
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|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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\backslash
|
|
|
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|
Xy
|
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\end_layout
|
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|
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|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
-pic, les éléments peuvent être pourvus d'un encadrement simple ou double,
|
|
|
|
|
comme
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*+[F]{A}}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*+[F=]{B}}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
en préfixant l'élément avec
|
|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
*[F-]
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
*[F=]
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
et en enserrant la partie de l'élément à encadrer entre accolades.
|
|
|
|
|
Normalement le cadre serait très serré, et il doit être relâché en préfixant
|
|
|
|
|
par
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
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|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou par
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
++
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Les cadres ronds, comme
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*++[o][F]{A}}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
et
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\xymatrix{*++[o][F=]{B}}
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
sont obtenus en précisant la forme par
|
|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
[o].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
Le dernier exemple a donc été construit par le code *++[o][F=]{B}.
|
|
|
|
|
De cette façon, l'automate suivant
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
|
|
|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\xymatrix{\txt{start}\ar[r] & *++[o][F]{1}\ar[r] & *++[o][F=]{2}\ar@(ur,dr)\ar@(ur,ul)[l]}
|
|
|
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
\noindent
|
|
|
|
|
peut être obtenu en saisissant
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrix{
|
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
txt{start}
|
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|
\backslash
|
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|
ar[r]
|
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
& *++[o][F]{1}
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[r]
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
& *++[o][F=]{2}
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@(ur,dr)
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@(ur,ul)[l]
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Les commandes \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
entrymodifiers={
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
rendront implicites certains style d'éléments, qui pourront bien entendu
|
|
|
|
|
être remplacés par des éléments individualisés.
|
|
|
|
|
Ainsi, après
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
entrymodifiers={++[o][F-]}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, tous les éléments des matrices
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy{}
|
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\end_layout
|
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|
|
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|
|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
seront entourées d'un cercle.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
|
|
|
Encadrement rectangulaires
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Encadrer par un rectangle complet une partie d'une matrice
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy{}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
est obtenu avec la paire de macro-instructions
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
save \SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
restore
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
La dimension du rectangle est précisé par la paire pointée
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $P_{0}.P_{1}$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
des points dénotant le point en haut à gauche et le point en bas à droite
|
|
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|
|
du rectangle.
|
|
|
|
|
Chaque point, à son tour, est spécifié par une paire d'accolades doubles
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $x,y$
|
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|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
|
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
précisant la ligne
|
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|
|
\begin_inset Formula $x$
|
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|
|
\end_inset
|
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|
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et la colonne
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $y$
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
.
|
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|
|
Celles-ci sont suivies des commandes d'encadrement, pour produire par exemple
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
la figure suivante:
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
|
|
|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\xymatrix{A & B\ar@(d,r)[dl]\sp(0.2)\phi\sp(0.7)\psi\save"1,1"."2,1"*+[F=]\frm{}\restore\,\\
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
C & \save"1,1"."1,2"*++[F]\frm{}\restore
|
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|
}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\]
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\end_inset
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Ici, le code
|
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\family typewriter
|
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\backslash
|
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save"1,1"."2,1"*+[F=]
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\backslash
|
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|
frm{}
|
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\backslash
|
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|
restore
|
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|
|
\family default
|
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|
crée le rectangle doublement encadré, tandis que le code pour le rectangle
|
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|
|
supplémentaire horizontal est
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
|
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save"1,1"."1,2"*++[F]
|
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\backslash
|
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|
frm{}
|
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\backslash
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restore
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\family default
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.
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Ce code peut être placé dans n'importe quelle cellule de la matrice.
|
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|
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
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|
Utilisation de l'éditeur mathématique de \SpecialChar LyX
|
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
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|
LatexCommand label
|
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|
|
name "sec:math-editor"
|
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Au lieu de saisir le code
|
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\family typewriter
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|
xypic
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\family default
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, puis de le transformer en environnement mathématique en le sélectionnant
|
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et en pressant
|
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\family sans
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Ctrl-m
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\family default
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, ou
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\family sans
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|
Ctrl-M
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\family default
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|
, il est possible de construire et de modifier la totalité d'un diagramme
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
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|
xypic
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\family default
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en utilisant l'éditeur mathématique.
|
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|
Nous allons décrire les différentes étapes pour une figure comme celle
|
|
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|
|
présentée ci-dessus.
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
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Attention à la saisie les accolades
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Rappelez-vous que, dans l'éditeur mathématique de \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, toute paire d'accolades
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
destinée à enclore un paramètre de macro-instruction doit être saisie en
|
|
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|
|
ne tapant que
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
{
|
|
|
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|
\family default
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
: l'accolade fermante est créée automatiquement et une boîte apparaît entre
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
elles où saisir le paramètre.
|
|
|
|
|
Avec les diagrammes
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
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|
Xy
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, ceci s'applique en particulier aux modifications des flèches qui sont
|
|
|
|
|
normalement saisies par
|
|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
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|
|
@{
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, où les points de suspension représentent la description de la forme du
|
|
|
|
|
plumage, du corps et du dard: dans l'éditeur mathématique, ne saisissez
|
|
|
|
|
que
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
et laissez \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
afficher l'accolade fermante et la boîte de saisie destinée
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
à la description de la flèche.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Les accolades saisies sans la barre inclinée
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
apparaîtront telles quelles, mais ne pourront accueillir de paramètres.
|
|
|
|
|
Elles seront utiles par contre pour désigner des ensembles, par exemple
|
|
|
|
|
dans
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
{x
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
in X
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
mid x
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
notin x}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
qui va s'afficher ainsi
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\{x\in X\mid x\notin x\}$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Construction de la matrice
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
En pressant
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl-m
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl-M,
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ouvrez un environnement de formule et saisissez:
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrix
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Ceci crée une matrice
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Ajoutez des lignes supplémentaires en pressant
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl-Enter
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
et ajoutez des colonnes en pressant
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Alt-m c i
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Ensuite, vous pourrez ajouter lignes et colonnes quand vous le désirerez,
|
|
|
|
|
en utilisant les commandes du menu
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Édition\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Math,
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
leurs raccourcis qui débutent par
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Alt-m c
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
pour les commandes de colonnes ou par
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
|
|
|
|
Alt-m w
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
pour les commandes de lignes.
|
|
|
|
|
Plus simplement, il vous suffira d'utiliser les icônes de la palette mathématiq
|
|
|
|
|
ue, en l'activant si ce n'est déjà fait via
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Visualiser\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Barres d'outils.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Saisie des nœuds, des flèches et des étiquettes
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Saisissez d'abord les nœuds dans les cases appropriées de la matrice.
|
|
|
|
|
Si vous déplacez le curseur en dehors de la matrice, vous devriez avoir
|
|
|
|
|
un premier aperçu de l'apparence des nœuds.
|
|
|
|
|
Ensuite, ajoutez les flèches depuis les nœuds origines en saisissant
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
p
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, où
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
p
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
peut être n'importe quel chemin construit à partir des caractères
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
u
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
d
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
l
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
r
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Vérifiez que le chemin mène bien à un nœud existant dans la matrice, sinon
|
|
|
|
|
votre figure ne s'affichera pas quand le curseur sortira de la zone d'édition.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Ensuite, étiquetez les flèches en associant un texte en tant qu'indice ou
|
|
|
|
|
d'exposant à la fin du chemin décrivant le flèche.
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Comme habituellement dans l'éditeur mathématique de \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, un caractère souligné
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
_
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ouvre une boîte pour un indice et un caractère accent circonflexe
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
^
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
(suivi éventuellement d'un espace) ouvre une boîte pour un exposant.
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Vous pouvez saisir n'importe quel code \SpecialChar LaTeX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
dans une étiquette.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Modification des flèches
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Finalement, vous pouvez modifier l'apparence des flèches en saisissant les
|
|
|
|
|
modificateurs
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@:
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@{
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@<
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
>,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@(
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
|
|
|
|
,\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
) ou
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
L'avertissement vu plus haut ne s'applique que dans le premier cas: elle
|
|
|
|
|
doit être saisie sous la forme
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
avec la description de la flèche saisie dans le boîte \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Si cette boîte reste vide, vous aurez spécifié une flèche vide, ce qui
|
|
|
|
|
est une construction utile également, comme vous le verrez dans la section
|
|
|
|
|
suivante.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Les autres modificateurs,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@<
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@(
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
|
|
|
|
,\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
et
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
sont saisis comme indiqué en remplaçant les points de suspension par la
|
|
|
|
|
description correspondante.
|
|
|
|
|
Le code pour la courbure des flèches, qui dans
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
xypic
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
est
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@/_mesure/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@/
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
^
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
mesure/
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
où
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
mesure
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
est n'importe quelle mesure \SpecialChar TeX
|
|
|
|
|
, doit être saisi en \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
comme l'indice ou l'exposant
|
|
|
|
|
de la première barre inclinée
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/: vérifiez bien que la barre inclinée finale ne fait pas partie de l'indice
|
|
|
|
|
ou de l'exposant.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Quoi faire si quelque chose ne va pas
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
En construisant un diagramme, vous
|
|
|
|
|
\series bold
|
|
|
|
|
devez
|
|
|
|
|
\series default
|
|
|
|
|
vérifier de temps en temps, en déplaçant le curseur hors de la zone d'édition,
|
|
|
|
|
que l'aperçu la convertit correctement dans sa version graphique.
|
|
|
|
|
Si cela ne se produit pas, cela peut venir du fait que l'aperçu n'est pas
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
conscient
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, pour une raison ou une autre, de la nécessité de la conversion graphique.
|
|
|
|
|
Survoler le zone et ressortir peut
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes cld
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
réveiller
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes crd
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l'aperçu.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Une raison plus profonde peut être une erreur de syntaxe dans la saisie:
|
|
|
|
|
dans de cas, la zone d'édition mathématique disparaît.
|
|
|
|
|
Si nécessaire, défaites les dernières modifications, en pressant
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl+Z
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou via l'icône de la barre d'outils principale, ou essayez de traduire
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
le fichier \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
en
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
DVI
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
en pressant
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl
|
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
|
|
|
+D
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
|
ou en sélectionnant
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
View\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
DVI
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, ou encore via l'icône de la barre d'outil de création des sorties imprimables.
|
|
|
|
|
Ceci provoquera un message d'erreur, qui vous donnera probablement une
|
|
|
|
|
indication sur l'origine de l'erreur.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
|
|
|
Astuces
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Certaines choses ne fonctionnent pas depuis \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Celles qui manquent (manquaient) le plus sont les mises à l'échelle verticale
|
|
|
|
|
et horizontale des diagrammes, et le positionnement correct des flèches.
|
|
|
|
|
Nous décrivons ci-après quelques solutions alternatives.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Mises à l'échelle horizontale et verticale
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Il est fréquemment pratique d'étirer ou de comprimer la dimension horizontale
|
|
|
|
|
ou verticale d'un diagramme entier en utilisant l'espacement des lignes
|
|
|
|
|
ou des colonnes.
|
|
|
|
|
Suivant le manuel
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, par exemple
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrix@R=1pc{
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
définit une matrice
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy{}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
munie d'un espacement de lignes de 1 pica.
|
|
|
|
|
De même,
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrix@C=
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ldots
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
permet de modifier l'espacement entre colonnes.
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Malheureusement, ces commandes ne fonctionnent pas encore dans \SpecialChar LyX
|
|
|
|
|
, du fait
|
|
|
|
|
que le caractère
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
est interprété par \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
comme terminant la macro-instruction matrice-
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Sachant que
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
Xy{}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
range les valeurs d'espacement pour les lignes et les colonnes dans les
|
|
|
|
|
variables
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
et
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, ajoutez la macro suivante au préambule (
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
|
|
|
Paramètres...\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
Préambule
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
):
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
newcommand{
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xyR}[1]{%
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xydef@
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@{#1}}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout LyX-Code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Une macro dénommée
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xyC
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
peut être définie de la même manière en remplaçant
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrixrowsep@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
par
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
xymatrixcolsep@
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
Maintenant, une figure peut être mise à l'échelle en saisissant
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\backslash
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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xyR{...}
|
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|
\family default
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dans la matrice
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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Placez le curseur dans la matrice, juste avant la première cellule, puis
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saisissez
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xyR
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\backslash
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{
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\family default
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ou
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xyC
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\backslash
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{
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\family default
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ou les deux.
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|
N'oubliez pas les barres inclinées inverses et rappelez-vous que l'accolade
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
fermante est fournie par \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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|
.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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Insérez les dimensions entre les accolades, la valeur implicite étant
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\family typewriter
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2pt
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\family default
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset Note Greyedout
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\series bold
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Note:
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\series default
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ces commandes affectent toutes les matrices
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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suivantes.
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N'oubliez donc pas de restaurer les valeurs implicites après une utilisation
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de
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xyR et autres.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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.
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|
Vous voyez ici un diagramme qui est compressé verticalement et étiré horizontal
|
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|
ement à l'aide de
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\family typewriter
|
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|
\backslash
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
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|
xyR{0.5pc}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
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|
xyC{9pc}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\family default
|
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|
:
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula
|
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|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\xyR{.5pc}\xyC{9pc}\xymatrix{A\ar[r]\ar[d] & B\\
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
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|
C\ar@{}[ur]|{\text{{étirement\,\ horizontal}}}
|
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}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\]
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\end_inset
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|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
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|
\begin_inset Formula $\xyR{2pc}\xyC{2pc}$
|
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\end_inset
|
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\begin_inset Note Note
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status open
|
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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retour à la valeur implicite
|
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\end_layout
|
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\end_inset
|
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|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
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|
\end_layout
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|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
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|
Positionnement des étiquettes
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
Une autre commande
|
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|
\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
|
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\begin_inset ERT
|
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status collapsed
|
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|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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\backslash
|
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Xy{}
|
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\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
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|
utile permet de positionner correctement les étiquettes autour du corps
|
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|
des flèches.
|
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|
|
Cette fonctionnalité est parfois nécessaire, lorsque le positionnement
|
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|
|
implicite de l'étiquette perturbe le graphique, ou bien même se superpose
|
|
|
|
|
à d'autre éléments, comme les intersections de flèches dans l'exemple ci-après.
|
|
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|
|
Pour déplacer une étiquette le long du corps d'une flèche,
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
|
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|
|
status open
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
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|
Xy{}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
permet de préfixer l'étiquette par un nombre décimal entre parenthèses,
|
|
|
|
|
spécifiant la fraction de la distance le long de la flèche où positionner
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
l'étiquette: par exemple, le code
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
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|
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|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
ar[r]|(0.3)
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
|
varphi
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
placera l'étiquette sur le corps, à peu près au tiers du corps de la flèche.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
Procéder de même pour les étiquettes au-dessus ou au-dessous des flèches
|
|
|
|
|
comme avec
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
|
ar[dr]^(0.3)
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
varphi,
|
|
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|
|
\family default
|
|
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|
|
respectivement
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
|
ar[ur]_(0.3)
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
, ne fonctionne pas depuis \SpecialChar LyX
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
.
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
0 la place, il faut remplacer l'accent circonflexe
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
^, resp.
|
|
|
|
|
le caractère souligné
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_, par les macros
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
sp
|
|
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|
\family default
|
|
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|
, resp.
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
sb
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, ce qui s'écrit
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
ar[dr]
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
|
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|
|
sp(0.3)
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
varphi
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
et
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[ur]
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
sb(0.3)
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
Il est de ce fait possible d'insérer plusieurs étiquettes le long du chemin
|
|
|
|
|
par cette méthode et les positionnement des étiquettes est correct, même
|
|
|
|
|
si la flèche est courbée.
|
2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Dans la figure suivante, la flèche courbe et ses quatre étiquettes ont
|
|
|
|
|
été créées par
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@(r,r)[d]
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
sp(0.2){
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi_{1}}
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
sp(0.4){
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi_{2}}
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
sb(0.6){
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi_{3}}
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
sp(0.8){
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
phi_{4}}.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
|
|
|
\[
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\xyC{4pc}\xymatrix{\bullet\ar[dr]\sp(0.3)\varphi & \circ\ar@{}[d]|\vdots\ar@(r,r)[d]\sp(0.2){\phi_{1}}\sp(0.4){\phi_{2}}\sb(0.6){\phi_{3}}\sp(0.8){\phi_{4}}\\
|
2011-06-14 16:32:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\circ\ar[ur]\sb(0.3)\phi & \bullet
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
|
|
|
Flèches étirées invisibles
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Une astuce plus générique utilise les flèches invisibles pour placer n'importe
|
|
|
|
|
quel objet à peu près partout dans un diagramme: créer une flèche invisible,
|
|
|
|
|
la raccourcir (ou l'allonger) en deçà ou au-delà de sa cible en ajoutant
|
|
|
|
|
un nombre décimal, e.
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
g.
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
(0.6)
|
|
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|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
ou
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
(1.4)
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, à son chemin, et attacher une étiquette à la flèche.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
De cette façon, la flèche pointant vers la bas avec son étiquette
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
à
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.3) de sa longueur aurait aussi bien pu être produite en ajoutant à la
|
|
|
|
|
flèche normale
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar[dr]
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
une flèche invisible étiquetée par
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset space ~
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
|
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\family typewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
ar@{}[dr(0.6)]^
|
|
|
|
|
\backslash
|
|
|
|
|
varphi
|
|
|
|
|
\family default
|
|
|
|
|
, restreinte à 0.6 de sa longueur: son étiquette apparaîtra maintenant à
|
|
|
|
|
0.3 de la longueur de la flèche normale.
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
|
|
|
Cette astuce a deux inconvénients mineurs: d'abord, elle ne fonctionne pas
|
|
|
|
|
avec les flèches courbes; ensuite, prolonger une flèche invisible au-delà
|
|
|
|
|
de la dimension normale de la figure va élargir la boîte contenant la figure,
|
|
|
|
|
et donc créer trop d'espacement vertical entre la figure et le paragraphe
|
|
|
|
|
suivant ou le paragraphe précédent (sauf a créer un espacement négatif
|
|
|
|
|
à l'aide de
|
|
|
|
|
\family sans
|
2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Insertion\SpecialChar menuseparator
|
|
|
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Typographie spéciale\SpecialChar menuseparator
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\family typewriter
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Espacement vertical
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\family default
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).
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Néanmoins, les flèches invisibles constituent un outil très utile puisqu'elles
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permettent de placer théoriquement des informations n'importe où dans un
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diagramme.
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Dans la figure ci-dessus, par exemple, nous avons utilisé une flèche invisible
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pour importer
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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vdots
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\family default
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comme étiquette, et dans la figure précédente nous avions utilisé une flèche
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invisible pour importer le texte
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\family typewriter
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes cld
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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Étirement horizontal
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\family default
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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\begin_inset Quotes crd
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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au centre de la figure.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Autres astuces pour
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Nous nous sommes concentrés ici sur la commande
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\family typewriter
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\backslash
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xymatrix
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\family default
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, qui n'est qu'une des fonctionnalités disponibles dans le remarquable paquetage
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy{}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\family default
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créé par Kris
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\noun on
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Rose
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\noun default
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.
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Le manuel
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\family typewriter
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\family default
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2009-11-27 02:59:08 +00:00
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-pic
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "xypic manual"
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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illustre les nombreuses possibilités de ce paquetage.
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Attention cependant, son style est laconique et vous devrez sans doute
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expérimenter en modifiant les nombreux exemples.
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Lauda
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "Lauda"
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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explique comment utiliser
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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-pic pour créer des tresses, des diagrammes de cobordisme ou de chaînes,
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et bien plus.
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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Vous pouvez aussi consulter l'exemple
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\family typewriter
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inset_preview.lyx
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\family default
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2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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empaqueté avec \SpecialChar LyX
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2015-11-13 18:14:45 +00:00
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, qui montre comment utiliser des commandes
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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Xy
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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en utilisant les inserts
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\family typewriter
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Code
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\begin_inset space ~
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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\SpecialChar TeX
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\family default
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et
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\family typewriter
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Aperçu.
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Bibliography
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\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
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LatexCommand bibitem
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key "xypic manual"
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang english
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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Kristoffer H.
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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Rose:
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\emph on
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-pic User's Guide
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\emph default
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang french
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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.
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Flex URL
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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2016-01-05 11:13:21 +00:00
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https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/generic/diagrams/xypic/doc/xyguide.pdf
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Bibliography
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\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
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LatexCommand bibitem
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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key "xypic reference"
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang english
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Kristoffer H.
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Rose and Ross Moore:
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\emph on
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-pic Reference Manual
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\emph default
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\lang french
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.
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset Flex URL
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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2016-01-05 11:13:21 +00:00
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https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/generic/diagrams/xypic/doc/xyrefer.pdf
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Bibliography
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\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
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LatexCommand bibitem
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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key "xypic"
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang english
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Homepage of the package
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\emph on
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-pic
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\emph default
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\lang french
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:
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset Flex URL
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xypic
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Bibliography
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\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
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LatexCommand bibitem
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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key "instant-preview"
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang english
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Homepage of preview-latex:
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\lang french
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Flex URL
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\begin_layout Bibliography
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\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
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LatexCommand bibitem
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key "AUCTeX"
|
2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
|
|
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|
literal "true"
|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang english
|
2016-01-13 02:06:03 +00:00
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|
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|
Homepage of AUC\SpecialChar TeX
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|
2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
|
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\lang french
|
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|
:
|
2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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|
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|
\begin_inset Flex URL
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Bibliography
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\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
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LatexCommand bibitem
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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key "Lauda"
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2017-04-24 04:03:19 +00:00
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literal "true"
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_inset
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang english
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Aarlon Lauda:
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\backslash
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Xy
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\emph on
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-pic
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\emph default
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\emph on
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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tutorial with an archive of examples
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\emph default
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\lang french
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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.
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2014-03-29 04:08:01 +00:00
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\begin_inset Flex URL
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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2016-01-05 11:13:21 +00:00
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https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/generic/diagrams/xypic/doc/xyguide.pdf
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2009-11-25 00:47:10 +00:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_body
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\end_document
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