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UserGuide.lyx: add info about widows and orphans
(thanks Helmut for this info) - German UserGuide.lyx: add missing section about proper names
This commit is contained in:
Uwe Stöhr
parent
7781cd404c
commit
d0209eb286
@ -16689,7 +16689,7 @@ name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
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\begin_layout Standard
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You will certainly have noticed that the word “LaTeX” always appears with
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characters in different sizes and heights.
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characters in different sizes and positions.
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LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized
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as a proper name when you type it in LyX as
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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@ -16715,16 +16715,8 @@ eX
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the
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\begin_inset Quotes eld
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\end_inset
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command
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\begin_inset Quotes erd
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\end_inset
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appear as proper name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.
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To create proper names omit the TeX Code.
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The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the Text appears as proper
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name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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@ -17028,10 +17020,9 @@ Typography ! Widows and orphans
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In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
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happened to end.
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There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
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You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
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for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
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of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
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of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
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For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
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of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
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of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
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These bits of text became known as
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\emph on
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widows
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@ -17050,13 +17041,28 @@ Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
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of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
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built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
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specifically to prevent widows and orphans.
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This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
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\end_layout
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If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\begin_layout Standard
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We cannot go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page, or how you can
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tweak that behavior.
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Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography (such as
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\series bold
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\backslash
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widowpenalty=10000
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
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clubpenalty=10000
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\series default
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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to the LaTeX preamble of your document to avoid them.
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Some LaTeX books (such as
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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@ -17078,8 +17084,8 @@ key "latexguide"
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\end_inset
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) may have more information.
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You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
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) have more information about the technical details of LaTeX's page break
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mechanism.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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@ -557,6 +557,48 @@ Neu
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konfigurieren
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\family default
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neu konfigurieren.
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\begin_inset Note Note
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Die zwei geschweiften Klammern in der TeX-Code-Box verhindern, dass der
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Begriff
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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LaTeX
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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mit hoch- und tiefgestellten Zeichen ausgegeben wird.
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Mehr zu TeX-Code ist in Abschnitt
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "sec:TeX-Code"
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\end_inset
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zu finden; die Ausgabe von Eigennamen wie LaTeX ist in Abschnitt
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "sub:LyXs-Eigennamen"
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\end_inset
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beschrieben.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Index idx
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status collapsed
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@ -17693,6 +17735,237 @@ fest
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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LyXs Eigennamen
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\begin_inset Index idx
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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LyX ! Eigennamen
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset CommandInset label
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LatexCommand label
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name "sub:LyXs-Eigennamen"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Sie haben sicherlich bemerkt, dass das Wort
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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LaTeX
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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immer mit Zeichen in verschiedener Größe und Positionen ausgegeben wird.
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LaTeX ist der Name des Programms, das von LyX verwendet wird und wird daher
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als Eigenname erkannt, wenn man in LyX
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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LaT
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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{}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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eX
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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schreibt.
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\begin_inset Note Note
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Die geschweiften Klammern in TeX-Code sind hier dazu da, zu verhindern,
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dass der Text als Eigenname ausgegeben wird, siehe den letzten Absatz dieses
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Abschnitts.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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Beachten Sie die Reihenfolge der hoch- und tiefgestellten Zeichen! LyX
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erkennt die folgenden Eigennamen:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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LyX Das Programm um das es hier geht; schreiben Sie
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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L
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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{}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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yX
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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um in zu erzeugen.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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TeX Das Programm, dass von LaTeX verwendet wird; schreiben Sie
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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T
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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{}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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eX
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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um in zu erzeugen.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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LaTeX Das Programm, dass von LyX verwendet wird; schreiben Sie
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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LaT
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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{}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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eX
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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um in zu erzeugen.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Description
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LaTeX2e Die aktuelle Version von LaTeX; schreiben Sie
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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LaT
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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{}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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eX2e
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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um in zu erzeugen.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Sie wundern sich vielleicht warum die LaTeX-Version
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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2
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\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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ist.
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Es ist eine alte Tradition in der TeX-Welt, dass man für Programme verrückte
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Versionsnummern vergibt.
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Zum Beispiel konvergiert die Versionsnummer von TeX zur Zahl
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\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
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\end_inset
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: Die aktuelle Version ist
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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TeX-3.141592
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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, die vorherige war
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\begin_inset Quotes gld
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\end_inset
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TeX-3.14159
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\begin_inset Quotes grd
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Wenn Sie keine Eigennamen ausgeben wollen, z.
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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B.
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in Abschnittsüberschriften, können Sie zwei leere geschweifte Klammern
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in TeX-Code in das Wort einfügen.
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In LyX sieht das dann so aus:
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename ../clipart/LaTeX.png
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scale 80
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\end_inset
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.
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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Für mehr über TeX-Code siehe Abschnitt
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "sec:TeX-Code"
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Einheiten
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\begin_inset Index idx
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@ -17845,11 +18118,14 @@ name "sub:Schusterjungen-und-Hurenkinder"
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In den frühen Tagen der Textverarbeitungen passierten Seitenumbrüche genau
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dort, wo die Seiten zu Ende waren.
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Es spielte keine Rolle, worum es im Text eigentlich ging.
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Sie werden sich sicher erinnern, dass Sie nach dem Drucken eines Dokumentes
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feststellten, dass die Überschrift eines neuen Abschnittes oder die erste
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Zeile eines neuen Absatzes allein auf der letzten Zeile einer Seite standen,
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oder dass die letzte Zeile eines Absatzes die erste Zeile einer neuen Seite
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bildete.
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So stand z.
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\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
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\end_inset
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B.
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die Überschrift eines neuen Abschnittes oder die erste Zeile eines neuen
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Absatzes allein auf der letzten Zeile einer Seite, oder die letzte Zeile
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eines Absatzes bildete erste Zeile einer neuen Seite.
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Diese Dinge nennt man
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\emph on
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Schusterjungen
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@ -17862,23 +18138,41 @@ Hurenkinder
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Klar, dass LyX vermeiden kann, eine Seite direkt nach der Abschnittsüberschrift
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\noindent
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Natürlich kann LyX vermeiden, eine Seite direkt nach der Abschnittsüberschrift
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umzubrechen.
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Das ist ein Vorteil von Absatzumgebungen.
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Aber was ist mit Schusterjungen und Hurenkindern? LaTeX hat Regeln, um
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mit Seitenumbrüchen fertig zu werden, und einige von ihnen sind speziell
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dazu da, um Schusterjungen und Hurenkinder zu verhindern.
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Das ist
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\emph on
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ein
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\emph default
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Vorteil, dass LyX LaTeX im Hintergrund hat.
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Wenn Schusterjungen trotzdem auftreten und Sie stören, können Sie im LaTeX-Vors
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pann Ihres Dokuments die Befehle
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\begin_inset Newpage newpage
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Wir können es nicht näher erläutern, wie TeX und LaTeX Seitenumbrüche festlegen
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oder wie man das Verhalten beeinflussen kann.
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Einige LaTeX-Bücher im Literaturverzeichnis (zum Beispiel
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\noindent
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\series bold
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\backslash
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widowpenalty=10000
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
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clubpenalty=10000
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\series default
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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hinzufügen um diese zu vermeiden.
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Einige LaTeX-Bücher (zum Beispiel
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\begin_inset space \space{}
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\end_inset
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@ -17900,8 +18194,7 @@ key "latexguide"
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\end_inset
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) mögen mehr darüber enthalten.
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Auf jeden Fall müssen Sie sich fast nie darum kümmern.
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) enthalten mehr zu den technischen Details zu LaTeXs Seitenumbruch.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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@ -17127,7 +17127,6 @@ status collapsed
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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Las llaves en código TeX impiden que «comando» aparezca como nombre propio
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en la salida; véase el último párrafo de esta sección.
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Para generar nombres propios omite el código TeX.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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@ -17448,13 +17447,36 @@ Sin duda, LyX puede impedir los saltos de página detrás de un encabezado
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deja una línea de un párrafo aislada al principio o al final de una página?
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LaTeX incorpora reglas que gobiernan los saltos de página, y algunas de
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ellas están pensadas precisamente para evitar las líneas viudas o huérfanas.
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Esta es una de las ventajas que obtiene LyX del empleo de LaTeX como soporte.
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\end_layout
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\lang english
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If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
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\lang spanish
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\begin_layout Standard
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No es posible explicar aquí la forma en que TeX y LaTeX deciden dónde saltar
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una página , o en cómo ajustar esta característica.
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Algunos libros sobre LaTeX listados en la bibliografía [como
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\series bold
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\backslash
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widowpenalty=10000
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\backslash
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clubpenalty=10000
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\series default
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\end_inset
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\lang english
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to the LaTeX preamble of your document to avoid them
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\lang spanish
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.
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Algunos libros sobre LaTeX [como
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\begin_inset space ~
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\end_inset
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@ -17476,8 +17498,9 @@ key "latexguide"
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\end_inset
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] tienen más información.
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Sin embargo, no deberías preocuparte por este asunto.
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] tienen más información sobre
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\lang english
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the technical details of LaTeX's page break mechanism.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Chapter
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@ -17860,7 +17860,6 @@ commande
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apparaisse comme un nom propre dans la sortie finale, voir le dernier paragraph
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e de cette section.
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Pour créer des noms propres ne mettez pas les accolades.
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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@ -18188,13 +18187,36 @@ LyX peut éviter de changer de page juste après un en-tête de section.
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ne laissent qu'une ligne d'un paragraphe toute seule au sommet ou au bas
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d'une page ? LaTeX suit des règles concernant les sauts de page, et certaines
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d'entre elles sont spécialement destinées à éviter les veuves et les orphelins.
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C'est l'avantage d'utiliser LaTeX en interne.
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\end_layout
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\lang english
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If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
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\lang french
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Nous n'allons pas traiter de la façon de décider TeX ou LaTeX à changer
|
||||
de page, ou de la façon d'influencer ce comportement.
|
||||
Quelques livres sur LaTeX cités dans la bibliographie (comme
|
||||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\series bold
|
||||
|
||||
\backslash
|
||||
widowpenalty=10000
|
||||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\backslash
|
||||
clubpenalty=10000
|
||||
\series default
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\lang english
|
||||
to the LaTeX preamble of your document to avoid them
|
||||
\lang french
|
||||
.
|
||||
Quelques livres sur LaTeX (comme
|
||||
\begin_inset space ~
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18216,9 +18238,9 @@ key "latexguide"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
) peuvent contenir plus d'informations.
|
||||
De toutes façons, vous n'aurez presque jamais à vous inquiéter de tout
|
||||
cela.
|
||||
) peuvent contenir plus d'informations
|
||||
\lang english
|
||||
about the technical details of LaTeX's page break mechanism.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14389,11 +14389,36 @@ status collapsed
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
LyXでは原理的に、節見出しの直後に改頁が起こることを避けることができることはあきらかです。これは段落環境を採用していることの利点なのです。しかし、改頁によって
|
||||
段落のうち一行だけをページの冒頭や末尾に取り残してしまう、孤立行に関してはどうでしょう。実はLaTeXには、改頁を制御する規則が埋め込まれていて、これらに含まれ
|
||||
ている規則の一部が、孤立行の発生を明示的に防いでいるのです。これは、LaTeXをバックエンドとして使うことによって、LyXが獲得している利点です。
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
ている規則の一部が、孤立行の発生を明示的に防いでいるのです。
|
||||
\lang english
|
||||
If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
|
||||
\lang japanese
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
ここでは、TeXやLaTeXが改頁を決定する方法や、その挙動の変更方法について、詳述する紙幅がありません。参考文献に引用してあるLaTeX関連書籍(
|
||||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\series bold
|
||||
|
||||
\backslash
|
||||
widowpenalty=10000
|
||||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\backslash
|
||||
clubpenalty=10000
|
||||
\series default
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset Newline newline
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\lang english
|
||||
to the LaTeX preamble of your document to avoid them.
|
||||
Some LaTeX books
|
||||
\lang japanese
|
||||
(
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "latexcompanion"
|
||||
@ -14407,7 +14432,10 @@ key "latexguide"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
)などに詳しい説明をしているものがあります。しかしながら、この点を気にしなくてはならなくなることは、まずないでしょう。
|
||||
)
|
||||
\lang english
|
||||
have more information about the technical details of LaTeX's page break
|
||||
mechanism.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Chapter
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user