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Example file multicol splitted from Extended.lyx

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2000-01-26 Jean-Marc Lasgouttes <Jean-Marc.Lasgouttes@inria.fr>
* lib/examples/multicol.lyx: new file, splitted from Extended.lyx.
2000-01-25 Jean-Marc Lasgouttes <Jean-Marc.Lasgouttes@inria.fr>
* INSTALL: update xforms home page URL.

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#This file was created by <mike> Tue Jan 25 11:50:08 2000
#LyX 1.0 (C) 1995-1999 Matthias Ettrich and the LyX Team
\lyxformat 2.15
\textclass article
\begin_preamble
\usepackage{multicol}
\end_preamble
\language default
\inputencoding default
\fontscheme default
\graphics default
\paperfontsize default
\spacing single
\papersize Default
\paperpackage a4
\use_geometry 0
\use_amsmath 0
\paperorientation portrait
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
\defskip medskip
\quotes_language english
\quotes_times 2
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle default
\layout Title
Multiple Columns
\layout Author
by
\noun on
Lars Gullik Bjønnes
\layout Section
Purpose
\layout Standard
The aim for this chapter is to show how the LaTeX package
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
can be used in a LyX document.
As LyX doesn't support the
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
package natively yet, we have to use some small hacks.
By reading this section it should be obvious how to do this.
\layout Subsection
Limitations
\layout Standard
The
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
package allows switching between one and multicolumn format on the same
page.
Footnotes are handled correctly (for the most part), but will be placed
at the bottom of the page and not under each column.
LaTeX's float mechanism, however, is partly disabled in the current implementat
ion.
At the moment only page-wide floats can be used within the scope of the
environment.
\layout Subsection
Examples
\layout Subsubsection
Two columns
\layout Standard
\added_space_bottom -2ex
If you want to have two columns in your text, you have use LaTeX mode to
insert
\family typewriter
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\family default
at the point where you want the two column layout to start, and then
\family typewriter
\backslash
end{multicols}
\family default
where you want it to end.
Like this:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\noindent
\series bold
\size small
The Adventure of the Empty House
\series default
\newline
by
\noun on
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
\layout Standard
\size small
It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested, and
the fashionable world dismayed, by the murder of the Honourable Ronald
Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances.
The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came
out in the police investigation, but a good deal was suppressed upon that
occasion, since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong
that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts.
Only now, at the end of nearly ten years, am I allowed to supply those
missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain.
The crime was of interest in itself, but that interest was as nothing to
me compared to the inconceivable sequel, which afforded me the greatest
shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life.
Even now, after this long interval, I find myself thrilling as I think
of it, and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy, amazement, and increduli
ty which utterly submerged my mind.
Let me say to that public, which has shown some interest in those glimpses
which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very
remarkable man, that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge
with them, for I should have considered it my first duty to do so, had
I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips, which was
only withdrawn upon the third of last month.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Multiple columns
\layout Standard
\added_space_bottom -2ex
The same pattern is used when you want more than two columns.
(You can have more than 3 columns if you want , but that might not be very
pleasant for the eye.)
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{3}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested
me deeply in crime, and that after his disappearance I never failed to
read with care the various problems which came before the public.
And I even attempted, more than once, for my own private satisfaction,
to employ his methods in their solution, though with indifferent success.
There was none, however, which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald
Adair.
As I read the evidence at the inquest, which led up to a verdict of willful
murder against some person or persons unknown, I realized more clearly
than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the
death of Sherlock Holmes.
There were points about this strange business which would, I was sure,
have specially appealed to him, and the efforts of the police would have
been supplemented, or more probably anticipated, by the trained observation
and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe.
All day, as I drove upon my round, I turned over the case in my mind and
found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate.
At the risk of telling a twice-told tale, I will recapitulate the facts
as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Columns inside columns
\layout Standard
\added_space_bottom -2ex
You can even have columns inside columns:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\added_space_bottom -2ex
\size footnotesize
The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth,
at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies.
Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for
cataract, and she, her son Ronald, and her daughter Hilda were living together
at 427 Park Lane.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
The youth moved in the best society--had, so far as was known, no enemies
and no particular vices.
He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley, of Carstairs, but the engagement
had been broken off by mutual consent some months before, and there was
no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it.
For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle,
for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional.
Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came, in most
strange and unexpected form, between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty
on the night of March 30, 1894.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
Ronald Adair was fond of cards--playing continually, but never for such
stakes as would hurt him.
He was a member of the Baldwin, the Cavendish, and the Bagatelle card clubs.
It was shown that, after dinner on the day of his death, he had played
a rubber of whist at the latter club.
He had also played there in the afternoon.
\size default
\size footnotesize
The evidence of those who had played with him-- Mr.
Murray, Sir John Hardy, and Colonel Moran--showed that the game was whist,
and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards.
Adair might have lost five pounds, but not more.
His fortune was a considerable one, and such a loss could not in any way
affect him.
He had played nearly every day at one club or other, but he was a cautious
player, and usually rose a winner.
It came out in evidence that, in partnership with Colonel Moran, he had
actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting, some
weeks before, from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral.
So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsection
Advanced Examples
\layout Standard
As you probably know
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
has several customizing variables.
The following examples shows how these can be used from LyX.
\layout Subsubsection
Preface and Skip
\layout Standard
If there is less than 5cm left on the page, a page break will be inserted
before this bit, which has a preface text above the two columns:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}[
\latex default
And the story continues and continues and continues and continues\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\latex latex
][5cm]
\layout Standard
\size small
On the evening of the crime, he returned from the club exactly at ten.
His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation.
The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second
floor, generally used as his sitting-room.
She had lit a fire there, and as it smoked she had opened the window.
No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty, the hour of the return
of Lady Maynooth and her daughter.
Desiring to say good-night, she attempted to enter her son's room.
The door was locked on the inside, and no answer could be got to their
cries and knocking.
Help was obtained, and the door forced.
The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table.
His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet, but
no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room.
On the table lay two bank notes for ten pounds each and seventeen pounds
ten in silver and gold, the money arranged in little piles of varying amount.
There were some figures also upon a sheet of paper, with the names of some
club friends opposite to them, from which it was conjectured that before
his death he was endeavouring to make out his losses or winnings at cards.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Preface and sections
\layout Standard
What if you want the preface to be a sectioning command? That can be done,
but only through LaTeX commands inside the parameters for the
\family typewriter
multicols
\family default
command.
Because of this, the section command can not be provided by LyX:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}[
\backslash
subsubsection{
\latex default
This is the sectioning command as a preface
\latex latex
}][5cm]
\layout Standard
\size small
A minute examination of the circumstances served only to make the case more
complex.
In the first place, no reason could be given why the young man should have
fastened the door upon the inside.
There was the possibility that the murderer had done this, and had afterwards
escaped by the window.
The drop was at least twenty feet, however, and a bed of crocuses in full
bloom lay beneath.
Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed,
nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated
the house from the road.
Apparently, therefore, it was the young man himself who had fastened the
door.
But how did he come by his death? No one could have climbed up to the window
without leaving traces.
Suppose a man had fired through the window, he would indeed be a remarkable
shot who could with a revolver inflict so deadly a wound.
Again, Park Lane is a frequented thoroughfare; there is a cab stand within
a hundred yards of the house.
No one had heard a shot.
And yet there was the dead man and there the revolver bullet, which had
mushroomed out, as soft-nosed bullets will, and so inflicted a wound which
must have caused instantaneous death.
Such were the circumstances of the Park Lane Mystery, which were further
complicated by entire absence of motive, since, as I have said, young Adair
was not known to have any enemy, and no attempt had been made to remove
the money or valuables in the room.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Free Space
\layout Standard
The
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
package demands that a certain amount of space is available before and
after a multicolumn section.
In addition
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
inserts a given space in front of and after the multicol section.
The commands to change the default settings for this must be given just
before the
\family typewriter
\backslash
begin{multicols}
\family default
.
This example puts a space of 3 cm in front of and after the multicolumn
text:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{3cm}
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size small
All day I turned these facts over in my mind, endeavouring to hit upon some
theory which could reconcile them all, and to find that line of least resistanc
e which my poor friend had declared to be the starting-point of every investigat
ion.
I confess that I made little progress.
In the evening I strolled across the Park, and found myself about six o'clock
at the Oxford Street end of Park Lane.
A group of loafers upon the pavements, all staring up at a particular window,
directed me to the house which I had come to see.
A tall, thin man with coloured glasses, whom I strongly suspected of being
a plain-clothes detective, was pointing out some theory of his own, while
the others crowded round to listen to what he said.
I got as near him as I could, but his observations seemed to me to be absurd,
so I withdrew again in some disgust.
As I did so I struck against an elderly, deformed man, who had been behind
me, and I knocked down several books which he was carrying.
I remember that as I picked them up, I observed the title of one of them,
THE ORIGIN OF TREE WORSHIP, and it struck me that the fellow must be some
poor bibliophile, who, either as a trade or as a hobby, was a collector
of obscure volumes.
I endeavoured to apologize for the accident, but it was evident that these
books which I had so unfortunately maltreated were very precious objects
in the eyes of their owner.
With a snarl of contempt he turned upon his heel, and I saw his curved
back and white side-whiskers disappear among the throng.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Paragraph
Note:
\layout Standard
The values you set with
\family typewriter
\backslash
setlength
\family default
must be reset to default after use, or you will get the modified value
in the rest of your document.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{13pt}
\layout Subsubsection
Column Width and Separation
\layout Standard
The width of the columns inside the
\family sans
multicols
\family default
environment is automatically calculated, but you can modify the space between
two columns explicitly.
The space between the following two columns is 3 cm wide:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{3cm}
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size small
My observations of No.
427 Park Lane did little to clear up the problem in which I was interested.
The house was separated from the street by a low wall and railing, the
whole not more than five feet high.
It was perfectly easy, therefore, for anyone to get into the garden, but
the window was entirely inaccessible, since there was no water pipe or
anything which could help the most active man to climb it.
More puzzled than ever, I retraced my steps to Kensington.
I had not been in my study five minutes when the maid entered to say that
a person desired to see me.
To my astonishment it was none other than my strange old book collector,
his sharp, wizened face peering out from a frame of white hair, and his
precious volumes, a dozen of them at least, wedged under his right arm.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
Once again, we have to reset the value after use to avoid using it in the
rest of the document.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{10pt}
\layout Subsubsection
Vertical Lines
\layout Standard
Between every two columns, a rule of width
\family typewriter
\backslash
columnseprule
\family default
is placed.
If this rule is set to 0 pt, the rule is suppressed.
In the following example, the line separating the two columns is 2 pt wide.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnseprule}{2pt}
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
You're surprised to see me, sir,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
said he, in a strange, croaking voice.
\layout Standard
\size small
I acknowledged that I was.
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Well, I've a conscience, sir, and when I chanced to see you go into this
house, as I came hobbling after you, I thought to myself, I'll just step
in and see that kind gentleman, and tell him that if I was a bit gruff
in my manner there was not any harm meant, and that I am much obliged to
him for picking up my books.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
You make too much of a trifle,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
said I.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
May I ask how you knew who I was?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Well, sir, if it isn't too great a liberty, I am a neighbour of yours, for
you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street, and very
happy to see you, I am sure.
Maybe you collect yourself, sir.
Here's
\noun on
British
\protected_separator
Birds
\noun default
, and
\noun on
Catullus
\noun default
, and
\noun on
The Holy War
\noun default
--a bargain, every one of them.
With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
It looks untidy, does it not, sir?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
As usual, we reset the value after use.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnseprule}{0pt}
\layout Standard
You'll have to go to the library to read the rest of the story.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
or cheat like we did and find it at the Gutenberg project somewhere on the
Web.
\end_float
Believe it or not, but it's actually a bit of a cliff-hanger at this point
in the story\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\the_end